下一代全IP无线网络移动性管理研究
摘要
近年来,为了适应无线互联网的需求,3G和LTE等移动通信技术开始逐渐向IP化演进,同时基于IP的移动宽带无线接入技术802.16迅猛发展,这些技术成为无线通信技术领域的热点。而无线通信网的重要特点在于大量用户在覆盖范围内自由地移动切换和漫游,这要求网络具有良好的移动性管理性能。因此,全IP网络中的移动性管理问题就显得特别重要。
本文在深入分析下一代无线网络移动性管理研究发展趋势的基础上,针对全IP网络中基于移动IP协议的移动性管理研究方向:HMIPv6微移动性管理、HMIPv6宏移动性管理、基于网络的区域移动性管理、PMIPv6域间切换管理以及Adhoc网络移动性管理等,进行了深入的研究。本文的主要工作如下:
首先,论文分析了移动IP的特点,并对FMIPv6快速切换管理和微移动性管理协议进行了分析。虽然HMIPv6微移动性管理协议可以通过减少注册信息的数量和传输距离来减少切换时延,但它并没有改进标准MIPv6移动检测和配置IP地址所造成的延迟,所以其切换延时仍然较大。本文提出了一种微移动性管理路由优化方法Enhance-Micro-HMIP,并使用NS仿真工具对该方法进行了仿真论证。
其次,本文对目前关注较少的HMIPv6宏移动性管理方法做了分析,针对其长时延、高丢包率,以及不能适用于时延敏感业务的缺陷,提出了一种优化的低延迟宏移动性管理方法Enhance-Macro-HMIP。通过数学分析和仿真分析表明本方法可以将宏移动性管理大幅减少切换时延和数据包丢失数量,证明本方法相较HMIPv6协议可以获得更优的移动性管理性能。同时还研究了无线接入点的接入路由器路由广播周期对切换性能的影响,求得了本方法的最佳路由广播周期。
第三,论文讨论了目前基于终端的全局移动性管理协议的特点,分析了其不能满足未来移动性对于低时延、低复杂度、易于管理的要求。介绍了基于网络的区域移动性管理协议的特点,并且针对移动终端局部的小范围的移动需求,提出了一种基于网络的区域移动性管理域内切换方法F-PMIPv6。该方法将快速切换的思想引入PMIPv6协议中,采用预测切换模式,通过底层交互,预测MN的切换,提前配置局部锚节点和移动接入网关的地址,快速完成三层切换,这样在链路断开之前就做好了三层切换准备,从而减少了区域内网络切换的延迟时间。经过对该方法的切换时延和位置更新代价的性能分析,将其与目前比较热门的PMIPv6协议进行比较,论证了本方法可以减少切换时延,降低位置更新代价。
第四,论文针对目前关于PMIPv6域间切换管理的研究空白,首次提出了一种基于PMIPv6的域间切换移动性管理方法。通过由对端通信节点(CN)所处位置决定的三种网络结构的深入分析,并结合PMIPv6路由优化草案,分别针对性地设计了当MN在不同的LMA域间切换时的移动性管理方法。经过对三种方法的位置更新代价、数据分发代价和总代价的性能分析,将其与已经形成标准的HMIPv6协议进行比较,论证了本方法可以达到更优的性能。
第五,本文分析了Adhoc和MIPv6混合网络移动性管理面临的问题,提出了一种缓存相邻援助代理快速分层平滑切换管理方法BFH-NAA。该方法利用了NAA方法的优点,采用了分层切换的方法,并且在移动节点的前接入点中设置缓存,用快速切换的方法来实现平滑切换,在前后两个接入点路由器之间建立数据包隧道,可以在NAA和CN绑定更新完成之前,将前接入点缓存的数据包直接通过新接入点和NAA发送给移动节点MN,有效地减少了切换过程中造成的切换时延和总切换代价。通过性能分析比较,证明本方法可以获得比MIPv6和NAA方法更好的移动性管理性能。
Recently, 3G mobile communication system and LTE evolve gradually to all-IP architecture in order to adapt the requirements of mobile wireless Internet. At the same time, in the field of broadband wireless access technology, 802.16, attracts more and more attentions from communication manufactures and mobile service provider. The growing density of subscribers and the need for handoff and roaming freely underscore the importance of mobility management. Therefore, mobility management of All-IP wireless networks is becoming more and more important.
There exist some problems in mobility management based on Mobile IP in all-IP wireless networks. This thesis focuses on the research of several mobility management protocols including FMIPv6, HMIPv6, NetLMM, PMIPv6 and mobility management of Adhoc networks. The main contributions of this thesis include:
Firstly, we introduce the good facter of MIP, then analyse the fast handover management protocol FMIPv6 and the micro-mobility management protocols. HMIPv6 protocol can reduce handover latency by reduce the number of binding update and signal transmission time. Therefore it can't reduce the latency of mobililty detection and address configuration. In order to get better handover performance, the paper proposes a route optimized method of micro-mobility management, Enhance-Micro-HMIP. The simulation experiment based on NS tools can prove our proposal.
