服装空气层热湿传递机理研究
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摘要
本文通过全面考察分析前人对服装热湿舒适性的研究，发现服装空气层热湿传递研究尚没有较为完善的理论模型和较为系统的模拟方法，因此围绕服装空气层建立了一种新的热湿传递机理模型。该模型以服装空气层(包括微小气候)为研究对象，依据表征性体积单元的概念，应用连续介质的分析方法，利用热量、质量、动量传递的基本规律，并考虑服装空气层热湿传递过程中的相变、对流、渗透等现象，建立起反映服装空气层温度场、湿分浓度场、气相总压场以及速度场变化规律的物理和数学模型，相应地建立了质量守恒方程式、运动方程式、能量守恒方程式以及总压分布数学模型，本文还给出了模型的初始条件和边界条件，并对模型中的主要参数进行了分析。
对建立的空气层热湿传递数学模型、边界热质传递方程、温度场边界节点方程式、压力场边界条件等采用有限差分方法中的完全隐式差分方法进行离散化分析，将空气层模型的速度分布、湿分分布和温度分布三大偏微分方程及内、外边界条件方程变换为节点方程式，通过数值计算求得空气层各网格单元节点处的湿分浓度值、速度值和温度值。之后，用计算机MATLAB语言编制了数值求解程序进行数值求解。
本文还通过所编制计算机程序，利用服装空气层的热湿传递模型，对人体着装的服装结构变化、服装特性变化、环境工况等几种特定情况下服装空气层的温度场、湿分浓度场和总压分布场进行了仿真分析，得出了空气层对服装热湿舒适性的影响规律，除了能够获得试验易测数据外，还可得到任意时刻服装空气层内部的温度场、水蒸汽压力场分布，也能确定任意时刻的热流和质流通量。
Based on the general review and analysis of the research on the heat and moisture comfort through clothing , we find that there hasn't been a comparatively complete theoretical model and a comparatively systematic simulating method . So , centralizing the garment air, a new mechanism model of heat and moisture transfer is proposed in this thesis.
In this model , we regard the garment air layer(including the micro-climate)as the research object. According to the concept of characteristic unite of volume , we applied the continuum media approach and the basic laws about heat , mass and momentum transfer. At the same time , much phenomenon are taken into account, such as the phase transformation , the absortion of moisture , the desorption , the convertion of air and the penetration , and so on . Then a new physical and mathematical model is established , in which the laws about the change of temperature field, wet concentration field , gas phase field and velocity field in the garment air layer, is well reflected . Accordingly , another mathematical model , which is about the conservation equation of quality , the motion equation , the conservation equation of energy and the overall pressure distribution , is also abtained and we also made an analysis about the main parameters in this model.
During the process of parameter analysis, we take three main steps . First, using the complete implicit difference method , one method of finite difference , we make an analysis of variance as to the mathematical model of heat and moisture transfer through clothing , the boundary trasfer equation , the boundary equation of velocity distribution , wet distribution and temperature distribution , including their inner and outer boundary condition are transformed into node equations . Then, through numerical calculating, we get the value of the wet concentration, the velocity and the temperature at the node point of the grid unite . Finally , we use Matlab to design a programe and through it make the numerical calculation.
In addition, by virtue of the computer programe , this new model can also be used to simulate the heat and moisture transfer process in micro-climate under varied boundary condition of humen body , clothing and environment. And through it, we analyzed the temperature field , the wet concentration field and the overall pressure field . The rules about how the air affects the heat and wet comfort of garment is abtained . Besides the easily accessible experiment dates , we can also acquire the instant distribution of
temperature field , the vapour pressure field inside the garment air . And the instant flux of heat and mass can also be got.
