我国蔬菜主产地形成及其经济效应研究
|
摘要
改革开放以来,我国蔬菜生产规模不断扩大,蔬菜产业在种植业中的地位越来越重要,已成为世界上最大的蔬菜生产大国和贸易大国。1985年我国蔬菜的播种面积仅4753千公顷,2009年已经扩大到18414千公顷,年平均增长率达5.81%；蔬菜总产量由1985年的8243万吨增加到2009年60000.02万吨,年平均率为8.62%。现阶段,我国的蔬菜产业已成为中仅次于粮食的第二大种植产业,其产值由1987年的379.18亿元增加到2009年的8800亿元,占农林牧渔产值的比重由1987年的8.17%上升到2009年的24.98%,高于渔业、林业的产值。我国也发展成为世界上蔬菜播种面积最大,产量最多的国家。
伴随着蔬菜产业的快速发展,我国蔬菜产业经历了由计划经济向市场经济的转变,蔬菜生产在空间上呈现集中的趋势。这种蔬菜产业的集中主要表现：一是,我国蔬菜播种面积和产量的集中度显著提高。二是,蔬菜集中趋势已由面积和产量的扩张、集中向产地分工,蔬菜品种的特化、集中转变。随着蔬菜产地集中,各蔬菜产地间的竞争日趋激烈,其竞争策略已经从早期的单纯的追求面积的扩张向品种的改善升级转变。我国的蔬菜产地正是经历了这种产地间竞争使得传统的产地结构发生变化,新兴的产地不断兴起,蔬菜生产在空间上呈现出集中的趋势,形成了一批专业化程度高,特色非常明显的蔬菜集中产地,我们称其主产地。
农产品产地布局与产地变动的影响因素主要是自然条件,技术进步,市场和运输条件,资本,历史情况等,这些因素相互交织、相互联系,共同影响和决定着某一农产品生产格局发展的轨迹,这已得到相关的理论研究和实证研究的证实。
农产品产地集中能够促进农业经济的增长,推动农业经济的发展。一方面,农业生产布局的专业化,使各地区充分发挥其比较优势,实现资源的合理配置,有力地推动蔬菜产业的发展,促进农业经济增长。另一方面,农业产地集中其形成和发展能有效促进农业的进一步扩大,改善和优化地区农业产业结构,带动农业相关产业和部门的发展,并减少当地贫困、增加就业、增加农民收入,最终推动地区农业经济发展。
因此,本文将以我国蔬菜产业为研究对象,分析我国蔬菜产地集中的现状和特征,并借鉴产地集中和主产地形成等相关理论探讨我国蔬菜主产地形成的影响因素,并从农户的微观角度进行实证研究,进一步基于产业集聚经济的外部性理论,从我国蔬菜主产地形成对区域农业经济增长和对县域农业经济发展两方面研究我国蔬菜主产地形成的经济效应。。本文共分为9章,具体研究内容和结论陈述如下：
研究内容一：我国蔬菜产地集中的现状、特征及其与美国的比较。
本文运用测算农业区域专业化的相关指数,测算我国以及各省份蔬菜作物的集中度和区域专业化水平,研究发现(1)从全国层面上,我国蔬菜产业的整体集中程度偏低,但改革开放以来我国蔬菜产区逐渐由城郊向农区转移,蔬菜产区由分散走向集中,且我国蔬菜主产区的专业化水平较高,我国蔬菜主产区的集中更明显出现在在县级层面。(2)美国蔬菜生产布局呈明显的区域化、专业化生产布局,美国蔬菜种植面积、产量的集中程度均明显高于我国。(3)通过对不同蔬菜品种的比较,发现总体上美国各蔬菜品种集中程度均高于我国,不同品种的生产区域布局的发展趋势不同,主要有五种类型,第一,由分散生产转向高度集中趋势；第二,由高度集中转向分散趋势；第三,集中程度一直较高；第四,一些品种没有明显的产地集中；第五,在原有蔬菜主产地的播种面积的比例年度变化不大的基础上,出现一些新兴的主产地。优越的土地资源条件、技术进步、市场需求和规模、交通的改善以及政府政策都有利于美国蔬菜的区域专业化布局。这都为我国蔬菜产业生产布局规划发展提供了很好经验借鉴。
研究内容二：我国蔬菜种植户的生产决策的市场敏感性分析。
本文采用面板数据的计量模型,分析我国蔬菜种植户其生产决策的作用机理和影响因素。研究结果表明蔬菜和其他替代农作物生产的相对比较收益、该地区非农就业水平的较大变化和以往农户蔬菜生产决策都会影响我国蔬菜种植户当年的种植决策。实证结果印证了我国的蔬菜种植户能较为敏感的根据市场信息调整其生产决策,从而影响我国蔬菜的产地布局,因此有必要从农户的微观角度研究我国蔬菜主产地形成的影响因素。
研究内容三：我国蔬菜主产地形成的影响因素。
