用户名: 密码: 验证码:
B型烟粉虱为害后烟草的生理响应
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
B型烟粉虱是一种世界性的入侵害虫。该虫自入侵我国后,已在局部烟区爆发成灾,并且成为了烟草上的重要害虫。B型烟粉虱为害能够造成多种的寄主生理紊乱,如西葫芦银叶,莴苣叶茎变白,部分观赏植物叶片失绿等现象,并引起某些植物光合速率的下降。而我们的前期研究发现B型烟粉虱为害后烟草叶片出现明显的白脉现象,并对烟草的生长发育产生明显不利影响。同时发现,B型烟粉虱为害造成烟草叶片中防御酶活性增加,诱导了烟草防御的水杨酸信号途径,而抑制了茉莉酸信号途径。本文在上述研究的基础上,深入研究了B型烟粉虱为害烟草后对光合作用的影响和机制,通过测定诱导的烟草植株韧皮部汁液中相关防御物质的变化,探讨B型烟粉虱取食后烟草生理生化变化在对蚜虫等其它刺吸式口器昆虫抗虫性中的的作用。本文对于阐明B型烟粉虱对烟草的为害机制,科学评价其生态风险性具有重要的理论意义。本研究主要结果如下:
     1.B型烟粉虱若虫为害对烟草叶片光合作用造成不利影响,并具有明显的空间和时间效应。随着B型烟粉虱若虫为害时间的推移,虫体叶光合速率呈现逐渐降低的趋势,在B型烟粉虱取食15d,20d时相对于对照明显降低了38.22%和54.28%;而系统白脉叶的光合速率呈现先降低后升高的趋势,在烟粉虱若虫取食15d和20d时相对于对照明显降低了40.98%和18.48%,表明B型烟粉虱为害不仅对虫体叶的光合作用造成不利影响,而系统白脉叶的光合作用同样受到抑制。B型烟粉虱为害烟草10d后才对烟草叶片的光合作用造成影响,表明B型烟粉虱为害对烟草光合作用的影响具有时间效应。B型烟粉虱为害后烟草叶片叶绿素a,b和类胡萝卜含量降低,尤其是是叶绿素a在空间和时间上降低最为明显。
     2.B型烟粉虱取食对烟草光系统Ⅱ(PS Ⅱ)结构和功能造成了不利影响,进而影响烟草的光合效率。植物的光系统Ⅱ是植物光合机构中对环境变化最敏感的部位,也是光合作用的重要部位,与植物光合作用过程中光能的吸收、转换和光合电子传递的有关。B型烟粉虱为害烟草后虫体叶和系统白脉叶的单位面积反应中心数量(RC/CS)均明显降低,而PS Ⅱ反应中心的关闭程度(1-qP)却明显升高,同时使供体侧的放氧复合体(OEC)受到严重的伤害,对光系统Ⅱ的结构造成较大伤害。PS Ⅱ反应中心的失活和关闭限制了PS Ⅱ的电子向下游的传递速率,使PS Ⅱ吸收的光能转变成化学能的比例降低。同时B型烟粉虱为害使烟草PS Ⅱ电子传递受到抑制,这些电子传递中受抑制的位点包括了放氧复合体和QA到QB间的电子传递过程。B型烟粉虱为害影响了烟草虫体叶和系统白脉叶光系统的能量流动,B型烟粉虱为害导致虫体叶和系统白脉叶热耗散掉的能量(DIo/RC)的增加和能量利用效率(φpo,Ψo和qφE0)下降,导致过剩激发能增加,活性氧过氧化氢积累增加,并且这种影响具有明显的系统传导性,可能与B型烟粉虱诱导烟草的SA信号途径防御反应有关。
     3.通过SDS-PAGE电泳发现,B型烟粉虱3龄若虫为害烟草后,白脉叶相对于对照有9种蛋白被诱导上调表达,其中4种蛋白是特异性表达,而其它5种蛋白被诱导上调;而虫体叶中只有两种蛋白被诱导上调。这表明B型烟粉虱可能诱导了相关的防御酶的表达,并且在白脉叶上较虫体叶被诱导表达更强烈。
     4.通过测定烟草韧皮部汁液中防御物质,明确了B型烟粉虱为害后烟草韧皮部汁液中相关防御蛋白以及酚类物质的时空变化。B型烟粉虱为害后虫体叶位和系统白脉叶位韧皮部汁液中多酚氧化酶(PPO),β-1,3-葡聚糖酶,几丁质酶的活性均较对照明显增加,但是在系统白脉叶位的升高幅度明显高于虫体叶位,特别是在15d和20d的时候。B型烟粉虱为害后韧皮部汁液的过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)在虫体叶的升高幅度明显高于系统白脉叶位。过氧化氢酶(CAT)在系统白脉叶位韧皮部汁液被B型烟粉虱取食诱导增加,而在虫体叶位中却被抑制。虫体叶韧皮部汁液中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和总酚含量与对照相比没有明显差异,在系统白脉叶中也只是在B型烟粉虱为害20d,25d时才有一定的差异。由此结合前期的蚜虫生测试验分析,发现B型烟粉虱为害后诱导烟草韧皮部汁液中PPO,β-1-3-葡聚糖酶,几丁质酶及CAT与烟草对烟蚜的防御有一定的关系。而抗坏血酸过氧化物酶与酚类物质与烟草防御烟蚜的关系不大。
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B is a worldwide invasive pest. It has been a key pest of tobacco, and broke out in parts of tobacco-growing areas when it invades in China. B. tabaci biotype B feeding cause plant systemic or physiological disorders include silverleaf of squash, stem blanching of lettuce, white streaking of Brassica, and chlorosis of new foliage in numerous ornamental plants. Furthermore B. tabaci biotype B feeding caused reduction of net photosynthetic rate. Our previous studies showed that the feeding of B. tabaci biotype B directly inhibited the growth of tobacco and induced obviously white vein of tobacco leaves. It is indicated that the physiological response of tobacco was affected by B. tabaci biotype B. Photosynthesis is the most basic the physiological response of the plant. However, the influence mechanism of B. tabaci biotype B on the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) is also unknown. Meanwhile, the feeding of B. tabaci biotype B caused increase the activity of defense enzymes of tobacco leaves。Furthermore B. tabaci biotype B induces salicylic acid defenses and suppresses effectual jasmonic acid defenses. According to the above study results, we chose the model plant-tobacco as the host plant to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B-biotype infestation on photosynthesis of tobacco plants. We also studied the temporal and spatial change of defense enzyme of phloem sap of tobacco plants induced by B. tabaci biotype B. We discussed the role of physiological and biochemical response of plants in the defense responses to other phloem feeder of tobacco plants induced by B. tabaci biotype B. This research had important academic meaning for showing the damage mechanism of B. tabaci biotype B to tobacco plants and scientifically assessing the ecological risk of B. tabaci biotype B. Major results as follows:
     1. There was temporal and spatial disadvantaged influence on photosynthesis of tobacco plants damaged by B. tabaci biotype B. While net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in infested leaves exhibited a dramatic decrease as time progressed, especially on15d and20d, the decrease was38.22%and54.2%; The Pn in systemic leaves of treatment displayed a decrease first and then an increase, but the level decreased by41.0%and18.5%than the control on15d and20d, respectively. This indicated that the inhibition to the photosynthesis caused by B. tabaci infestation is not only in the infested leaves, but also in the systemic leaves. The photosynthesis of tobacco leaves was affected only10days after B. tabaci infestation. The results show that the adverse effect of photosynthesis caused by B. tabaci infestation with time effect. B. tabaci infestation altered the content of chlorophyll, especially the chlorophyll a.