Secondly, we analyse the significant problems in hierarchical mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) occur due to its inability to availably support macro-mobility because of long delay and high packet loss during handover. Then a new macro-mobility management handover mechanism, Enhance-Macro-HMIP for macro-mobility management is proposed. Numerical and simulation analysis are carried out to evaluate the performance of the protocol. The performance evaluation results display that the method can largely reduce the handover latency and the packet loss in contrast with HMIPv6 macro-mobility protocol.
Thirdly, we introduce the existing terminal-based global mobility management protocols that are not suitable for the future mobility management, which requires low handover latency, low-complexity and manageability. Focus on the requirement of local small range mobility, a new fast network-based localized intra-domain mobility management scheme, F-PMIPv6, is proposed. In contrast with PMIPv6 protocol, the performace analysis result indicates the improvement of handoff lantency and location update cost.
Fourthly, we analyse the research margin in inter-mobility handover management of PMIPv6, and propose an inter-mobility handover management solution based on PMIPv6 protocol. Our proposal is the first work to solve the macro-mobility problem of PMIPv6. The solution analyses the three basic network frames, which are determined by the network location of the CN (Correspondent Node). Then focus on the three network frames, we adopt the methods of PMIPv6 route optimization and design the inter-domain handover management solutions respectively. In contrast with HMIPv6 inter-domain mobiity management method, the proposal can improve the performace in location update cost, packet delivery cost and total cost.
Fifthly, we introduce the problems of mobility management in hybrid networks integrated by the Adhoc and IPv6 networks. Then a neighbor-assisted agent fast hierarchical smooth handover mechanism, called BFH-NAA, is proposed. The proposal takes advantages of NAA protocol and sets packet buffer in the previous access point. Meanwhile the mechanism adopts the method of hierarchical and fast handover to carry out smooth handover. By this proposal, before the accomplishment of the binding update between NAA (neighbor-assisted agent) and CN, the mobile node can receive the buffered packet from the previous access point via the new access point and the NAA. Performace analysis results show that the proposal mechanism can provide better performance than MIPv6 and NAA protocols.
本文在深入分析下一代无线网络移动性管理研究发展趋势的基础上,针对全IP网络中基于移动IP协议的移动性管理研究方向:HMIPv6微移动性管理、HMIPv6宏移动性管理、基于网络的区域移动性管理、PMIPv6域间切换管理以及Adhoc网络移动性管理等,进行了深入的研究。本文的主要工作如下:
首先,论文分析了移动IP的特点,并对FMIPv6快速切换管理和微移动性管理协议进行了分析。虽然HMIPv6微移动性管理协议可以通过减少注册信息的数量和传输距离来减少切换时延,但它并没有改进标准MIPv6移动检测和配置IP地址所造成的延迟,所以其切换延时仍然较大。本文提出了一种微移动性管理路由优化方法Enhance-Micro-HMIP,并使用NS仿真工具对该方法进行了仿真论证。
其次,本文对目前关注较少的HMIPv6宏移动性管理方法做了分析,针对其长时延、高丢包率,以及不能适用于时延敏感业务的缺陷,提出了一种优化的低延迟宏移动性管理方法Enhance-Macro-HMIP。通过数学分析和仿真分析表明本方法可以将宏移动性管理大幅减少切换时延和数据包丢失数量,证明本方法相较HMIPv6协议可以获得更优的移动性管理性能。同时还研究了无线接入点的接入路由器路由广播周期对切换性能的影响,求得了本方法的最佳路由广播周期。
第三,论文讨论了目前基于终端的全局移动性管理协议的特点,分析了其不能满足未来移动性对于低时延、低复杂度、易于管理的要求。介绍了基于网络的区域移动性管理协议的特点,并且针对移动终端局部的小范围的移动需求,提出了一种基于网络的区域移动性管理域内切换方法F-PMIPv6。该方法将快速切换的思想引入PMIPv6协议中,采用预测切换模式,通过底层交互,预测MN的切换,提前配置局部锚节点和移动接入网关的地址,快速完成三层切换,这样在链路断开之前就做好了三层切换准备,从而减少了区域内网络切换的延迟时间。经过对该方法的切换时延和位置更新代价的性能分析,将其与目前比较热门的PMIPv6协议进行比较,论证了本方法可以减少切换时延,降低位置更新代价。
第四,论文针对目前关于PMIPv6域间切换管理的研究空白,首次提出了一种基于PMIPv6的域间切换移动性管理方法。通过由对端通信节点(CN)所处位置决定的三种网络结构的深入分析,并结合PMIPv6路由优化草案,分别针对性地设计了当MN在不同的LMA域间切换时的移动性管理方法。经过对三种方法的位置更新代价、数据分发代价和总代价的性能分析,将其与已经形成标准的HMIPv6协议进行比较,论证了本方法可以达到更优的性能。
第五,本文分析了Adhoc和MIPv6混合网络移动性管理面临的问题,提出了一种缓存相邻援助代理快速分层平滑切换管理方法BFH-NAA。该方法利用了NAA方法的优点,采用了分层切换的方法,并且在移动节点的前接入点中设置缓存,用快速切换的方法来实现平滑切换,在前后两个接入点路由器之间建立数据包隧道,可以在NAA和CN绑定更新完成之前,将前接入点缓存的数据包直接通过新接入点和NAA发送给移动节点MN,有效地减少了切换过程中造成的切换时延和总切换代价。通过性能分析比较,证明本方法可以获得比MIPv6和NAA方法更好的移动性管理性能。
Recently, 3G mobile communication system and LTE evolve gradually to all-IP architecture in order to adapt the requirements of mobile wireless Internet. At the same time, in the field of broadband wireless access technology, 802.16, attracts more and more attentions from communication manufactures and mobile service provider. The growing density of subscribers and the need for handoff and roaming freely underscore the importance of mobility management. Therefore, mobility management of All-IP wireless networks is becoming more and more important.