本文借鉴了产地集中和主产地形成等相关理论,探讨我国蔬菜主产地形成的影响因素,进一步以山东寿光蔬菜种植户为研究对象,利用结构方程模型实证分析我国蔬菜主产地形成的影响因素。结果表明,要素禀赋对我国蔬菜主产地形成的影响被弱化,可能的原因是由于一方面在我国蔬菜生产实际发展过程中,随着大棚、薄膜、灌溉等技术的应用,使得气候等传统意义上的自然条件对我国蔬菜种植的限制作用日益降低；另一方面从本文所调查的情况看,农户蔬菜种植平均规模相对较小,加之当地有大量的流动劳动力,使得农户对资金以及劳动力投入需求的影响减小,因此传统意义上的要素禀赋因素对我国蔬菜主产地的形成影响被弱化。技术进步、交通条件、市场需求和规模、知识溢出、政府政策对我国蔬菜主产地形成具有显著的正向影响。其中,政府政策的影响程度最大,之后依次为市场需求和规模、交通条件、技术进步、知识溢出和要素禀赋。此外,政府政策对知识溢出也有显著正向影响。
研究内容四：我国蔬菜主产地形成对区域农业经济增长的影响。
本文基于产业集聚的外部性理论,构建农业经济增长模型,分析我国蔬菜主产地的形成对区域农业经济增长的影响。研究发现,我国蔬菜主产地形成对区域蔬菜经济增长的有显著的正向影响。这是因为蔬菜主产地形成因集聚经济存在,吸引土地、劳动力和资本等生产要素供给数量的增加,并促进蔬菜主产区农业产业结构的转变,从而推动蔬菜主产区的农业经济增长,同时因蔬菜主产地形成因其集聚经济外部性,使技术溢出变得可能,利于技术在蔬菜生产过程中传播快,运用广,进而推动农业经济增长。蔬菜作为主产区的主要农业之一,蔬菜产业的经济增长对区域农业经济增长的作用明显,表明我国蔬菜主产地的形成可以促进区域农业经济增长。
研究内容五：我国蔬菜主产地形成对县域农业经济发展的影响。
本文从中观层面,以我国最大的蔬菜产地寿光为对象,运用描述性分析、比较分析和统计分析的方法,探讨我国蔬菜主产地的形成对县域农业经济发展的影响。发现(1)山东寿光主产地的形成推动蔬菜产业的自身的成长。(2)寿光蔬菜主产地形成,推动当地农业产业结构发生变动。(3)寿光蔬菜主产地的形成带动了与相关的产业的发展。(4)山东寿光蔬菜主产地的形成提高了农户收入。通过全文分析,本文提出了以下的政策建议：
第一,优化农产品生产布局,依靠本地区的比较优势,发展主导农产业。
第二,加大科技投入,加强农业科技推广和科技服务工作。
第三,加强道路交通等基础设施的建设。
第四,进一步完善农产品市场环境。
Since economic reform and open up in China, the vegetable production scale becomes larger and larger, and the position of vegetable industry in agriculture becomes more and more important and vegetable industry of China is the largest production and trade country in the world. The vegetable sown area was only 4753 thousand hectares in 1985 and it was expanded to 18414 thousand hectares in 2009 which the annual average growth rate of vegetable sown area was 5.81%, and total vegetable yield was increased from 82.43 million tons in 1985 to 600.02 million tons in 2009 which the annual average rate of vegetable yield was 8.62%. Vegetable industry has been developed to the second largest plant industry which is only followed by the grain industry and the output value of vegetable industry was increased from 37.92 million yuan in 1987 to 880 million yuan in 2009. The sown area and the yield of vegetable industry in China has become the largest country in the world.