     2. B. tabaci infestation damaged the photosystem II (PS II) of tobacco leaves. Photosystem II is an important part of the photosynthese. It is the most sensitive part of photosynthetic apparatus to environmental change. The PS II is associated with the energy of light, absorption, energy conversion, electron transfer. B. tabaci infestation reduced the density of active reaction centers per excited cross-section (RC/CS) both in infested and systemic leaves (P<0.05). B. tabaci infestation caused the closure degree of the PS II reaction centers (1-qP) increase in infested and systemic leaves. B. tabaci infestation severely damaged the oxygenevolving complex (OEC). This indicated the structure of photosystem II was damaged. The reaction centers were damaged which decrease the rate of electron transporting. The inhibited points of the electron transporting included the OEC and the electron transporting from Qa to QB.Energy flux of PS Ⅱ was also affected by the B. tabaci infestation. B. tabaci infestation increased the energy dissipation per active reaction centers (DIo/RC) and decreased the energy utilization efficiency (cppo, Ψo and φpEo). It increased the excess excitation energy and the production of ROS, which could improve the salicylic acid defenses induced by B. tabaci. The effects caused by B. tabaci in tobacco leaves were systematically conductive.
     3. The proteins of tobacco leaves were assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The3rd instars of B. tabaci biotype B feeding induced the expression of nine proteins increase in systemic leaves. Four proteins of these were specific induced; and five of them were just induced. In infested leaves, there were only two proteins were just induced
     4. We investigated the temporal and spatial change of main defense enzyme activity and nutrition content of phloem sap of tobacco plants infested by B. tabaci. The phloem was the feeding sites for the phloem feeder. There are many proteins and secondary metabolisms that are related to defense response in the phloem sap. There was difference between the changes of the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), β-1-3-glucanase and chitinase of phloem sap in local and systemic leaves. However, the increase rate of their activity of phloem sap in local leaves was lower than that in systemic leaves. The increase rate of their activity of peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) of phloem sap in systemic leaves was lower than that in local leaves. The activity of catalase (CAT) of phloem sap in systemic leaves was induced increase by B. tabaci infestation, however, in local leaves it decreased. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and content of total phenol of phloem sap were not significantly changed by B. tabaci infestation in local leaves, which rarely increased in systemic leaves on20d and25d. This indicated that PPO, β-1-3-glucanase, chitinase and CAT of phloem sap are related to the defense response of tobacco plant to aphid.
引文
毕明娟.B型烟粉虱诱导的烟草防御信号途径及B型烟粉虱和烟蚜对烟草防御反应的生理适应性差异.[D].2010.山东农业大学博士学位论文.
    部建雯,姚广,高辉远,贾裕娇,张立涛,程丹丹,王鑫.核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary)侵染抑制黄瓜光合作用的机理.植物病理学报,2009,(006):613-621.
    常燕.烟粉虱对蔬菜品质的影响及光周期对种群增长的影响.[D].2005.扬州大学硕士学位论文.
    陈根云,俞冠路,陈悦,许大全.光合作用对光和二氧化碳响应的观测方法探讨.植物生理与分子生物学学报,2006,32(6):691-696.
    陈建明,俞晓平,陈俊伟,吕仲贤,程家安,陶林勇,郑许松,徐红星.水稻植株光合作用能力的变化与其抗白背飞虱的关系.核农学报,2003b,17(6):423-426.
    陈建明,俞晓平,葛秀春,吕仲贤,程家安,颜红岚,刘光杰,郑许松,陶林勇,孔令军.水稻植株防御白背飞虱为害的某些生理反应.中国水稻科学,2000,14(1):43-47.
    陈建明,俞晓平,吕仲贤,郑许松,徐红星,程家安,刘光杰.水稻品种对白背飞虱的耐虫性反应及稻株营养成分的变化.应用生态学报,2003a,14(012):2246-2250.
    陈建明.水稻品种对褐飞虱为害的耐性及其生理机制研究[D].2004.浙江大学博士学位论文.
    丁锦华,都健.褐飞虱危害后稻株中游离氨基酸的变化.南京农业大学学报,1990,13(5):125-128.
    方允中,李文杰.生物体内自由基的产生和清除.自由基与酶:基础理论及其在生物学和医学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社.1989.
    桂连友,刘树生,陈宗懋.外源茉莉酸和茉莉酸甲酯诱导植物抗虫作用及其机理.昆虫学报,2004,47(4):507-514.
    郭兴启,李向东,朱汉城,朱常香.马铃薯Y病毒的侵染对烟草叶片光合作用的影响.植物病理学报,2000,30(1):94-95.
    韩锦峰.烟草栽培生理[M].中国农业出版社.2003.
    贾贞,马银山,毛学文,兰小平.植物的虫害反应与抗虫机制研究进展.河西学院学报,2005,21(005):53-55.
    康乐.植物对昆虫的化学防御.植物学通报,1995,12(4):22-27.
    李丛民.植物多酚对烟草制品品质的影响.烟草科技,2000,(001):27-28.
    李合生,孙群,赵世杰,章文华.植物生理生化实验技术原理[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2000,248-250.
    李靖,利容千,袁文静.黄瓜感染霜霉病菌叶片中一些酶活性的变化.植物病理学报,1991,21(4):277-283.
    李鹏民,高辉远,Strasser, R. J.快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学分析在光合作用研究中的应用.植物生理与分子生物学学报,2005,31(6):559-566.
    李庆,叶华智,杨群芳,蒋素蓉.小麦近缘野生植物营养水平与抗禾谷缢管蚜的关系.西南农业大学学报,2004,26(3):348-351.
    李庆亮.B型烟粉虱为害对烟草生理生化的影响及其诱导的防御反应.[D].2009.山东农业大学硕士学位论文.
    李润植,毛雪.棉花诱导抗蚜性与次生代谢相关酶活性的关系.山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,1998,18(2):165-168.
    李伟,陈伟,熊涛.几种化学物质对油菜叶片p-1,3-葡聚糖酶的活性诱导.中国农学通报,2010,26(17):194-196.
    梁军生,陈晓鸣,王健敏,刘娟,杨子祥,陈航.受小蠹虫不同阶段为害的云南松光合生理反应分析.林业科学研究,2009,22(003):407-412.
    刘兴平,戈峰,陈春平,王国红,李镇宇.我国松树诱导抗虫性研究进展.林业科学,2003,11.
    娄永根,周光召.水稻挥发物在稻虱缨小蜂寄主选择行为中的作用:挥发物的分离,鉴定及一些活性组分的确定.面向21世纪的科技进步与社会经济发展(下册).1999.
    罗晨,姚远.利用mtDNACO I基因序列鉴定我国烟粉虱的生物型.昆虫学报,2002,45(006):759-763.
    孟玲,李保平.新疆棉花栽培品种对棉蚜抗性及其机制的研究.中国棉花,1999,26(002):8-10.
    钦俊德.昆虫与植物的关系[M].科学出版社.1987.
    秦焕菊,张怀保,王桂芬.烟草次生物质—烟碱对烟蚜影响的研究.中国烟草学报,1997,3(3):53-57.
    史益敏.p-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的测定.中国科学院上海植物生理研究所.现代植物生理学指南[M].北京:科学出版社.1999a,128-129.
    史益敏.几丁质酶活性的测定.中国科学院上海植物生理研究所.现代植物生理学指南[M].北京:科学出版社.1999b,130-132.
    孙亚萍.烟粉虱为害对番茄品质及生理生化的影响[D].2008.扬州大学硕士学位论文.
    王承香,薛明,毕明娟,李庆亮,胡海燕.B型烟粉虱取食诱导烟草对烟蚜防御反应的时间效应.昆虫学报,2010,(03):314-322.
    王海波,金沙.蚕豆叶片几丁质酶的抗虫性研究.复旦学报:自然科学版.1994,33(003):348-352.
    王洪涛,薛明,李庆亮,张晓,周方园.B型烟粉虱取食诱导的烟草对斜纹夜蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响及机制探讨.中国农业科学,2011,44(022):4600-4609.
    王洪涛.B型烟粉虱取食诱导的烟草对斜纹夜蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响及机制[D].2011.山东农业大学博士学位论文.
    王廷璞,马静静,赵菲佚.p-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶在农作物病虫害防治中的研究进展.安徽农业科学,2010,38(26):14417-14419.
    吴龙火,李庆,杨群芳,王海建.禾谷缢管蚜取食5种山羊草的诱导抗性.中国农业科学,2008,41(1):102-107.
    谢春艳,宾金华.多酚氧化酶及其生理功能.生物学通报,1999,34,(006):11-13.