There exist some problems in mobility management based on Mobile IP in all-IP wireless networks. This thesis focuses on the research of several mobility management protocols including FMIPv6, HMIPv6, NetLMM, PMIPv6 and mobility management of Adhoc networks. The main contributions of this thesis include:
Firstly, we introduce the good facter of MIP, then analyse the fast handover management protocol FMIPv6 and the micro-mobility management protocols. HMIPv6 protocol can reduce handover latency by reduce the number of binding update and signal transmission time. Therefore it can't reduce the latency of mobililty detection and address configuration. In order to get better handover performance, the paper proposes a route optimized method of micro-mobility management, Enhance-Micro-HMIP. The simulation experiment based on NS tools can prove our proposal.
Secondly, we analyse the significant problems in hierarchical mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) occur due to its inability to availably support macro-mobility because of long delay and high packet loss during handover. Then a new macro-mobility management handover mechanism, Enhance-Macro-HMIP for macro-mobility management is proposed. Numerical and simulation analysis are carried out to evaluate the performance of the protocol. The performance evaluation results display that the method can largely reduce the handover latency and the packet loss in contrast with HMIPv6 macro-mobility protocol.
Thirdly, we introduce the existing terminal-based global mobility management protocols that are not suitable for the future mobility management, which requires low handover latency, low-complexity and manageability. Focus on the requirement of local small range mobility, a new fast network-based localized intra-domain mobility management scheme, F-PMIPv6, is proposed. In contrast with PMIPv6 protocol, the performace analysis result indicates the improvement of handoff lantency and location update cost.
Fourthly, we analyse the research margin in inter-mobility handover management of PMIPv6, and propose an inter-mobility handover management solution based on PMIPv6 protocol. Our proposal is the first work to solve the macro-mobility problem of PMIPv6. The solution analyses the three basic network frames, which are determined by the network location of the CN (Correspondent Node). Then focus on the three network frames, we adopt the methods of PMIPv6 route optimization and design the inter-domain handover management solutions respectively. In contrast with HMIPv6 inter-domain mobiity management method, the proposal can improve the performace in location update cost, packet delivery cost and total cost.
Fifthly, we introduce the problems of mobility management in hybrid networks integrated by the Adhoc and IPv6 networks. Then a neighbor-assisted agent fast hierarchical smooth handover mechanism, called BFH-NAA, is proposed. The proposal takes advantages of NAA protocol and sets packet buffer in the previous access point. Meanwhile the mechanism adopts the method of hierarchical and fast handover to carry out smooth handover. By this proposal, before the accomplishment of the binding update between NAA (neighbor-assisted agent) and CN, the mobile node can receive the buffered packet from the previous access point via the new access point and the NAA. Performace analysis results show that the proposal mechanism can provide better performance than MIPv6 and NAA protocols.
引文
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[3]D.Johnson,C.Perkins,J.Arkko,RFC3775,“Mobility Support in IPv6”,Internet Engineering Task Force,June 2004
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[5]R.Koodli,Ed,RFC 4068,“Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6”,Internet Engineering Task Force,July 2005.
[6]HeeYoung Jung et al.,“Fast Handover for Hierarchical MIPv6(FHMIPv6)”,IETF Draft draft-jung-mobopts-fhmipv6-00.txt,Oct.2005.
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[21]Moskowitz, R. and P. Nikander, "Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Architecture", RFC 4423, May 2006.
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[26]Kempf, J., "Goals for Network-based Localized Mobility Management (NETLMM)", RFC4831, April 2007.
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[58]K.Omae,M.Inoue,I.Okajima,and N.Umeda,"Handoff performance of mobile host and mobile router employing HMIP extension," Proc.IEEE Wireless Commun.Netw.,vol.2,Mar.2003,pp.1218-1223.
[59]Akiyoshi,"NETLMM Protocol," Internet-draft,draft-akiyoshi-netlmm-protoco.00.txt,April 2006.