With the rapid development of vegetable industry, the vegetable industry has changed from the planned economy to market economy and the vegetable production areas have appeared the trend of spatial concentration in China.The main appearance of the vegetable industry concentration are the first the concentration degrees of the sown area and the yield of vegetable are significant increased, respectively, the second the concentration trend of vegetable industry has changed from the expansion of the sown area and the yield of vegetable to the varieties specialization and the concentration of vegetable.With the development of the vegetable production area concentration, the competition among the vegetable production areas is intense and the competitive strategy has been changed from simply the expansion of the sown area and the yield of vegetable in the early period to the the improvement and the upgrade of vegetable variety. Since the competition among these vegetable production areas, the structure change of production area took place, the new production areas emerged, and the concentration tread of vegetable production in the space has been emerged. The high specialized and obvious characteristics of vegetable concentrated production areas have been formatted which is called the main production area.
The influencing factors of the distribution and the change of agricultural production areas are natural condition, technology, market, transportation, capital and history condition and these factors together influence and determine the development path of agricultural production distribution, and this phenomenon has been proved by the studies of theorial and empirical.
The concentration of agricultural production areas can promote the growth and the development of agricultural economy. One hand, the sepecializated distribution of agriculture can play each region comparative advantage and realized the reasonable distribution of resources which accelerate vegetable industry development and promote the agricultural economic growth.On the other hand, the concentration of agricultural production areas can promote the expansion of the agricultural industry, improve and agricultural industrial structure, drive the development of vegetable releted industry, and increase rural household income.
This study is to take the vegetable industry as study object, study the status and the characteristics of the vegetable industry concentration in China, and then base on the theories of production area concentration and the formation of main production areas to analyze the influencing factors of the main vegetable production areas formation in China. This study futher employs the externality theory of industrial agglomeration to explore the economic effect of the formation of main vegetable production areas from two perspectives of the economic effect on the regional agricultural economic growth and county agricultural economic development, respectively. The results provide the new perspective to the future related theory study and policy formulation. This study is included nine chapters, and the detailed study contents and conclusions are as follows:
Part1:the status and the characteristic of the concentration of vegetable production areas in China and the comparison with the U.S.A.
This study employs the indexes of HHI, CRn, LQ, and K to measure the concentration degree and the regional specialization of vegetable industry in China and each production region. The results show that (1) the overall concentration degree of vegetable industry is low, but the vegetable production areas gradually transferred from the city to the suburbs, and from the scatter to the concentration, and the specialization level of vegetable production regions is high and the concentration of main vegetable production significantly appeared in county level. (2) the distribution of vegetable production layouts obvious regionalization and specialization in the U.S.A, the concentration degree of vegetable industry are higher than China's. (3)According to the comparison of different vegetable varieties between these two countries, the results show that the concentration degrees of each vegetable variety are higher in the U.S.A than China's and the change trends of different vegetable varieties production region distribution are different which five types exist, the first trend is the distribution from scatter production to high concentration, the second trend is the distribution from high concentration to scatter production, the third is the concentration degree is still high, the fourth trend is some vegetable varieties have no significant production concentration phenomenon, the last the new vegetable main production areas appear which the original vegetable main production areas have no change.According to the comparision, the main reasons of the specialized distribution of vegetable industry in the U.S.A are results from natural condition, technology advance, market demand and scale, transportation condition and government policies. These are valuable experimences for the vegetable development of China.
Part2:the market sensitive analysis of the plant decision of vegetable growers in China.
The panel date econometrics model is used to analyze the mechanism and the influencing factors of plant decision of vegetable growers in China in this chapter. The study results show that the plant decision of vegetable growers are significant positively influenced by the relative comparative revenues between vegetable and other crops, a great change of non-farm employment level in local region and the vegetable production decision-making of farmer households in the previous year.The study results are in accordance with this study theory anticipation and prove that vegetable growers can sensitively depend on the market information to adjust their plant decision, and futher influence vegetable production areas distribution in China, hence it is necessary to study the influencing factors of the formation of main vegetable production areas from perspective of the rural household.
Part 3:the influencing factors of the formation of main vegetable production areas.