    薛应龙.植物生理实验手册[M].上海:上海科技出敝社.1985,537-538.
    杨雪彦,燕新华,周晓彬.不同杨树营养物对黄斑星天牛抗性的研究.西北林学院学报,1992,7(3):26-33.
    张春光,荆红梅,郑海雷,赵中秋.水杨酸诱导植物抗性的研究进展.生命科学研究.2009,(21):185-189.
    张帆.2009.棉花防御与烟粉虱反防御的交互作用[D].新疆农业大学硕士学位论文.
    张慧杰,段国琪,张战备,刘珍,梁哲军,张冬梅.西葫芦银叶病叶片的光合生理与解剖学特征.植物病理学报,2006,35(4):327-332.
    张金锋,薛庆中.稻飞虱为害胁迫对水稻植株内主要保护酶活性的影响.中国农业科学,2004,37(10):1487-1491.
    张军,杨庆凯,王守义,王淑荣,王洪武.大豆抗SCN3过程中总酚含量动态分析.大豆科学,2002,21(1):71-74.
    张瑛,严福顺.虫害诱导的植物挥发性次生物质及其在植物防御中的作用.昆虫学报,1998,41(2):204-214.
    周福才,陈国庆.小麦麦株内可溶性糖与抗禾谷缢管蚜的关系.江苏农业研究,1999,20(002):60-63.
    祝传书.蚜虫取食诱导小麦抗性的分子机制及对蚜虫行为的影响[D].2005.西北农林科技大学博士学位论文.
    Alagar, M., Suresh, S., Samiyappan, R., Saravanakumar, D. Reaction of resistant and susceptible rice genotypes against brown planthopper(Nilaparvata lugens). Phytoparasitica,2007,35(4):346-356.
    Aldea, M., Hamilton, J. G., Resti, J. P., Zangerl, A. R., Berenbaum, M. R., D eLUCIA, E. Indirect effects of insect herbivory on leaf gas exchange in soybean. Plant, Cell and Environment,2005,28(3):402-411.
    Allen, J., Ginde, S., Choi, J., Diemer, T., Held Hales, K., Hales, D. B. Reactive oxygen disrupts mitochondria in Leydig cells and inhibits steroidogenesis. Biol Reprod,2000,63: 338.
    Allison, S. D., Schultz, J. C. Differential activity of peroxidase isozymes in response to wounding, gypsy moth, and plant hormones in northern red oak(Ouercus rubra L.). Journal of Chemical Ecology,.2004,30(7):1363-1379.
    Andrews, J. R., Fryer, M. J., Baker, N. R. Characterization of chilling effects on photosynthetic performance of maize crops during early season growth using chlorophyll fluorescence. Journal of Experimental Botany,1995,46 (9):1195-1203.
    Appenroth, K. J., Stockel, J., Srivastava, A., Strasser, R. Multiple effects of chromate on the photosynthetic apparatus of Spirodela polyrhiza as probed by OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements. Environmental Pollution,2001a,115 (1):49-64.
    Ary, M. B., Richardson, M., Shewry, P. R. Purification and characterization of an insect [alpha]-amylase inhibitor/endochitinase from seeds of Job's Tears (Coix lachryma-jobi). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology, 1989,999 (3):260-266.
    Asada, K. The water-water cycle in chloroplasts:scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons. Annual review of plant biology,1999,50 (1):601-639.
    Asselbergh, B., Achuo, A. E., Hofte, M., Van Gijsegem, F. Abscisic acid deficiency leads to rapid activation of tomato defence responses upon infection with Erwinia chrysanthemi. Molecular plant pathology,2008,9 (1):11-24.
    Baker, N. R. A possible role for photosystem Ⅱ in environmental perturbations of photosynthesis. Physiologia Plantarum,1991,81 (4):563-570.
    Balachandran, S., Xiang, Y., Schobert, C., Thompson, G. A., Lucas, W. J. Phloem sap proteins from Cucurbita maxima and Ricinus communis have the capacity to traffic cell to cell through plasmodesmata. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1997, 94(25):14150-14155.
    Baldwin, I. T. Damage-induced alkaloids in tobacco:pot-bound plants are not inducible. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1988,14 (4):1113-1120.
    Baldwin, I. T. Inducible nicotine production in native Nicotiana as an example of adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1999,25 (1):3-30.
    Baldwin, I. T., Schmelz, E. A., Ohnmeiss, T. E. Wound-induced changes in root and shoot jasmonic acid pools correlate with induced nicotine synthesis in Nicotiana sylvestris spegazzini and comes. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1994,20 (8):2139-2157.
    Belefant-Miller, H., Porter, D. R., Pierce, M. L., Mort, A. J. An early indicator of resistance in barley to Russian wheat aphid. Plant Physiology,1994,105 (4):1289-1294.
    Bhonwong, A., Stout, M. J., Attajarusit, J., Tantasawat, P. Defensive role of tomato polyphenol oxidases against cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua). Journal of Chemical Ecology,2009,35 (1):28-38.
    Bi, J., Felton, G. Foliar oxidative stress and insect herbivory:primary compounds, secondary metabolites, and reactive oxygen species as components of induced resistance. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1995,21 (10):1511-1530.
    Bilgin, D. D., Zavala, J. A., Zhu, J., Clough, S. J., Ort, D. R., Delucia, E. Biotic stress globally downregulates photosynthesis genes. Plant, Cell and Environment,2010,33 (10):1597-1613.
    Bjorkman, O., Demmig, B. Photon yield of O2 evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at 77 K among vascular plants of diverse origins. Planta,1987,170 (4): 489-504.
    Blackmer, J., Byrne, D. Changes in amino acids in Cucumis melo in relation to life-history traits and flight propensity of Bemisia tabaci. Entomologia Experimental et Applicata, 1999a,93(1):29-40.
    Blackmer, T. M., Riedell, W. E. Leaf reflectance spectra of cereal aphid-damaged wheat. Crop Science,1999b,39 (6):1835-1840.
    Blanco, L. R., Adamson, H. Y., Hales, D. F. Chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics as a measure of stress in plants infested with aphids-implications for studies of resistance. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society,1992,31 (3):222.
    Bolhar-Nordenkampf, H., Long, S., Baker, N., Oquist, G., Schreiber, U., Lechner, E. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a probe of the photosynthetic competence of leaves in the field:a review of current instrumentation. Functional Ecology,1989,3:497-514.
    Bortolotti, C., Murillo, I., Fontanet, P.. Coca, M.. San Segundo, B. Long-distance transport of the maize pathogenesis-related PRms protein through the phloem in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Science,2005,168 (3):813-821.
    Botha, A. M., Lacock, L., Van Niekerk, C., Matsioloko, M. T., Du Preez, F. B., Loots, S., Venter, E., Kunert, K. J., Cullis, C. A. Is photosynthetic transcriptional regulation in Triticum aestivum L. cv.'TugelaDN'a contributing factor for tolerance to Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera:Aphididae)? Plant cell reports,2006,25 (1):41-54.
    Botha, A. M., Li, Y. C., Lapitan, N. L. V. Cereal host interactions with Russian wheat aphid: A review. Journal of Plant Interactions,2005,1 (4):211-222.
    Bounfour, M., Tanigoshi, L. K., Chen, C., Cameron, S. J., Klauer, S. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence in red raspberry leaves infested with Tetranychus urticae and Eotetranychus carpini borealis (Acari:Tetranychidae). Environmental Entomology, 2002,31 (2):215-220.
    Bowles, D. J. Defense-related proteins in higher plants. Annual review of biochemistry.1990, 59(1):873-907.
    Broekgaarden, C., POELMAN. E. H., Steenhuis, G., VOORRIPS, R. E., Dicke, M., Vosman, B. Responses of Brassica oleracea cultivars to infestation by the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae:an ecological and molecular approach. Plant, Cell and Environment,2008,31 (11):1592-1605.
    Bueno, A. F., Bueno, R. C. O. F., Nabity, P. D., Higley, L. G., Fernandes, O. A. Photosynthetic response of soybean to two spotted spider mite(Acari:Tetranychydae) injury. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology,2009,52 (4):825-834.