对建立的空气层热湿传递数学模型、边界热质传递方程、温度场边界节点方程式、压力场边界条件等采用有限差分方法中的完全隐式差分方法进行离散化分析，将空气层模型的速度分布、湿分分布和温度分布三大偏微分方程及内、外边界条件方程变换为节点方程式，通过数值计算求得空气层各网格单元节点处的湿分浓度值、速度值和温度值。之后，用计算机MATLAB语言编制了数值求解程序进行数值求解。
本文还通过所编制计算机程序，利用服装空气层的热湿传递模型，对人体着装的服装结构变化、服装特性变化、环境工况等几种特定情况下服装空气层的温度场、湿分浓度场和总压分布场进行了仿真分析，得出了空气层对服装热湿舒适性的影响规律，除了能够获得试验易测数据外，还可得到任意时刻服装空气层内部的温度场、水蒸汽压力场分布，也能确定任意时刻的热流和质流通量。
Based on the general review and analysis of the research on the heat and moisture comfort through clothing , we find that there hasn't been a comparatively complete theoretical model and a comparatively systematic simulating method . So , centralizing the garment air, a new mechanism model of heat and moisture transfer is proposed in this thesis.
In this model , we regard the garment air layer(including the micro-climate)as the research object. According to the concept of characteristic unite of volume , we applied the continuum media approach and the basic laws about heat , mass and momentum transfer. At the same time , much phenomenon are taken into account, such as the phase transformation , the absortion of moisture , the desorption , the convertion of air and the penetration , and so on . Then a new physical and mathematical model is established , in which the laws about the change of temperature field, wet concentration field , gas phase field and velocity field in the garment air layer, is well reflected . Accordingly , another mathematical model , which is about the conservation equation of quality , the motion equation , the conservation equation of energy and the overall pressure distribution , is also abtained and we also made an analysis about the main parameters in this model.
During the process of parameter analysis, we take three main steps . First, using the complete implicit difference method , one method of finite difference , we make an analysis of variance as to the mathematical model of heat and moisture transfer through clothing , the boundary trasfer equation , the boundary equation of velocity distribution , wet distribution and temperature distribution , including their inner and outer boundary condition are transformed into node equations . Then, through numerical calculating, we get the value of the wet concentration, the velocity and the temperature at the node point of the grid unite . Finally , we use Matlab to design a programe and through it make the numerical calculation.
In addition, by virtue of the computer programe , this new model can also be used to simulate the heat and moisture transfer process in micro-climate under varied boundary condition of humen body , clothing and environment. And through it, we analyzed the temperature field , the wet concentration field and the overall pressure field . The rules about how the air affects the heat and wet comfort of garment is abtained . Besides the easily accessible experiment dates , we can also acquire the instant distribution of
temperature field , the vapour pressure field inside the garment air . And the instant flux of heat and mass can also be got.
引文
[1] Gagge.A.P, Burton.A. C, Bazett. H.C ,edc.A Practical System of Units for the Description of the Heat Exchange of Man With his Enviroment.Science,1941,428～430