This study first analyzes the influencing factors of the formation of the main vegetable production areas and decribes the differences of these influcening factors among different regions and then bases on the theories of production area concentration and the formation of main production areas and utilizes structural equation model to analyze the influencing factors of the formation of the main vegetable production areas which is from the perspective of rural households. The study results show that the influencing factors of the formation of main vegetable production areas are very complex. Factor endowment has a weak positive effect on the formation, technology, transportation, market demand and scale, knowledge spillover and government policies have a significant positive effect on the formation of the main vegetable production area. However, Furthermore, government policies have the greatest impact, market demand, scale, traffic, technology, knowledge spillover and factor endowment are followed afterwards and government policies also have a positive effect on knowledge spillover.
Part 4:The role of the formation of main vegetable production areas on the regional agricultural economic growth.
Based on the external theory of industrial agglomeration, the study employs the growth modle of agricultural economic to study the role of the formation of main vegetable production areas on the regional agricultural economic growth. The results show that the formation of main vegetable production areas has the significant positive role on regional vegetable economic growth. The formation of main vegetable production areas results in the increasing the inputs of production factors-labor, land and capital in vegetable production and changing the structure of regional agriculture and then promoting regional vegetable industrial economic growth. Hence the externality of formation of main vegetable production areas exists-technology spillovers which can promote the vegetable plant technology spread quickly and used widely, and then promote regional vegetable economic growth. Vegetable industry is one of main agriculture in main vegetable production areas and its output value has significant positive correlation on agricultural output value. The vegetable industry as one of the main agriculture in main vegetable production areas, the economic growth of vegetable industry has significant role to promote the local economic growth of agriculture.
Part 5:the effect of formation of vegetable main production areas on the county agricultural economic development.
This study is to take the shouguang as the study object and analyze the effect of the formation of vegetable main production areas on the agricultural economic development of county. The study results realed that (1) the concentration of vegetable production areas promotes the vegetable industry growth. (2) the formation of main vegetable production areas can bring the change of local agricultural industrial structure.and. (3) the formation of vegetable main production areas drives the development of the related industries..(4) the formation of vegetable main production areas can increase the income of rurual households.
Through this study, this study proposes the following policy recommendations:
Firstly, the distribution of agricultural products should be optimized which play regional comparative advantage and develop leading agricultural industry.
Secondly, the investment of the science and the technology and the promotion and the service of agricultural science and technology should be increased.
Thirdly, the construction of the infrastructure should be strengthened.