    Buntin, D. G., Gilbertz. D. A., Oetting, R. D. Chlorophyll loss and gas exchange in tomato leaves after feeding injury by Bemisia tabaci(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae). Journal of Economic Entomology,1993,86 (2):517-522.
    Burd, J. D., Burton, R. L. Characterization of plant damage caused by Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera:Aphididae). Journal of Economic Entomology,1992,85 (5):2017-2022.
    Burd, J. D., Elliott, N. C. Changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics in cereals infested with Russian wheat aphid(Homopetra:Aphididea). Journal of Economic Entomology,1996,89(5):1332-1337.
    Bussotti, F., Desotgiu, R., Cascio, C., Strasser, R. J., Gerosa, G., Marzuoli, R. Photosynthesis responses to ozone in young trees of three species with different sensitivities, in a 2-year open-top chamber experiment (Curno, Italy). Physiologia Plantarum,2007, 130(1):122-135.
    Chaman, M. E., Copaja, S. V., Argandona, V. H. Relationships between salicylic acid content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, and resistance of barley to aphid infestation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2003,51 (8):2227-2231.
    Chaman, M. E., Corcuera, L. J., Zuniga, G. E., Cardemil, L., Argandona, V. H. Induction of soluble and cell wall peroxidases by aphid infestation in barley. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2001,49 (5):2249-2253.
    Chance, D. S., Wu, S. M., McIntosh, M. K. Inverse relationship between peroxisomal and mitochondrial β-oxidation in HepG2 cells treated with dehydroepiandrosterone and clofibric acid. Royal Society of Medicine,1995,208:378-384:
    Chen, H., Wilkerson, C. G., Kuchar, J. A., Phinney, B. S., Howe, G. A. Jasmonate-inducible plant enzymes degrade essential amino acids in the herbivore midgut. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2005,102 (52): 19237-19242.
    Chen, J., McAuslane, H. J., Carle, R. B., Webb, S. E. Impact of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera:Auchenorrhyncha:Aleyrodidae) infestation and squash silverleaf disorder on zucchini yield and quality. Journal of Economic Entomology,2004,97 (6): 2083-2094.
    Chen, M. S. Inducible direct plant defense against insect herbivores:a review. Insect Science, 2008,15(2):101-114.
    Chen, W., Zhou, Q., Li, X., He, G. Physiological responses of different rice cultivars under herbivore stress. Acta Ecologica Sinica,.2006,26 (7):2161-2166.
    Chen, Z., Silva, H., Klessig, D. F. Active oxygen species in the induction of plant systemic acquired resistance by salicylic acid. Science,1993,262 (5141):1883-1886.
    Chittoor, J. M., Leach, J. E., White, F. F. Induction of peroxidase during defense against pathogens. Pathogenesis-r-elatedproteins in plants,1999,171-193.
    Christen, D., Schonmann, S., Jermini, M., Strasser, R. J., Defago, G. Characterization and early detection of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) stress responses to esca disease by in situ chlorophyll fluorescence and comparison with drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany,.2007,60 (3):504-514.
    Cipollini, M. L., Levey, D. J. Secondary metabolites of fleshy vertebrate-dispersed fruits: adaptive hypotheses and implications for seed dispersal. The American Naturalist,.1997, 150 (3):346-372.
    Constabel, C. P., Bergey, D. R., Ryan, C. A. Systemin activates synthesis of wound-inducible tomato leaf polyphenol oxidase via the octadecanoid defense signaling pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1995,92 (2):407-411.
    Cosgrove, D. J. Growth of the plant cell wall. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology,2005, 6 (11):850-861.
    Costa, H., Ullman, D., Johnson, M., Tabashnik, B. Association between Bemisia tabaci density and reduced growth, yellowing, and stem blanching of lettuce and kai choy. Plant Disease,1993,77(10):969-972.
    De Ronde, J., Cress, W., Kruger, G., Strasser, R., Van Staden, J. Photosynthetic response of transgenic soybean plants, containing an Arabidopsis P5CR gene, during heat and drought stress. Journal of Plant Physiology,2004,161 (11):1211-1224.
    de Vos, M., Kim, J. H., Jander, G. Biochemistry and molecular biology of Arabidopsis-aphid interactions. Bioessays,2007,29 (9):871-883.
    Delatte, H., Reynaud, B., Granier, M., Thornary, L., Lett, J., Goldbach, R., Peterschmitt, M. A new silverleaf-inducing biotype Ms of Bemisia tabaci(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) indigenous to the islands of the south-west Indian Ocean. Bulletin of Entomological Research,2005,95 (01):29-35.
    Devlin, T. M. Textbook of biochemistry:Wiley-Liss New York.1992.
    Dillwith, J. W., Berberet, R. C., Bergman, D. K., Neese, P. A., Edwards, R. M., McNew, R. W. Plant biochemistry and aphid populations:studies on the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology,1991,17 (4): 235-251.
    Divol, F., Vilaine, F., Thibivilliers, S., Amselem, J., Palauqui, J. C., Kusiak, C., Dinant, S. Systemic response to aphid infestation by Myzus persicae in the phloem of Apium graveolens. Plant Molecular Biology,2005,57 (4):517-540.
    Dowd, P. F., Lagrimini, L. M. Examination of the biological effects of high anionic peroxidase production in tobacco plants grown under field conditions. I. Insect pest damage. Transgenic Research,2006,15 (2):197-204.
    Duffey, S. S., Felton, G. W. Enzymatic antinutritive defenses of the tomato plant against insects. Naturally occurring pest bioregulators. American Chemical society, Washington, DC.1991,166-197.
    Duffey, S. S., Stout, M. J. Antinutritive and toxic components of plant defense against insects. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology,1996,32 (1):3-37.
    Durner, J., Klessig, D. F. Inhibition of ascorbate peroxidase by salicylic acid and 2, 6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, two inducers of plant defense responses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1995,92 (24):11312-11316.
    Elisabetta, G., Filippo, B., Reto, J. S., Marcus, S., Kristopher, N., John, S., Corrado, T. Ozone symptoms in leaves of woody plants in open-top chambers:ultrastructural and physiological characteristics. Physiologia Plantarum,2004,121 (4):620-633.
    Estrada-Hernandez, M. G., Valenzuela-Soto, J. H., Ibarra-Laclette, E., Delano-Frier, J. P. Differential gene expression in whitefly Bemisia tabaci-infested tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants at progressing developmental stages of the insect's life cycle. Physiologia Plantarum,2009,137 (1):44-60.
    Feeny, P. Theories of plant chemical defense:a brief historical survey.1990,39:163-175.
    Felton, G., Donato, K., Broadway, R., Duffey, S. Impact of oxidized plant phenolics on the nutritional quality of dietar protein to a noctuid herbivore, Spodoptera exigua. Journal of Insect Physiology,1992,38(4):277-285.
    Felton. G., Donato, K., Del Vecchio, R., Duffey, S. Activation of plant foliar oxidases by insect feeding reduces nutritive quality of foliage for noctuid herbivores. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1989,15 (12):2667-2694.
    Felton, G., Summers, C. Potential role of ascorbate oxidase as a plant defense protein against insect herbivory. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1993,19(7):1553-1568.
    Finkelstein, R. R., Gibson, S. I. ABA and sugar interactions regulating development: cross-talk or voices in a crowd? Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2002,5 (1):26-32.
    Fouche, A., Verhoeven. R., Hewitt, P., Walters, M., Kriel, C., DeJager, J. Russian aphid (Diuraphis noxia) feeding damage on wheat, related cereals and a Bromus grass species. No.191, Department of Agriculture, Republic of South Africa.1984:22-33.
    Foyer, C., Descourvieres, P., Kunert, K. Protection against oxygen radicals:an important defence mechanism studied in transgenic plants. Plant, Cell and Environment,1994,17 (5):507-523.
    Foyer, C. H., Shigeoka, S. Understanding oxidative stress and antioxidant functions to enhance photosynthesis. Plant Physiology,2011,155(1):93-100.
    Franzen, L. D., Gutsche, A. R., Heng-Moss, T. M., Higley, L. G., Macedo, T. B. Physiological responses of wheat and barley to Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) and bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi(L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Arthropod-Plant Interactions,2008,2 (4):227-235.