[60]T.T.Kwon,M.Gerla,and S.Das,"Mobility management for VoIP service:Mobile IP vs.SIP," IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun.,vol.9,no 5,pp.66-75,Oct.2002.
[61]Fathi,H.Chakraborty,S.S.Prasad,R.Aalborg Univ,"Optimization of Mobile IPv6-Based Handovers to Support VoIP Services in Wireless Heterogeneous Networks," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,Vol.56,PP.260-270,Jan.2007.
[62]Kent,S.and K.Seo,"Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol",RFC 4301,December 2005.
[63]Kent,S.,"IP Encapsulating Security Payload(ESP)",RFC 4303,December 2005.
[64]Ved P.Kafle,"Performance improvement of mobility management in IP-based wireless networks," Ph.D.Thesis,Department of Informatics,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies,Japan,September 2006.
[65]A.Stephane and A.H.Aghvami,"Fast handover schemes for futurewireless IP networks:A proposal and analysis," in Proc.53rd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf.(VTC) 2001,vol.3,Spring 2001,pp.2046-2050.
[66]杨天武,蒋铃鸽,“MIPv6网络中基于平衡机制的最佳路由器广播周期,”,上海交通大学学报,2004年04期.
[67]I.Akiyoshi,"NETLMM Protocol," Internet-draft,draft-akiyoshi-netlmm-protocol00.txt,April 2006.
[68]G.Giaretta,K.Leung,M.Liebsch,etc.,"NetLMM Protocol",IETF internet draft,draft-giaretta-netlmm-dt-protocol-00.txt,June 19,2006.
[69]Laganier,J.,"Network-based Localized Mobility Management Interface between Mobile Node and Access Router",draft-ietf-netlmm-mn-ar-if-01(work in progress),June 2006.
[70]魏彬,“基于网络的区域移动性管理协议研究”,中国科技论文在线http://www.paper.edu.cn,2007.
[71]梁伟为,“基于网络的本地移动性管理方法”,中国科技论文在线 http://www.paper.edu.cn,2007.
[72]H.Lewkovetz,Ed..,P.Roberts,"Network-Based Localised Mobility Management Protocol(NBLM)",Internet-Draft,Feb.2007.
[73]Koodli,R.,"IP Address Location Privacy and Mobile IPv6:Problem Statement",Work in Progress,February 2007.
[74]P.Kim,S.Kim,J.Jin."Fast Handovers for Proxy Mobile IPv6 without Inter-MAG Signaling",draft-pskim-netlmm-fastpmip6-00,November,2007.
[75]Sihun Park."Fast Localized Proxy Mobile IPv6(FLPMIPv6)",IETF Draft,draft-park-netlmm-fastpmip-00.txt,February 26,2007.
[76]F.Xia."Mobile Node Agnostic Fast Handovers for Proxy Mobile IPv6",IETF Draft,draft-xia-netlmm-fmip-mnagno-02,November 18,2007.
[77]H.Yokota."Fast Handovers for PMIPv6" IETF Draft,draft-yokota-mipshop-pfmipv6-00.txt,June 2007.
[78]T.T.Kwon,M.Gerla,and S.Das,"Mobility management for VoIP service:Mobile IP vs.SIP," IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun.,vol.9,no.5,pp.66-75,Oct.2002.
[79]Sihun PARK,"Localized Proxy-MIPv6 with Route Optimization on IP-based Networks",IEICE T-RANS.COMMUN.,Vol.E90-B,No.12 December 2007.
[80]X.Zhang,J.G.Castellanos,and A.T.Campbell,"P-MIP:Paging extensions for mobile IP," ACM Mobile Networks and Applications(MONET),vol.7,no.2,pp.127-141,April 2002.
[81]T.Brown and S.Mohan,"Mobility Management for Personal Communications System," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,vol.46,No.2,May 1997.
[82]S.Mohan and R.Jain,"Two User Location Strategies for Personal Communications Services," IEEE Personal Communications,First Quarter 1994.
[83]周华春,张宏科,秦雅娟,“基于网络的区域移动性管理协议性能分析”,北京交通大学学报,2007年第5期,Vol.31 No.5,Oct.2007.
[84]B.Sarikaya,et al.,"PMIPv6 Route Optimization Protocol",draft-qin-mipshop-pmipro-01.txt,November,2007.
[85]Vogt,C.,Kempf,J.,"Security Threats to Network-BasedLocalized Mobility Management",RFC 4832,September 2006.
[86]Arkko,J.,Vogt,C.,and W.Haddad,"Enhanced Route Optimization for Mobile IPv6",RFC 4866,May 2007.
[87]Sihun PARK,"Localized Proxy-MIPv6 with Route Optimization on IP-based Networks",IEICE TRANS.COMMUN.,Vol.E90-B,No.12 December 2007.