[2] 施楣梧．关于克罗值(clo)的讨论．中国纺织大学学报，1995(1)：7～10，
[3] Woodcock. A.H.Moisture Transfer in Textile Systems:Partl. Textile Research Journal,1962.628～633
[4] 赵自立，等．织物导热系数的试验研究．纺织学报，1989(10)：17～20，
[5] 王晓东，等．接触冷感的仪器测试与穿着实验的研究．纺织学报，1991(7)：27～30
[6] 姚穆，等．论织物接触冷感，西北纺织工学院学报，1988(2)：1～7，
[7] 石巍，等．关于针织物温度传递特性的研究．纺织学报，1992(14)：11～14
[8] 王青华，等．织物热传递性能的研究．纺织学报，1984(6)：19～24
[9] Hollies. N.R.S, Goldman. R.F, Edc. Clothing Comfort. Ch. 8 .Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI,1977
[10] Ader, M.M. ,Walsh,W.K, edc. Mechanism of Transient Moisture Transfort Between Fabrics.Textile Research Journal,1984. 334～343
[11] Happer, R.J.,Jr, Bruno, J.S.,Blauchard, E.J.,Gautr-eaux, G.A.,edc.Moisture—Related Properties of Cotton—Poly-ster Blend Fabrices.Textile Rescarch Journal,1976.82～90
[12] 张渭源．织物透湿机理的研究．中国纺织大学学报，1987(1)：75～80
[13] 陈东生，等．织物透湿过程规律的研究．纺织学报，1996(1)：18～19
[14] 严灏景，等．毛织物热湿传递性能研究．纺织学报，1987(11)：5～8
[15] 张怀珠，等．薄型织物的吸水散湿性能研究．纺织学报，1994(2)：52～56
[16] Hall, J.E.,Jr ,Polte,edc. J.W. Thermal Insulation of Air Foree Clothing. Part IV, WADC Tech, Rept, 56～482, Acro Med. Lab. Wright-PattersonAFB,Dayton, Ohio,1956(10):AD99296
[17] Hall,J.E.,Jr, Polte,edc. J.W. Thermal Insulation of Air Foree Clothing. Part V, WADC Tech, Rept, 60～597,Aerospace Med.Lab.Wright-PattersonAFB,Dayton, Ohio,1956(10):AD97296
[18] 《Melliand Texiberichte》,1982(53):1～7
[19] 《纤维机械学杂志》，1982(5)：1～7
[20] 王云祥．织物热湿传递性能研究．中国纺织大学学报，1986(1)：19～25
[21] 邱冠雄．针织品热舒适性研究．纺织学报，1991(4)：17～20
[22] 刘建立．针织物动态热湿性能的研究．针织工业，1996(3)：6～8
[23] 姚穆，等．机织物热湿舒适性能与其结构参数关系的探讨．纺织学报，1987(7)：5～12
[24] 雄杰，等．薄形织物稳态湿传递性能研究．纺织学报，1995(10)：12～16
[25] 杨斌，等．织物湿传递性能研究．纺织学报，1995(10)：12～16
[26] 赵书经，等．用距离贴近度评价服装舒适性．纺织学报，1987(9)：11～13
[27] 汪学骞，等．针织物透湿性能的灰色聚类分析．纺织学报，1991(2)：12～14
[28] 汪学骞，等．织物热舒适性能的测试和灰色聚类分析．纺织学报，1987(3)：37～39
[29] B. Farnworth. Textile Research Journal[J].1983,53(12):717～725
[30] I. M. Stuart, B. V. Holcombe, edc.Textile ResearchJournal[J],1984 (3):149～157
[31] W.A. Lotens, A. M. J. Pieters, edc.Ergonomics[J].1995,38(6):1132～1155
[32] J. H. Wang, H. Yasuda, edc. Textile Research journal[J],1991,61(1):lO～20T.
[33] K. Hong, etc. al. Textile Research Journal[J].1988,58(12):697～
706J.o.Kim,etc.al.Textile Research Journal[J].1994,64(2) :112-120．
[34] Y.Li,B.V.Holcorabe,F.Apcar,etc.Textile Tesearch Journal[J].1992,62(11) :619-627
[35] John A.Wehner.et.al.Textile Tesearch Journal[J],1988,58(10) :581-592
[36] Anna M.Schneider,B.N.Hoschke,etc.Textile Research Journal[J].1992,62(2) :61-66
[37] You-Lo Hsieh.Textile Research Journal[J].1995,65(5) :299-307
[38] M.M.Adler,W.K.Walsh,etc.Textile Research Journal[J].1994,64(5) :334-343
[39] Eri Kiss.Textile Research Journal[J].1996,66(10) :660-668
[40] John A.Wehner,etc.al.Textile Research Journal[J].1987,57(5) :247-256
[41] J.C Barnes,B.V.Holcorabe.Textile Research Journal[J].1996,66 (12) :777-786
[42] Philip Gibson.Textile Research Journal[J].1999,69(5) :143-156
[43] G.Berton,D.Sigli.Textile Research Journal[J].1999,69(5) :318-324
[44] L.D.M.Van,Den Brekel.Textile Research Journal[J].1989,59(8) :433-440
[45] M.Cheikhrouhou,D.Sigli.Textile Research Journal[J].1988,58(7) :371-351