    Funayama, S., Sonoike, K., Terashima, I. Photosynthetic properties of leaves of Eupatorium makinoi infected by a geminivirus. Photosynthesis Research,1997,53 (2):253-261.
    Gaupels, F., Buhtz, A., Knauer, T., Deshmukh, S., Waller, F., Van Bel, A. J. E., Kogel, K. H., Kehr, J. Adaptation of aphid stylectomy for analyses of proteins and mRNAs in barley phloem sap. Journal of Experimental Botany,2008,59 (12):3297-3306.
    Giavalisco, P., Kapitza, K., Kolasa, A., Buhtz, A., Kehr, J. Towards the proteome of Brassica napus phloem sap. Proteomics,2006,6 (3):896-909.
    Giri, A. P., Wunsche, H., Mitra, S., Zavala, J. A., Muck, A., Svatos, A., Baldwin, I. T. Molecular interactions between the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) and its natural host Nicotiana attenuata. Ⅶ. Changes in the plant's proteome. Plant Physiology,2006,142 (4):1621-1641.
    Goggin, F. L. Plant-aphid interactions:molecular and ecological perspectives. Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2007,10 (4):399-408.
    Gorovits, R., Akad, F., Beery, H., Vidavsky, F., Mahadav, A., Czosnek, H. Expression of stress-response proteins upon whitefly-mediated inoculation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in susceptible and resistant tomato plants, Molecular plant-microbe interactions MPMI.2007,20 (11):1376-83.
    Gutsche, A., Heng-Moss, T., Higley, L., Sarath, G., Mornhinweg, D. Physiological responses of resistant and susceptible barley, Hordeum vulgare to the Russian wheat aphid, Diurpahis noxia (Mordvilko). Arthropod-Plant Interactions,2009a,3 (4):233-240.
    Gutsche, A., Heng-Moss, T., Sarath, G., Twigg, P., Xia, Y., Lu, G., Mornhinweg, D. Gene expression profiling of tolerant barley in response to Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeding. Bulletin of Entomological Research,2009b,99 (2):163-173.
    Haile, F. J., Higley, L. G. Changes in soybean gas-exchange after moisture stress and spider mite injury. Environmental Entomology,2003,32 (3):433-440.
    Haile, F. J., Higley, L. G., Ni, X., Quisenberry, S. S. Physiological and growth tolerance in wheat to Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera:Aphididae) injury. Environmental Entomology,1999,28 (5):787-794.
    Haldimann, P., Strasser, R. J. Effects of anaerobiosis as probed by the polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence rise kinetic in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Photosynthesis Research,1999,62 (1):67-83.
    Han, Y., Wang, Y., Bi, J. L., Yang, X. Q., Huang, Y., Zhao, X., Hu, Y., Cai, Q. N. Constitutive and induced activities of defense-related enzymes in aphid-resistant and aphid-susceptible cultivars of wheat. Journal of Chemical Ecology,2009,35 (2): 176-182.
    Hanif-Khan, S., Bullock, R., Stoffella, P., Powell, C., Brecht, J., McAuslane, H., Yokomi, R. Possible involvement of altered gibberellin metabolism in the induction of tomato irregular ripening in dwarf cherry tomato by silverleaf whitefly. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,1997,16 (4):245-251.
    Haruta, M., Major, I. T., Christopher, M. E., Patton, J. J., Constabel, C. P. A Kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene family from trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.):cloning, functional expression, and induction by wounding and herbivory. Plant Molecular Biology,2001a,46 (3):347-359.
    Haruta. M., Pedersen, J. A., Constabel, C. P. Polyphenol oxidase and herbivore defense in trembling aspen(Populus tremuloides):cDNA cloning, expression, and potential substrates. Physiologia Plantarum,2001b,112 (4):552-558.
    Haukioja, E. Induction of defenses in trees. Annual review of entomology.1991,36 (1): 25-42.
    Hayashi, H., Fukuda, A., Suzui, N., Fujimaki, S. Proteins in the sieve element-companion cell complexes:their detection, localization and possible functions. Functional Plant Biology, 2000,27 (6):489-496.
    Heng-Moss, T., Macedo, T., Franzen, L., Baxendale, F., Higley, L., Sarath, G. Physiological responses of resistant and susceptible buffalograsses to Blissus occiduus (Hemiptera: Blissidae) feeding. Journal of Economic Entomology,2006,99 (1):222-228.
    Henneberry, T., Jech, L. F., Hendrix, D., Steele, T. Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) honeydew and honeydew sugar relationships to sticky cotton. Southwestern Entomologist,2000,25 (1):1-14.
    Hermsmeier, D., Schittko, U., Baldwin, I. T. Molecular interactions between the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) and its natural host Nicotiana attenuata. I. large-scale changes in the accumulation of growth-and defense-related plant mRNAs. Plant Physiology,2001,125 (2):683-700.
    Hui, D., Iqbal, J., Lehmann, K., Gase, K., Saluz, H. P., Baldwin, I. T. Molecular interactions between the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) and its natural host Nicotiana attenuata:V.microarray analysis and further characterization of large-scale changes in herbivore-induced mRNAs 1. Society. Plant Physiology.2003, 131 (4):1877-1893.
    Inbar, M., Doostdar, H., Leibee, G., Mayer, R. The role of plant rapidly induced responses in asymmetric interspecific interactions among insect herbivores. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1999a,25 (8):1961-1979.
    Inbar, M., Doostdar, H., Mayer, R. T. Effects of sessile whitefly nymphs (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on leaf-chewing larvae (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). Environmental Entomolog,1999b,28 (3):353-357.
    Inbar, M., Doostdar, H., Sonoda, R. M., Leibee, G. L., Mayer, R. T. Elicitors of plant defensive systems reduce insect densities and disease incidence. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1998,24(1):135-149.
    Inbar, M., Gerling, D. Plant-mediated interactions between whiteflies, herbivores, and natural enemies. Annual Review of Entomology,2008,53:431-448.
    Jia, Y.-J., Cheng, D.-D., Wang, W.-B., Gao, H.-Y., Liu, A.-X., Li, X.-M., Meng, Q.-W. Different enhancement of senescence induced by metabolic products of Alternaria alternata in tobacco leaves of different ages. Physiologia Plantarum,2010,138 (2): 164-175.
    Jiang, C. D.. Gao, H. Y., Zou, Q. Characteristics of photo synthetic apparatus in Mn-starved maize leaves. Photosynthetica,2002,40 (2):209-213.
    Jiang. C. D., Gao, H. Y., Zou, Q. Changes of donor and acceptor side in photosystem 2 complex induced by iron deficiency in attached soybean and maize leaves. Photosynthetica,2003,41 (2):267-271.
    Jimenez, D. R., Yokomi, R. K., Mayer, R. T., Shapiro, J. P. Cytology and physiology of silverleaf whitefly-induced squash silverleaf. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,1995,46 (3):227-242.
    Jorgensen, R. A. RNA traffics information systemically in plants. Proceedings of the Naiional Academy of Sciences,2002,99 (18):11561-11563.
    Jorgensen, R. A., Atkinson, R. G., Forster, R. L. S., Lucas, W. J. An RNA-based information superhighway in plants. Science,1998,279 (5356):1486-1487.
    Kahl, J., Siemens, D. H., Aerts, R. J., GaEbler, R., KuEhnemann, F., Preston, C. A., Baldwin, I. T. Herbivore-induced ethylene suppresses a direct defense but not a putative indirect defense against an adapted herbivore. Planta,2000,210 (2):336-342.
    Kaloshian, I., Walling, L. L. Hemipterans as plant pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology,2005,43:491-521.
    Kangasjarvi, S., Neukermans, J., Li, S., Aro, E. M., Noctor, G. Photosynthesis, photorespiration, and light signalling in defence responses. Journal of Experimental Botany,2012,63 (4):1619-1636.
    Karban, R., Kuc, J. Induced resistance against pathogens and herbivores:an overview. Induced plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores.1999,1-15.