[88]X.Zhang,J.G.Castellanos,and A.T.Campbell,"P-MIP:Paging extensions for mobile IP," ACM Mobile Networks and Applications(MONET),vol.7,no.2,pp.127-141,April 2002.
[89]Jiang Xie and Ian F.Akyildiz,"An Optimal Location Management Scheme for Minimizing Signaling Cost in Mobile IP," Proc.IEEE International Conference on Communications(ICC 2002),vol.5,pp.3313-3317,2002.
[90]B.Lampson,V.Srinivasan,and G.Varghese,"IP lookups using multiway and multicolumn search",IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,vol.7,no.3,pp.324-334,June 1999.
[91]H-Y Tzeng,and T.Przygienda,"On fast address-lookup algorithms",IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications(JSAC),vol.17,no.6,pp.1067-1082,June 1999.
[92]Santa Barbara,"Ad Hoc Address Auto-Configuration," Internet Draft,Nokia Research Center and University of California,2001.
[93]R.Hinden,"IPv6 Multicast Address Assignments," Ipsilon Networks and Cisco,RFC2375,1998.
[94]T.Narten,E.Nordmark,W.Simpson,RFC 2461,"Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6(IPv6)",Internet Engineering Task Force,1998.
[95]S.Thomson,Bellcore,T.Narten,RFC 2462,"IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration",Internet Engineering Task Force,December 1998.
[96]Pack S,Choi Y."A Study on Performance of Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 in IP-Based Cellular Networks,",IEICE Trans.Commun.,2004,E872B(3):462-469.
[97]H.Faithi and R.Prasad,"Mobility Management for VoIP in 3G Systems:Evaluation of Low-Latency HandoffSchemes," IEEE Wireless Commun.,vol.12,no.2,Apr.2005,pp.96-104.
[98]Ki-Sik Kong,Wonjun Lee,Youn-Hee Han,Myung-Ki Shin and Heungryeol You,"Mobility Management for All-IP Mobile Networks:Mobile IPv6 vs.Proxy Mobile IPv6," IEEE Wireless Communications,April 2008,pp.36-45.
[99]胡涛,“移动IPv6快速切换机制研究及仿真,”,太原理工大学硕士论文,2007.6.
[100]刘悦,“WLAN网络以及移动性管理的若干技术研究,”,北京邮电大学硕士论文,2006.4.
[2]乐德广,“下一代互联网的移动性管理技术研究,”,厦门大学博士学位论文,2006.4.
[3]D.Johnson,C.Perkins,J.Arkko,RFC3775,“Mobility Support in IPv6”,Internet Engineering Task Force,June 2004
[4]Hesham Soliman,Claude Catelluccia,Karim El Malki,and Ludovic Bellier,“Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Mobility Management”,IETF RFC 4140,Aug 2005.
[5]R.Koodli,Ed,RFC 4068,“Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6”,Internet Engineering Task Force,July 2005.
[6]HeeYoung Jung et al.,“Fast Handover for Hierarchical MIPv6(FHMIPv6)”,IETF Draft draft-jung-mobopts-fhmipv6-00.txt,Oct.2005.
[7]S.Isobe,A.Iwasaki,K.Igarashi,and M.Yabusaki,“Handover with proactive anchor router relocation and data buffering,” IEICE Trans.Commun.,vol.E87-B,no.5,pp.1193-1201,May 2004.
[8]Lai,W.and Chiu,J.,“Improving handoff performance in wireless overlay networks by switching between two-layer IPv6 and one-layer IPv6 addressing”.IEEE J.Sel.Areas Commun.v23 ill.2129-2137,Nov.2005
[9]MALKI K E.“Low latency handoffs in mobile IPv4,”http://draft-ietf-mobileip-lowlatency-handoffs-v4-11.txt,2005.
[10]BLONDIA C.“Performance analysis of optimized smooth handoff in mobile IP,” International Workshop on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems,2002.22-29.
[11]I Vivaldi,M.H.Habaebi,B.M.Ali,and V.Prakesh.“Fast Handover Algorithm for Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Macro-Mobility Management”.9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications.APCC 2003,volume 2,pages 630-634,21-24Sept 2003
[12]SAHA D.“Mobility support in IP:a survey of related protocols,” IEEE Network,2004,18(6):40-44.
[13]CAMPBELL A T.“Comparison of IP micromobile protocols,” IEEE Wireless Commun[C]. 2002.72-82.
[14]A. Campbell, J. Gomez, S. Kim, A. Valko, C. Y. Wan, Z. Turanyi. "Design, implementation, and evaluation of cellular IP," IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 42-49, Aug. 2000.
[15] Andras G. Valko, "Cellular IP: A new approach to Internet host mobility," ACM Computer Communications Reviews, Jan. 1999
[16]R. Ramjee et al. "HAWAII: A domain-based approach for supporting mobility in wide-area wireless networks," IEEE/ACM Transactions on networking, 2002, 10(3):396-410.