[46] S.A.Ariadurai,P.Potluri.Textile Research Journal[J].1999,69 (5) :345-351
[47] I.M.Stuart,E.F.Denby.Textile Research Journal[J].1983,53 (12) :655-660
[48] X.Berger.International of Ambient Energy[J].1988,9(1) ;37-46
[49] W.A.Lotens,G.Havenith.Ergonomics[J].1991,34(2) :233-254
[50] Y. Li, B.V. Textile Research Journal[J].1996,66(9):587～594
[51] 严灏景，等．毛织物热湿传递性能研究．纺织学报，1987(11)：5～8
[52] J.P．霍尔曼著，马庆芳等译．传热学．人民教育出版社，1980
[53] 张熙民，等．传热学．中国建筑工业出版社，1985
[54] 汪学骞，等．服装湿热舒适性能机理探讨．纺织学报，1986(7)：28～31
[55] Advances in Heat Transfer.Vol. 8, Academic Press,1972
[56] C.V. Le,N.G. Ly. Heat and Moisure Transfer in Textile Assemblies. Part I: Steaming of Wool, Cotton, Nylon, and Polyester Fabrie Beds, Textile Research Journal,1995(4):203～212
[57] A. Steinfeld, I. Segal. A Simulation Model for Solar Thin-Layer Dying Process,.Dying Technology,1986,535～544
[58] R.B. Keey. Dying Principles and Practice,. Pergamon Press. Oxford. New York:Toronro, Sydney, Braunschwei,1972
[59] 严家禄，工程热力学．高等教育出版社，1981，12
[60] 郁履方，等．纺织厂空气调节．纺织工业出版社，1990，6
[61] 郭宽良．数值计算传热学．安徽科学技术出版社，1987，5
[62] 俞昌铭．热传导数值分析．清华大学出版社，1981
[2] 施楣梧．关于克罗值(clo)的讨论．中国纺织大学学报，1995(1)：7～10，
[3] Woodcock. A.H.Moisture Transfer in Textile Systems:Partl. Textile Research Journal,1962.628～633
[4] 赵自立，等．织物导热系数的试验研究．纺织学报，1989(10)：17～20，
[5] 王晓东，等．接触冷感的仪器测试与穿着实验的研究．纺织学报，1991(7)：27～30
[6] 姚穆，等．论织物接触冷感，西北纺织工学院学报，1988(2)：1～7，
[7] 石巍，等．关于针织物温度传递特性的研究．纺织学报，1992(14)：11～14
[8] 王青华，等．织物热传递性能的研究．纺织学报，1984(6)：19～24
[9] Hollies. N.R.S, Goldman. R.F, Edc. Clothing Comfort. Ch. 8 .Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI,1977
[10] Ader, M.M. ,Walsh,W.K, edc. Mechanism of Transient Moisture Transfort Between Fabrics.Textile Research Journal,1984. 334～343
[11] Happer, R.J.,Jr, Bruno, J.S.,Blauchard, E.J.,Gautr-eaux, G.A.,edc.Moisture—Related Properties of Cotton—Poly-ster Blend Fabrices.Textile Rescarch Journal,1976.82～90
[12] 张渭源．织物透湿机理的研究．中国纺织大学学报，1987(1)：75～80
[13] 陈东生，等．织物透湿过程规律的研究．纺织学报，1996(1)：18～19
[14] 严灏景，等．毛织物热湿传递性能研究．纺织学报，1987(11)：5～8
[15] 张怀珠，等．薄型织物的吸水散湿性能研究．纺织学报，1994(2)：52～56
[16] Hall, J.E.,Jr ,Polte,edc. J.W. Thermal Insulation of Air Foree Clothing. Part IV, WADC Tech, Rept, 56～482, Acro Med. Lab. Wright-PattersonAFB,Dayton, Ohio,1956(10):AD99296
[17] Hall,J.E.,Jr, Polte,edc. J.W. Thermal Insulation of Air Foree Clothing. Part V, WADC Tech, Rept, 60～597,Aerospace Med.Lab.Wright-PattersonAFB,Dayton, Ohio,1956(10):AD97296
[18] 《Melliand Texiberichte》,1982(53):1～7
[19] 《纤维机械学杂志》，1982(5)：1～7
[20] 王云祥．织物热湿传递性能研究．中国纺织大学学报，1986(1)：19～25
[21] 邱冠雄．针织品热舒适性研究．纺织学报，1991(4)：17～20
[22] 刘建立．针织物动态热湿性能的研究．针织工业，1996(3)：6～8
[23] 姚穆，等．机织物热湿舒适性能与其结构参数关系的探讨．纺织学报，1987(7)：5～12
[24] 雄杰，等．薄形织物稳态湿传递性能研究．纺织学报，1995(10)：12～16
[25] 杨斌，等．织物湿传递性能研究．纺织学报，1995(10)：12～16
[26] 赵书经，等．用距离贴近度评价服装舒适性．纺织学报，1987(9)：11～13
[27] 汪学骞，等．针织物透湿性能的灰色聚类分析．纺织学报，1991(2)：12～14
[28] 汪学骞，等．织物热舒适性能的测试和灰色聚类分析．纺织学报，1987(3)：37～39
[29] B. Farnworth. Textile Research Journal[J].1983,53(12):717～725
[30] I. M. Stuart, B. V. Holcombe, edc.Textile ResearchJournal[J],1984 (3):149～157
[31] W.A. Lotens, A. M. J. Pieters, edc.Ergonomics[J].1995,38(6):1132～1155
[32] J. H. Wang, H. Yasuda, edc. Textile Research journal[J],1991,61(1):lO～20T.