Last, the environment of agricultural products market should be improved.
伴随着蔬菜产业的快速发展,我国蔬菜产业经历了由计划经济向市场经济的转变,蔬菜生产在空间上呈现集中的趋势。这种蔬菜产业的集中主要表现：一是,我国蔬菜播种面积和产量的集中度显著提高。二是,蔬菜集中趋势已由面积和产量的扩张、集中向产地分工,蔬菜品种的特化、集中转变。随着蔬菜产地集中,各蔬菜产地间的竞争日趋激烈,其竞争策略已经从早期的单纯的追求面积的扩张向品种的改善升级转变。我国的蔬菜产地正是经历了这种产地间竞争使得传统的产地结构发生变化,新兴的产地不断兴起,蔬菜生产在空间上呈现出集中的趋势,形成了一批专业化程度高,特色非常明显的蔬菜集中产地,我们称其主产地。
农产品产地布局与产地变动的影响因素主要是自然条件,技术进步,市场和运输条件,资本,历史情况等,这些因素相互交织、相互联系,共同影响和决定着某一农产品生产格局发展的轨迹,这已得到相关的理论研究和实证研究的证实。
农产品产地集中能够促进农业经济的增长,推动农业经济的发展。一方面,农业生产布局的专业化,使各地区充分发挥其比较优势,实现资源的合理配置,有力地推动蔬菜产业的发展,促进农业经济增长。另一方面,农业产地集中其形成和发展能有效促进农业的进一步扩大,改善和优化地区农业产业结构,带动农业相关产业和部门的发展,并减少当地贫困、增加就业、增加农民收入,最终推动地区农业经济发展。
因此,本文将以我国蔬菜产业为研究对象,分析我国蔬菜产地集中的现状和特征,并借鉴产地集中和主产地形成等相关理论探讨我国蔬菜主产地形成的影响因素,并从农户的微观角度进行实证研究,进一步基于产业集聚经济的外部性理论,从我国蔬菜主产地形成对区域农业经济增长和对县域农业经济发展两方面研究我国蔬菜主产地形成的经济效应。。本文共分为9章,具体研究内容和结论陈述如下：
研究内容一：我国蔬菜产地集中的现状、特征及其与美国的比较。
本文运用测算农业区域专业化的相关指数,测算我国以及各省份蔬菜作物的集中度和区域专业化水平,研究发现(1)从全国层面上,我国蔬菜产业的整体集中程度偏低,但改革开放以来我国蔬菜产区逐渐由城郊向农区转移,蔬菜产区由分散走向集中,且我国蔬菜主产区的专业化水平较高,我国蔬菜主产区的集中更明显出现在在县级层面。(2)美国蔬菜生产布局呈明显的区域化、专业化生产布局,美国蔬菜种植面积、产量的集中程度均明显高于我国。(3)通过对不同蔬菜品种的比较,发现总体上美国各蔬菜品种集中程度均高于我国,不同品种的生产区域布局的发展趋势不同,主要有五种类型,第一,由分散生产转向高度集中趋势；第二,由高度集中转向分散趋势；第三,集中程度一直较高；第四,一些品种没有明显的产地集中；第五,在原有蔬菜主产地的播种面积的比例年度变化不大的基础上,出现一些新兴的主产地。优越的土地资源条件、技术进步、市场需求和规模、交通的改善以及政府政策都有利于美国蔬菜的区域专业化布局。这都为我国蔬菜产业生产布局规划发展提供了很好经验借鉴。
研究内容二：我国蔬菜种植户的生产决策的市场敏感性分析。
本文采用面板数据的计量模型,分析我国蔬菜种植户其生产决策的作用机理和影响因素。研究结果表明蔬菜和其他替代农作物生产的相对比较收益、该地区非农就业水平的较大变化和以往农户蔬菜生产决策都会影响我国蔬菜种植户当年的种植决策。实证结果印证了我国的蔬菜种植户能较为敏感的根据市场信息调整其生产决策,从而影响我国蔬菜的产地布局,因此有必要从农户的微观角度研究我国蔬菜主产地形成的影响因素。
研究内容三：我国蔬菜主产地形成的影响因素。
本文借鉴了产地集中和主产地形成等相关理论,探讨我国蔬菜主产地形成的影响因素,进一步以山东寿光蔬菜种植户为研究对象,利用结构方程模型实证分析我国蔬菜主产地形成的影响因素。结果表明,要素禀赋对我国蔬菜主产地形成的影响被弱化,可能的原因是由于一方面在我国蔬菜生产实际发展过程中,随着大棚、薄膜、灌溉等技术的应用,使得气候等传统意义上的自然条件对我国蔬菜种植的限制作用日益降低；另一方面从本文所调查的情况看,农户蔬菜种植平均规模相对较小,加之当地有大量的流动劳动力,使得农户对资金以及劳动力投入需求的影响减小,因此传统意义上的要素禀赋因素对我国蔬菜主产地的形成影响被弱化。技术进步、交通条件、市场需求和规模、知识溢出、政府政策对我国蔬菜主产地形成具有显著的正向影响。其中,政府政策的影响程度最大,之后依次为市场需求和规模、交通条件、技术进步、知识溢出和要素禀赋。此外,政府政策对知识溢出也有显著正向影响。
研究内容四：我国蔬菜主产地形成对区域农业经济增长的影响。
本文基于产业集聚的外部性理论,构建农业经济增长模型,分析我国蔬菜主产地的形成对区域农业经济增长的影响。研究发现,我国蔬菜主产地形成对区域蔬菜经济增长的有显著的正向影响。这是因为蔬菜主产地形成因集聚经济存在,吸引土地、劳动力和资本等生产要素供给数量的增加,并促进蔬菜主产区农业产业结构的转变,从而推动蔬菜主产区的农业经济增长,同时因蔬菜主产地形成因其集聚经济外部性,使技术溢出变得可能,利于技术在蔬菜生产过程中传播快,运用广,进而推动农业经济增长。蔬菜作为主产区的主要农业之一,蔬菜产业的经济增长对区域农业经济增长的作用明显,表明我国蔬菜主产地的形成可以促进区域农业经济增长。
研究内容五：我国蔬菜主产地形成对县域农业经济发展的影响。
本文从中观层面,以我国最大的蔬菜产地寿光为对象,运用描述性分析、比较分析和统计分析的方法,探讨我国蔬菜主产地的形成对县域农业经济发展的影响。发现(1)山东寿光主产地的形成推动蔬菜产业的自身的成长。(2)寿光蔬菜主产地形成,推动当地农业产业结构发生变动。(3)寿光蔬菜主产地的形成带动了与相关的产业的发展。(4)山东寿光蔬菜主产地的形成提高了农户收入。通过全文分析,本文提出了以下的政策建议：
第一,优化农产品生产布局,依靠本地区的比较优势,发展主导农产业。
第二,加大科技投入,加强农业科技推广和科技服务工作。
第三,加强道路交通等基础设施的建设。
第四,进一步完善农产品市场环境。
Since economic reform and open up in China, the vegetable production scale becomes larger and larger, and the position of vegetable industry in agriculture becomes more and more important and vegetable industry of China is the largest production and trade country in the world. The vegetable sown area was only 4753 thousand hectares in 1985 and it was expanded to 18414 thousand hectares in 2009 which the annual average growth rate of vegetable sown area was 5.81%, and total vegetable yield was increased from 82.43 million tons in 1985 to 600.02 million tons in 2009 which the annual average rate of vegetable yield was 8.62%. Vegetable industry has been developed to the second largest plant industry which is only followed by the grain industry and the output value of vegetable industry was increased from 37.92 million yuan in 1987 to 880 million yuan in 2009. The sown area and the yield of vegetable industry in China has become the largest country in the world.