[17]Subir Das, Archan Misra, Prathima Agrawal, Sajal K. Das, "TeleMIP: Telecommunications-enhanced mobile IP architecture for fast intradomain mobility," IEEE Personal Comunications, vol. 7, pp. 50-58, Aug. 2000.
[18]DEVARAPALLI V. "Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol," IETF RFC 3963, 2005.
[19]Eronen, P., "IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming Protocol (MOBIKE)",RFC 4555, June 2006.
[20]Kivinen, T., and Tschopfening, H., RFC4621 " Design of the IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming (MOBIKE) Protocol", August 2006.
[21]Moskowitz, R. and P. Nikander, "Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Architecture", RFC 4423, May 2006.
[22]Kempf, J., "Problem Statement for Network-based Localized Mobility Management", RFC4830, April 2007.
[23]Koodli, R., "IP Address Location Privacy and Mobile IPv6:Problem Statement", Work in Progress, February 2007.
[24] Laganier, J., "Network-based Localized Mobility Management Interface between Mobile Node and Access Router",draft-ietf-netlmm-mn-ar-if-01 (work in progress), June 2006.
[25]Kempf, J., "Problem Statement for Network-based Localized Mobility Management", RFC4830, April 2007.
[26]Kempf, J., "Goals for Network-based Localized Mobility Management (NETLMM)", RFC4831, April 2007.
[27]Kempf, J. and C. Vogt, "Security Threats to Network-Based Localized Mobility Management",RFC4832, April 2007.
[28] I. Akiyoshi, "NETLMM Protocol," Internet-draft, draft-akiyoshi-netlmm-protocol00.txt, April 2006.
[29] G. Giaretta, K. Leung, M. Liebsch, etc., "NetLMM Protocol",IETF internet draft, draft-giaretta-netlmm-dt-protocol-00.txt, June 19, 2006.
[30] K. Leung, V. Devarapalli and Azaire Networks/'Proxy Mobile IPv6",draft-ietf-netlmm-proxymip6-11.txt, February, 2008.
[31]A. Bedekar, A. Singh, V. Kumar, and S. Kalyanasundaram, "A Protocol for Network-based Localized Mobility Management", draft-singh-netlmm-protocol-02.txt, IETF draft, March 2007.
[32]H. Lewkovetz, Ed.., P. Roberts, " Network-Based Localised Mobility Management Protocol (NBLM)", Internet-Draft
[33]WiMAX End-to-End Network Systems Architecture,( Stage 2: Architecture Tenets, Reference Model and Reference Points)[EB/OL]. http//www. wimaxforum.org/technology/documents. Sep.2007.
[34]3GPP, 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): Report on Technical Options and Conclusions[S]. 3GPP TR23.882 0.10.1, 2006.
[35]P. Kim, S. Kim, J. Jin. "Fast Handovers for Proxy Mobile IPv6 without Inter-MAG Signaling",draft-pskim-netlmm-fastpmip6-00, November, 2007.
[36] Lee J.H. et al., "An Adaptive Inter-Mobility Supports Scheme for NetLMM", Second International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications (ICSNC 2007), 2007.
[37]A. Bedekar, A. Singh, V. Kumar, and S. Kalyanasundaram, "A Protocol for Network-based Localized Mobility Management", draft-singh-netlmm-protocol-02.txt, IETF draft, March 2007.
[38] M He, TD Todd, D Zhao, V Kezys "Ad hoc assisted handoff for real-time voice in IEEE 802.11 infrastructure", WLANs Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2004.
[39]Hongbo Zhou, Matt W. Mutka and Lionel M. Ni, "IP address handoff in the MANET, "INFOCOM 2004.
[40]Zygmunt.J.Hass, Ben Liang. "Ad hoc Mobility Management with Randomized Database Groups. International Conference on Communications. Vancouver, " Canada, IEEE, 1999:1756-1762.
[41]Guangyu Pei, Mario Gerla. "Mobility Management in Hierarchical Multi-hop Mobile Wireless Networks," Eight International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, Boston, IEEE, 1999: 324-329.
[42] W. Su and M. Gerla, "IPv6 flow handoff in ad hoc wireless networks using mobility prediction," in Proc. Global Telecommunications Conf., (GLOBECOM) '99, vol. 1a, 1999.
[43]X.Wu, S.-H.G. Chan, and B. Mukherjee, "MADF: A novel approach to add an ad-hoc overlay on a fixed cellular infrastructure," in Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conf.(WCNC) 2000,vol.2,2000,pp.549-554.
[44]李茹,“移动Adhoc网络全局互联,”,中国科学院计算所博士论文,2005年5月.
[45]Y.-Z.Huang,"Dynamic Adaptive Routing for Heterogeneous Wireless Network," M.S.Thesis,National Central University,West Lafayette,IN,2001.
[46]HC Chao,CY Huang,"Micro-mobility mechanism for smooth handoffs in an integrated ad-hoc and cellular IPv6 network under high-speed movement" IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2003.