    Karpinski, S., Gabrys, H., Mateo, A., Karpinska, B., Mullineaux, P. M. Light perception in plant disease defence signalling. Current opinion in plant biology,2003,6 (4):390-396.
    Kawano, Y., Kypta, R. Secreted antagonists of the Wnt signalling pathway. Journal of Cell Science,2003,116 (13):2627-2634.
    Kehr, J. Phloem sap proteins:their identities and potential roles in the interaction between plants and phloem-feeding insects. Journal of Experimental Botany,2006,57 (4): 767-774.
    Kempema, L. A., Cui, X., Holzer, F. M., Walling, L. L. Arabidopsis transcriptome changes in response to phloem-feeding silverleaf whitefly nymphs, similarities and distinctions in responses to aphids. Plant Physiology,2007,143 (2):849-865.
    Kerchev, P. I., Fenton, B., Foyer, C. H., Hancock, R. D. Plant responses to insect herbivory: interactions between photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species and hormonal signalling pathways. Plant Cell Environment,2012,35 (2):441-53.
    Kessler, A., Baldwin, I. T. Plant responses to insect herbivory:the emerging molecular analysis. Annu Rev Plant Biol.2002,53:299-328.
    King, R., Zeevaart, J. Enhancement of phloem exudation from cut petioles by chelating agents. Plant Physiology,1974,53 (1):96-103.
    Kramer, K. J., Muthukrishnan, S. Insect chitinases:molecular biology and potential use as biopesticides. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,1998,27 (11):887-900.
    Krause, G., Vernotte, C., Briantais, J. M. Photoinduced quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in intact chloroplasts and algae. Resolution into two components. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Bioenergetics,1982,679 (1):116-124.
    Krause, G. H., Weis, E. Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis-the basics. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology,1991,42:313-349.
    Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of head of bacteriophage T'4. Nature.1970;227:680-5.
    Larson, K. C. The impact of two gall-forming arthropods on the photosynthetic rates of their hosts. Oecologia,1998,115 (1-2):161-166.
    Lawrence, S. D., Novak, N. G., Ju, C. J. T., Cooke, J. E. K. Potato, Solanum tuberosum, defense against Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say):microarray gene expression profiling of potato by Colorado potato beetle regurgitant treatment of wounded leaves. Journal of Chemical Ecology,2008,34 (8):1013-1025.
    Lehane, M. J., Billingsley, P. F. Biology of the insect midgut:Springer.1996.
    Leon, J., Lawton, M. A., Raskin, I. Hydrogen peroxide stimulates salicylic acid biosynthesis in tobacco. Plant Physiology,1995,108 (4):1673-1678.
    Leszczynski, B., Warchol, J., Niraz, S. The influence of phenolic compounds on the preference of winter wheat cultivars by cereal aphids. Insect Sci. Appl,1985,6 (2): 157-158.
    Li, P. M., Gao, H. Y., Strasser, R. Application of the fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction dynamics analysis in photosynthesis study. Journal of plant physiology and molecular biology,2005,31 (6):559-566.
    Lichtenthaler, H. K. Chlorophyll fluorescence signatures of leaves during the autumnal chlorophyll breakdown. Journal of Plant Physiology,1987,131 (1-2):101-110.
    Lin, M. K., Lee, Y. J., Lough, T. J., Phinney, B. S., Lucas, W. J. Analysis of the pumpkin phloem proteome provides insights into angiosperm sieve tube function. Molecular& Cellular Proteomics,2009,8 (2):343-356.
    Lin, T. B., Schwartz, A., Saranga, Y. Photosynthesis and productivity of cotton under silverleaf whitefly stress. Crop Science,1999a,39 (1):174-184.
    Lin, T. B., Schwartz, L., Saranga, Y. Non-stomatal factors limit cotton photosynthesis under silverleaf whitefly stress. Physiologia Plantarum.1999b,107 (3):303-311.
    Lin, T. B., Wolf, S., Schwartz, A., Saranga, Y. Silverleaf whitefly stress impairs sugar export from cotton source leaves. Physiologia Plantarum,2000,109 (3):291-297.
    Little, D., Gouhier-Darimont, C., Bruessow, F., Reymond, P. Oviposition by pierid butterflies triggers defense responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology,2007,143 (2):784-800.
    Lu, C, Zhang, J. Effects of water stress on photosystem Ⅱ photochemistry and its thermostability in wheat plants. Journal of Experimental Botany,1999,50 (336): 1199-1206.
    Macedo, T., Bastos, C., Higley, L., Ostlie, K.. Madhavan, S. Photosynthetic responses of soybean to soybean aphid (Homoptera:Aphididae) injury. Journal of Economic Entomology,2003a,96 (1):188-193.
    Macedo, T., Higley, L., Ni, X., Quisenberry, S. Light activation of Russian wheat aphid-elicited physiological responses in susceptible wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology,2003b,96 (1):194-201.
    Macedo, T., Weaver, D., Peterson, R. K. D. Photosynthesis in wheat at the grain filling stage is altered by larval wheat stem sawfly(Hymenoptera:Cephidae) injury and reduced water availability. Journal of Entomological Science,2007,42 (2):228-238.
    Macedo, T. B., Peterson, R. K. D., Weaver, D. K., Morrill, W. L. Wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, impact on wheat primary metabolism:an ecophysiological approach. Environmental Entomology,2005,34 (3):719-726.
    Mahanil, S., Attajarusit, J., Stout, M. J., Thipyapong, P. Overexpression of tomato polyphenol oxidase increases resistance to common cutworm. Plant Science,2008,174 (4):456-466.
    Mallott, P. G., Davy, A. J. Analysis of effects of the bird cherry-oat aphid on the growth of barley:unrestricted infestation. New Phytologist,1978,80 (1):209-218.
    Mateo, A., Funck, D., Miihlenbock, P., Kular, B., Mullineaux, P. M., Karpinski, S. Controlled levels of salicylic acid are required for optimal photosynthesis and redox homeostasis. Journal of Experimental Botany,2006.57 (8):1795-1807.
    Maxwell, K., Johnson, G. N. Chlorophyll fluorescence—a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany,2000,51 (345):659-668.
    Mayer. R. T., Inbar, M., McKenzie, C., Shatters, R., Borowicz, V., Albrecht, U., Powell, C. A., Doostdar, H. Multitrophic interactions of the silverleaf whitefly, host plants, competing herbivores, and phytopathogens. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology,2002,51 (4):151-169.
    McAuslane, H. J., Chen, J., Carle, R. B., Schmalstig, J. Influence of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) infestation and squash silverleaf disorder on zucchini seedling growth. Journal of Economic Entomology,2004,97 (3):1096-1105.
    McCollum, T., Stoffella, P., Powell, C., Cantliffe, D., Hanif-Khan, S. Effects of silverleaf whitefly feeding on tomato fruit ripening. Postharvest biology and technology,2004,31 (2):183-190.
    Melov, S., Hertz, G. Z., Stormo, G. D., Johnson, T. E. Detection of deletions in the mitochondrial genome of Caenorhabditis elegans. Nucleic acids research,1994,22 (6):1075-1078.
    Merzendorfer, H., Zimoch, L. Chitin metabolism in insects:structure, function and regulation of chitin synthases and chitinases. Journal of experimental biology,2003,206 (24):4393-4412.
    Miles, P., Oertli, J. The significance of antioxidants in the aphid-plant interaction:the redox hypothesis. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,1993,67 (3):275-283.
    Miles, P. W. Aphid saliva. Biological Reviews,1999,74 (1):41-85.
    Miller, H.. Porter, D. R., Burd, J. D., Mornhinweg, D. W., Burton, R. L. Physiological effects of Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera:Aphididae) on resistant and susceptible barley. Journal of Economic Entomology,1994,87 (2):493-499.
    Mitra, S., Baldwin, I. T. Independently silencing two photosynthetic proteins in Nicotiana attenuata has different effects on herbivore resistance. Plant Physiology,2008,148 (2): 1128-1138.
    Mittler, R., Vanderauwera, S., Suzuki, N., Miller, G., Tognetti, V. B., Vandepoele, K. Gollery, M., Shulaev, V., Van Breusegem, F. ROS signaling:the new wave? Trends in plant science,2011,16 (6):300-309.