[33] K. Hong, etc. al. Textile Research Journal[J].1988,58(12):697～
706J.o.Kim,etc.al.Textile Research Journal[J].1994,64(2) :112-120．
[34] Y.Li,B.V.Holcorabe,F.Apcar,etc.Textile Tesearch Journal[J].1992,62(11) :619-627
[35] John A.Wehner.et.al.Textile Tesearch Journal[J],1988,58(10) :581-592
[36] Anna M.Schneider,B.N.Hoschke,etc.Textile Research Journal[J].1992,62(2) :61-66
[37] You-Lo Hsieh.Textile Research Journal[J].1995,65(5) :299-307
[38] M.M.Adler,W.K.Walsh,etc.Textile Research Journal[J].1994,64(5) :334-343
[39] Eri Kiss.Textile Research Journal[J].1996,66(10) :660-668
[40] John A.Wehner,etc.al.Textile Research Journal[J].1987,57(5) :247-256
[41] J.C Barnes,B.V.Holcorabe.Textile Research Journal[J].1996,66 (12) :777-786
[42] Philip Gibson.Textile Research Journal[J].1999,69(5) :143-156
[43] G.Berton,D.Sigli.Textile Research Journal[J].1999,69(5) :318-324
[44] L.D.M.Van,Den Brekel.Textile Research Journal[J].1989,59(8) :433-440
[45] M.Cheikhrouhou,D.Sigli.Textile Research Journal[J].1988,58(7) :371-351
[46] S.A.Ariadurai,P.Potluri.Textile Research Journal[J].1999,69 (5) :345-351
[47] I.M.Stuart,E.F.Denby.Textile Research Journal[J].1983,53 (12) :655-660
[48] X.Berger.International of Ambient Energy[J].1988,9(1) ;37-46
[49] W.A.Lotens,G.Havenith.Ergonomics[J].1991,34(2) :233-254
[50] Y. Li, B.V. Textile Research Journal[J].1996,66(9):587～594
[51] 严灏景，等．毛织物热湿传递性能研究．纺织学报，1987(11)：5～8
[52] J.P．霍尔曼著，马庆芳等译．传热学．人民教育出版社，1980
[53] 张熙民，等．传热学．中国建筑工业出版社，1985
[54] 汪学骞，等．服装湿热舒适性能机理探讨．纺织学报，1986(7)：28～31
[55] Advances in Heat Transfer.Vol. 8, Academic Press,1972
[56] C.V. Le,N.G. Ly. Heat and Moisure Transfer in Textile Assemblies. Part I: Steaming of Wool, Cotton, Nylon, and Polyester Fabrie Beds, Textile Research Journal,1995(4):203～212
[57] A. Steinfeld, I. Segal. A Simulation Model for Solar Thin-Layer Dying Process,.Dying Technology,1986,535～544
[58] R.B. Keey. Dying Principles and Practice,. Pergamon Press. Oxford. New York:Toronro, Sydney, Braunschwei,1972
[59] 严家禄，工程热力学．高等教育出版社，1981，12
[60] 郁履方，等．纺织厂空气调节．纺织工业出版社，1990，6
[61] 郭宽良．数值计算传热学．安徽科学技术出版社，1987，5
[62] 俞昌铭．热传导数值分析．清华大学出版社，1981
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