[47]J.Zhang,D.A.J.Pearce,and T.C.Tozer."Two-way Registration:a Fast Handover Scheme for IPv4 Macro-Mobility Management".In 15th IEEE International Symposium on Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,volume 2,pages 1252-1256,5-8 Sept 2004.
[48]Josep Mangues-Bafalluy et al.,"IP Mobility:Macromobility,Micromobility,Quality of Service and Security",www.upgrade-cepis.org/issues/2004/1/up5-1Mangues.pdf.
[49]T.Narten,E.Nordmark,W.Simpson,RFC 2461,"Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6(IPv6)",Internet Engineering Task Force,1998.
[50]S.Thomson,Bellcore,T.Narten,RFC 2462,"IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration",Internet Engineering Task Force,December 1998.
[51]Mohamed Khalil,Haseeb Akhtar,Emad Qaddoura,Charles E.Perkins,Albrto E.Cerpa,"Buffer management for Mobile IP",draft-mkhalil-mobile-buffer-00.txt,Internet Engineering Task Force,April 2000.
[52]Hyun-Ho Choi,Osok Song,Dong-Ho Cho,"A Seamless Handoff Scheme for UMTS-WLAN Interworking",IEEE Communications Society Globecom 2004.
[53]H.-C Chao,Y.-M.Chu,and M.-T.Lin,"The implication of the next generation wireless network design:Cellular mobile IPv6",IEEE Trans.Consumer Electron,vol.46,pp.656-663,Aug.2000.
[54]Jang Hyun Baek Jae Young Seo,Seog Ku Lim,and Douglas C.Sicker,"An Enhanced Location-Based Location Update Scheme in Mobile Cellular Networks," ETRI J.,vol.27,no.4,Aug.2005,pp.457-460.
[55]Mohamed El Hachimi,Adelhafid Abouaissa,and Pascal Lorenz,"Multicast Support in DiffServ Using Mobile Agents," ETRI J.,vol.27,no.1,Feb.2005,pp.13-21.
[56]I Vivaldi,M.H.Habaebi,B.M.Ali,and V.Prakesh."Fast Handover Algorithm for Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Macro-Mobility Management".9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications.APCC 2003,volume 2,pages 630-634,21-24 Sept 2003.
[57]G.Giaretta,"Network-based localized mobility management with distributed routers," Internet-draft,draft-giaretta-netlmm-protocol-00.txt,October 14,2005.
[58]K.Omae,M.Inoue,I.Okajima,and N.Umeda,"Handoff performance of mobile host and mobile router employing HMIP extension," Proc.IEEE Wireless Commun.Netw.,vol.2,Mar.2003,pp.1218-1223.
[59]Akiyoshi,"NETLMM Protocol," Internet-draft,draft-akiyoshi-netlmm-protoco.00.txt,April 2006.
[60]T.T.Kwon,M.Gerla,and S.Das,"Mobility management for VoIP service:Mobile IP vs.SIP," IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun.,vol.9,no 5,pp.66-75,Oct.2002.
[61]Fathi,H.Chakraborty,S.S.Prasad,R.Aalborg Univ,"Optimization of Mobile IPv6-Based Handovers to Support VoIP Services in Wireless Heterogeneous Networks," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,Vol.56,PP.260-270,Jan.2007.
[62]Kent,S.and K.Seo,"Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol",RFC 4301,December 2005.
[63]Kent,S.,"IP Encapsulating Security Payload(ESP)",RFC 4303,December 2005.
[64]Ved P.Kafle,"Performance improvement of mobility management in IP-based wireless networks," Ph.D.Thesis,Department of Informatics,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies,Japan,September 2006.
[65]A.Stephane and A.H.Aghvami,"Fast handover schemes for futurewireless IP networks:A proposal and analysis," in Proc.53rd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf.(VTC) 2001,vol.3,Spring 2001,pp.2046-2050.
[66]杨天武,蒋铃鸽,“MIPv6网络中基于平衡机制的最佳路由器广播周期,”,上海交通大学学报,2004年04期.
[67]I.Akiyoshi,"NETLMM Protocol," Internet-draft,draft-akiyoshi-netlmm-protocol00.txt,April 2006.
[68]G.Giaretta,K.Leung,M.Liebsch,etc.,"NetLMM Protocol",IETF internet draft,draft-giaretta-netlmm-dt-protocol-00.txt,June 19,2006.
[69]Laganier,J.,"Network-based Localized Mobility Management Interface between Mobile Node and Access Router",draft-ietf-netlmm-mn-ar-if-01(work in progress),June 2006.
[70]魏彬,“基于网络的区域移动性管理协议研究”,中国科技论文在线http://www.paper.edu.cn,2007.
[71]梁伟为,“基于网络的本地移动性管理方法”,中国科技论文在线 http://www.paper.edu.cn,2007.
[72]H.Lewkovetz,Ed..,P.Roberts,"Network-Based Localised Mobility Management Protocol(NBLM)",Internet-Draft
[73]Koodli,R.,"IP Address Location Privacy and Mobile IPv6:Problem Statement",Work in Progress,February 2007.