    Mole, S. Trade-offs and constraints in plant-herbivore defense theory:a life-history perspective. OIKOS,1994,71:3-12.
    Moloi, M., Van Der Westhuizen. A. Antioxidative enzymes and the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) resistance response in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plant Biology,2008. 10 (3):403-407.
    Moran, P. J., Cheng, Y., Cassell. J. L., Thompson, G. A. Gene expression profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana in compatible plant-aphid interactions. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol,2002,51(4):182-203.
    Moran. P. J., Thompson, G. A. Molecular responses to aphid feeding in Arabidopsis in relation to plant defense pathways. Plant physiology,2001,125 (2):1074-1085.
    Mori, I. C., Murata, Y., Uraji, M. Integration of ROS and hormone signaling. Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Signaling,2009,25-42.
    Morse, L., Faeth, S., Day, T. Neotyphodium interactions with a wild grass are driven mainly by endophyte haplotype. Functional Ecology,2007,21 (4):813-822.
    Mozoruk, J., Hunnicutt. L. E., Cave, R. D., Hunter, W. B., Bausher, M. G. Profiling transcriptional changes in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck challenged by herbivory from the xylem-feeding leafhopper Homalodisca coagulata (Say) by cDNA macroarray analysis. Plant Science,2006,170 (6):1068-1080.
    Musser, R. O., Hum-Musser, S. M., Eichenseer, H., Peiffer, M., Ervin. G., Murphy, J. B., Felton, G. W. Herbivory:caterpillar saliva beats plant defences. Nature,2002,416 (6881):599-600.
    Nabity, P. D., Zavala, J. A., DeLucia, E. H. Indirect suppression of photosynthesis on individual leaves by arthropod herbivory. Annals of Botany,2009,103 (4):655-663.
    Nakano, Y., Asada, K. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology,1981,22 (5):867-880.
    Ni, X., Quisenberry, S. S., Heng-Moss, T., Markwell, J., Higley, L., Baxendale, F., Sarath, G., Klucas, R. Dynamic change in photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll degradation elicited by cereal aphid feeding. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,2002,105 (1): 43-53.
    Ogren, E. Prediction of photoinhibition of photosynthesis from measurements of fluorescence quenching components. Planta,1991,184 (4):538-544.
    Osmond, C. What is photoinhibition? Some implications for the energetics of photosynthesis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,1994,639:982-988.
    Oukarroum, A., Madidi, S. E., Schansker, G., Strasser, R. J. Probing the responses of barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) by chlorophyll a fluorescence OLKJIP under drought stress and re-watering. Environmental and Experimental Botany,2007,60 (3):438-446.
    Park, S. H. Robust design and analysis for quality engineering:Springer.1996.
    Park, S. J., Huang, Y., Ayoubi, P. Identification of expression profiles of sorghum genes in response to greenbug phloem-feeding using cDNA subtraction and microarray analysis. Planta,2006,223 (5):932-947.
    Pegadaraju, V., Knepper, C., Reese, J., Shah, J. Premature leaf senescence modulated by the Arabidopsis PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 gene is associated with defense against the phloem-feeding green peach aphid. Plant Physiology,.2005,139 (4):1927-1934.
    Pegadaraju, V., Louis, J., Singh, V., Reese, J. C., Bautor, J., Feys, B. J., Cook, G., Parker, J. E., Shah, J. Phloem-based resistance to green peach aphid is controlled by Arabidopsis PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 without its signaling partner ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1. Plant Journal,2007,52 (2):332-341.
    Penninckx, I. A. M. A., Eggermont, K., Terras, F. R. G., Thomma, B. P. H. J., Samblanx, G. W. D., Buchala, A., Metraux, J. P., Manners, J. M., Broekaert, W. F. Pathogen-induced systemic activation of a plant defensin gene in Arabidopsis follows a salicylic acid-independent pathway. The Plant Cell,.1996,8 (12):2309-2323.
    Peterson, R. K. D., Higley, L. G. Biotic stress and yield loss:CRC.2001.
    Peterson, R. K. D., Higley, L. G., Haile, F. J., Barrigossi, J. A. F. Mexican bean beetle (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) injury affects photosynthesis of Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris. Environmental Entomology,1998,27 (2):373-381.
    Portis Jr, A. R. The regulation of Rubisco by Rubisco activase. Journal of Experimental Botany,1995,46 (special issue):1285-1291.
    Powell, C. A., Stoffella, P. J. Susceptibility of tomato cultivars to internal and external tomato irregular ripening. HortScience,1995.30 (6):1151-1192.
    Puthoff, D. P. Plant-Insect Interactions:The Tomato Defense Response Following Feeding by Phloem-Feeding Whiteflies[D].1999. California:University of California.
    Puthoff, D. P., Holzer, F. M., Perring, T. M., Walling, L. L. Tomato pathogenesis-related protein genes are expressed in response to Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci biotype B feeding. Journal of Chemical Ecology,2010,36 (11):1271-1285.
    Ralph, S. G., Yueh, H., Friedmann, M., Aeschliman, D., Zeznik, J. A., Nelson, C. C, Butterfield, Y. S. N., Kirkpatrick, R., Liu, J., Jones, S. J. M. Conifer defence against insects:microarray gene expression profiling of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) induced by mechanical wounding or feeding by spruce budworms (Choristoneura occidentalis) or white pine weevils (Pissodes strobi) reveals large-scale changes of the host transcriptome. Plant, Cell and Environment,2006,29 (8):1545-1570.
    Ren, F., Lu, Y. T. Overexpression of tobacco hydroxyproline-rich glycopeptide systemin precursor A gene in transgenic tobacco enhances resistance against Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Plant Science,2006,171 (2):286-292.
    Richardson, P., Baker, D., Ho, L. The chemical composition of cucurbit vascular exudates. Journal of Experimental Botany,1982,33 (6):1239-1247.
    Roitsch, T., Balibrea, M., Hofmann, M., Proels, R., Sinha, A. Extracellular invertase:key metabolic enzyme and PR protein. Journal of Experimental Botany,2003,54 (382): 513-524.
    Ryan, J. D., Morgan, A. T., Richardson, P. E., Johnson, R. C., Mort, A. J., Eikenbary, R. D..·Greenbugs and wheat:a model system for the study of phytotoxic Homoptera.1990, (Campbell RK, Eikenbary RD eds). Aphid-Plant Genotype Interactions. Elsevier, Amsterdam.171-178.
    Sampson, M. N., Gooday, G. W. Involvement of chitinases of Bacillus thuringiensis during pathogenesis in insects. Microbiology,1998,144 (8):2189-2194.
    Schachtman, D. P., Shin, R. Nutrient sensing and signaling:NPKS. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol, 2007,58:47-69.
    Schaffer, B., Mason, L. J. Effects of scale insect herbivory and shading on net gas-exchange and growth of a subtropical tree species (Guaiacum-Sanctum L). Oecologia,1990,84 (4): 468-473.
    Scheideler, M., Schlaich, N. L., Fellenberg, K., Beissbarth, T., Hauser, N. C, Vingron, M., Slusarenko, A. J., Hoheisel, J. D. Monitoring the switch from housekeeping to pathogen defense metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana using cDNA arrays. Journal of Biological Chemistry,2002,277 (12):10555-10561.
    Schmalstig, J. G., McAuslane, H. J. Developmental anatomy of zucchini leaves with squash silverleaf disorder caused by the silverleaf whitefly. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,2001,126 (5):544-554.
    Schobert, C., GroBmann, P., Gottschalk, M., Komor, E., Pecsvaradi, A., Mieden, U. Sieve-tube exudate from Ricinus communis L. seedlings contains ubiquitin and chaperones. Planta,1995,196 (2):205-210.
    Schuster, D., Stansly, P., Polston, J. Expressions of plant damage by Bemisia. In Bemisia 1995:taxonomy, biology, damage control and management. (1996), (eds D. Gerling and R. Mayer), pp.153-166. Andover, Hants, United Kingdom.
    Schuster, D. J. Relationship of silverleaf whitefly population density to severity of irregular ripening of tomato. HortScience,2001,36 (6):1089-1090.