[74]P.Kim,S.Kim,J.Jin."Fast Handovers for Proxy Mobile IPv6 without Inter-MAG Signaling",draft-pskim-netlmm-fastpmip6-00,November,2007.
[75]Sihun Park."Fast Localized Proxy Mobile IPv6(FLPMIPv6)",IETF Draft,draft-park-netlmm-fastpmip-00.txt,February 26,2007.
[76]F.Xia."Mobile Node Agnostic Fast Handovers for Proxy Mobile IPv6",IETF Draft,draft-xia-netlmm-fmip-mnagno-02,November 18,2007.
[77]H.Yokota."Fast Handovers for PMIPv6" IETF Draft,draft-yokota-mipshop-pfmipv6-00.txt,June 2007.
[78]T.T.Kwon,M.Gerla,and S.Das,"Mobility management for VoIP service:Mobile IP vs.SIP," IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun.,vol.9,no.5,pp.66-75,Oct.2002.
[79]Sihun PARK,"Localized Proxy-MIPv6 with Route Optimization on IP-based Networks",IEICE T-RANS.COMMUN.,Vol.E90-B,No.12 December 2007.
[80]X.Zhang,J.G.Castellanos,and A.T.Campbell,"P-MIP:Paging extensions for mobile IP," ACM Mobile Networks and Applications(MONET),vol.7,no.2,pp.127-141,April 2002.
[81]T.Brown and S.Mohan,"Mobility Management for Personal Communications System," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,vol.46,No.2,May 1997.
[82]S.Mohan and R.Jain,"Two User Location Strategies for Personal Communications Services," IEEE Personal Communications,First Quarter 1994.
[83]周华春,张宏科,秦雅娟,“基于网络的区域移动性管理协议性能分析”,北京交通大学学报,2007年第5期,Vol.31 No.5,Oct.2007.
[84]B.Sarikaya,et al.,"PMIPv6 Route Optimization Protocol",draft-qin-mipshop-pmipro-01.txt,November,2007.
[85]Vogt,C.,Kempf,J.,"Security Threats to Network-BasedLocalized Mobility Management",RFC 4832,September 2006.
[86]Arkko,J.,Vogt,C.,and W.Haddad,"Enhanced Route Optimization for Mobile IPv6",RFC 4866,May 2007.
[87]Sihun PARK,"Localized Proxy-MIPv6 with Route Optimization on IP-based Networks",IEICE TRANS.COMMUN.,Vol.E90-B,No.12 December 2007.
[88]X.Zhang,J.G.Castellanos,and A.T.Campbell,"P-MIP:Paging extensions for mobile IP," ACM Mobile Networks and Applications(MONET),vol.7,no.2,pp.127-141,April 2002.
[89]Jiang Xie and Ian F.Akyildiz,"An Optimal Location Management Scheme for Minimizing Signaling Cost in Mobile IP," Proc.IEEE International Conference on Communications(ICC 2002),vol.5,pp.3313-3317,2002.
[90]B.Lampson,V.Srinivasan,and G.Varghese,"IP lookups using multiway and multicolumn search",IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,vol.7,no.3,pp.324-334,June 1999.
[91]H-Y Tzeng,and T.Przygienda,"On fast address-lookup algorithms",IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications(JSAC),vol.17,no.6,pp.1067-1082,June 1999.
[92]Santa Barbara,"Ad Hoc Address Auto-Configuration," Internet Draft,Nokia Research Center and University of California,2001.
[93]R.Hinden,"IPv6 Multicast Address Assignments," Ipsilon Networks and Cisco,RFC2375,1998.
[94]T.Narten,E.Nordmark,W.Simpson,RFC 2461,"Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6(IPv6)",Internet Engineering Task Force,1998.
[95]S.Thomson,Bellcore,T.Narten,RFC 2462,"IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration",Internet Engineering Task Force,December 1998.
[96]Pack S,Choi Y."A Study on Performance of Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 in IP-Based Cellular Networks,",IEICE Trans.Commun.,2004,E872B(3):462-469.
[97]H.Faithi and R.Prasad,"Mobility Management for VoIP in 3G Systems:Evaluation of Low-Latency HandoffSchemes," IEEE Wireless Commun.,vol.12,no.2,Apr.2005,pp.96-104.
[98]Ki-Sik Kong,Wonjun Lee,Youn-Hee Han,Myung-Ki Shin and Heungryeol You,"Mobility Management for All-IP Mobile Networks:Mobile IPv6 vs.Proxy Mobile IPv6," IEEE Wireless Communications,April 2008,pp.36-45.
[99]胡涛,“移动IPv6快速切换机制研究及仿真,”,太原理工大学硕士论文,2007.6.
[100]刘悦,“WLAN网络以及移动性管理的若干技术研究,”,北京邮电大学硕士论文,2006.4.