    Seki, M., Narusaka, M., Ishida, J., Nanjo, T., Fujita, M., Oono, Y., Kamiya, A., Nakajima, M., Enju, A., Sakurai, T. Monitoring the expression profiles of 7000 Arabidopsis genes under drought, cold and high-salinity stresses using a full-length cDNA microarray. The Plant Journal,2002,31 (3):279-292.
    Shapiro, J. P. Insect-plant interactions and expression of disorders induced by the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii. In Bemisia 1995:taxonomy, biology, damage control and management. (1996), (eds D. Gerling and R. Mayer), pp.167-177. Andover, Hants, United Kingdom.
    Shirasu, K., Nakajima, H., Rajasekhar, V. K., Dixon, R. A., Lamb, C. Salicylic acid potentiates an agonist-dependent gain control that amplifies pathogen signals in the activation of defense mechanisms. The Plant Cell Online,1997,9 (2):261-270.
    Stout, M. J., Workman, K. V., Bostock, R. M., Duffey, S. S. Specificity of induced resistance in the tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum. Oecologia,1997,113 (1):74-81.
    Strasser, B. J. Donor side capacity of Photosystem Ⅱ probed by chlorophyll a fluorescence transients. Photosynthesis Research,1997,52 (2):147-155.
    Strasser, R., Srivastava, A., Tsimilli-Michael, M. The fluorescence transient as a tool to characterize and screen photosynthetic samples. In Probing photosynthesis:mechanisms, regulation and adaptation. (2000), (eds Yunus M P. U and Mohanty), pp.445-483. London:Taylor and Francis.
    Strasser, R. J., Srivastava, A. Polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence transient in plants and Cyanobacteria. Photochemistry and Photobiology,1995,61 (1):32-42.
    Strasser, R. J., Stirbet, A. D. Estimation of the energetic connectivity of PS II centres in plants using the fluorescence rise O-J-I-P:Fitting of experimental data to three different PS II models. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2001,56 (4-5):451-462.
    Strasser, R. J., Tsimilli-Michael, M., Srivastava, A. Analysis of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient. In Chlorophyll a fluorescence:a signature of photosynthesis. (2004), (eds G. Papageorgiou and Govindjee.), pp.321-362. Berlin:Sprinber.
    Thipyapong, P., Hunt, M. D., Steffens, J. C. Antisense downregulation of polyphenol oxidase results in enhanced disease susceptibility. Planta,2004,220 (1):105-117.
    Thipyapong, P., Steffens, J. C. Tomato polyphenol oxidase (differential response of the polyphenol oxidase F promoter to injuries and wound signals). Plant Physiology,1997, 115 (2):409-418.
    Thompson, G. A., Goggin, F. L. Transcriptomics and functional genomics of plant defence induction by phloem-feeding insects. Journal of Experimental Botany,2006,57 (4): 755-766.
    Tscharntke, T., Thiessen, S., Dolch, R., Boland, W. Herbivory, induced resistance, and interplant signal transfer in Alnus glutinosa. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2001, 29(10):1025-1047.
    van de Ven, W. T., LeVesque, C. S., Perring, T. M., Walling, L. L. Local and systemic changes in squash gene expression in response to silverleaf whitefly feeding. Plant Cell, 2000,12 (8):1409-23.
    van der Westhuizen, A., Qian, X. M., Botha, A. M. Differential induction of apoplastic peroxidase and chitinase activities in susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars by Russian wheat aphid infestation. Plant cell reports,1998,18(1):132-137.
    van Heerden, P. D. R., Strasser, R. J., Kruger, G. H. J. Reduction of dark chilling stress in N2-fixing soybean by nitrate as indicated by chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics. Physiologia Plantarum,2004,121 (2):239-249.
    Verhoeven, A. S., Adams, W. W., Demmig-Adams, B., Croce, R., Bassi, R. Xanthophyll cycle pigment localization and dynamics during exposure to low temperatures and light stress in Vinca major. Plant physiology,1999,120 (3):727-738.
    Visser, J. Differential sensory perceptions of plant compounds by insects.1983. (208): 215-230:ACS Publications.
    Voelckel, C, T Baldwin, I. Detecting herbivore-specific transcriptional responses in plants with multiple DDRT-PCR and subtractive library procedures. Physiologia plantarum, 2003.118 (2):240-252.
    Walling, L. L. The myriad plant responses to herbivores. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2000,19(2):195-216.
    Walz, C., Giavalisco, P., Schad, M., Juenger, M., Klose, J., Kehr, J. Proteomics of curcurbit phloem exudate reveals a network of defence proteins. Phytochemistry,2004,65 (12): 1795-1804.
    Walz, C., Juenger, M., Schad, M., Kehr, J. Evidence for the presence and activity of a complete antioxidant defence system in mature sieve tubes. The Plant Journal,2002.31 (2):189-197.
    Wang, J., Constabel, C. P. Polyphenol oxidase overexpression in transgenic Populus enhances resistance to herbivory by forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria). Planta,2004a, 220(1):87-96.
    Wang, T., Quisenberry, S. S., Ni, X., Tolmay, V. Aphid(Hemiptera:Aphididae) resistance in wheat near-isogenic lines. Journal of Economic Entomology,2004b,97 (2):646-653.
    Wei, Z., Hu, W., Lin, Q., Cheng, X., Tong, M., Zhu, L., Chen, R., He, G. Understanding rice plant resistance to the brown planthopper(Nilaparvata lugens):a proteomic approach. Proteomics,2009,9 (10):2798-2808.
    Welter, S. C. Arthropod impact on plant gas exchange. Insect-plant interactions,1989,1: 135-150.
    Xue, M., Wang, C. X., Bi, M. J., Li, Q., Liu, T. X. Induced defense by Bemisia tabaci biotype B(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) in tobacco against Myzus persicae (Hemiptera:Aphididae). Environmental Entomology,2010,39 (3):883-891.
    Yee, W. L., Toscano, N. C., Chu, C. C., Henneberry, T. J., Nichols, R. L. Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) action thresholds and cotton photosynthesis. Environmental Entomology,1996,25 (6):1267-1273.
    Yokomi, R., Hoelmer, K., Osborne, L. Relationships between the sweetpotato whitefly and the squash silverleaf disorder. Phytopathology,1990,80(10):895-900.
    Yuan, H., Chen, X., Zhu, L., He, G. Identification of genes responsive to brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Homoptera:Delphacidae) feeding in rice. Planta,2005,221(1): 105-112.
    Zarate, S. I., Kempema, L. A., Walling, L. L. Silverleaf whitefly induces salicylic acid defenses and suppresses effectual jasmonic acid defenses. Plant Physiology,2007,143 (2):866-875.
    Zhang, C., Wu, J., Dai, W., Chen, L. Activities of some isoenzymes in the leaves of Brassica oleracea seedlings infested by peach aphid(Myzus persicae). Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica,2005,25 (8):1566.
    Zhang, S.-z., Zhang, F., Hua, B.-z. Enhancement of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenoloxidase, and peroxidase in cucumber seedlings by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) infestation. Agricultural Sciences in China,2008,7(1):82-87.
    Zhu-Salzman, K., Salzman, R. A., Ahn, J. E., Koiwa, H. Transcriptional regulation of sorghum defense determinants against a phloem-feeding aphid. In Plant Physiology, 2004,134 (1):420-431. Rockville:American Society of Plant Biologists.
    Zimmermann, P., Hirsch-Hoffmann, M., Hennig, L., Gruissem, W. GENEVESTIGATOR. Arabidopsis microarray database and analysis toolbox. Plant Physiology,2004,136 (1): 2621-2632.
    Zimmermann, U., Steudle. E. The hydraulic conductivity and volumetric elastc modulus of cells and isolated cell walls of Nitella and Char a spp.:pressure and volume effects. Functional Plant Biology,1975.2 (1):1-12.
    Zvereva, E. L., Lanta, V., Kozlov, M. V. Effects of sap-feeding insect herbivores on growth and reproduction of woody plants:a meta-analysis of experimental studies. Oecologia, 2010,163 (4):949-960.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700