With the rapid development of vegetable industry, the vegetable industry has changed from the planned economy to market economy and the vegetable production areas have appeared the trend of spatial concentration in China.The main appearance of the vegetable industry concentration are the first the concentration degrees of the sown area and the yield of vegetable are significant increased, respectively, the second the concentration trend of vegetable industry has changed from the expansion of the sown area and the yield of vegetable to the varieties specialization and the concentration of vegetable.With the development of the vegetable production area concentration, the competition among the vegetable production areas is intense and the competitive strategy has been changed from simply the expansion of the sown area and the yield of vegetable in the early period to the the improvement and the upgrade of vegetable variety. Since the competition among these vegetable production areas, the structure change of production area took place, the new production areas emerged, and the concentration tread of vegetable production in the space has been emerged. The high specialized and obvious characteristics of vegetable concentrated production areas have been formatted which is called the main production area.
The influencing factors of the distribution and the change of agricultural production areas are natural condition, technology, market, transportation, capital and history condition and these factors together influence and determine the development path of agricultural production distribution, and this phenomenon has been proved by the studies of theorial and empirical.
The concentration of agricultural production areas can promote the growth and the development of agricultural economy. One hand, the sepecializated distribution of agriculture can play each region comparative advantage and realized the reasonable distribution of resources which accelerate vegetable industry development and promote the agricultural economic growth.On the other hand, the concentration of agricultural production areas can promote the expansion of the agricultural industry, improve and agricultural industrial structure, drive the development of vegetable releted industry, and increase rural household income.
This study is to take the vegetable industry as study object, study the status and the characteristics of the vegetable industry concentration in China, and then base on the theories of production area concentration and the formation of main production areas to analyze the influencing factors of the main vegetable production areas formation in China. This study futher employs the externality theory of industrial agglomeration to explore the economic effect of the formation of main vegetable production areas from two perspectives of the economic effect on the regional agricultural economic growth and county agricultural economic development, respectively. The results provide the new perspective to the future related theory study and policy formulation. This study is included nine chapters, and the detailed study contents and conclusions are as follows:
Part1:the status and the characteristic of the concentration of vegetable production areas in China and the comparison with the U.S.A.
This study employs the indexes of HHI, CRn, LQ, and K to measure the concentration degree and the regional specialization of vegetable industry in China and each production region. The results show that (1) the overall concentration degree of vegetable industry is low, but the vegetable production areas gradually transferred from the city to the suburbs, and from the scatter to the concentration, and the specialization level of vegetable production regions is high and the concentration of main vegetable production significantly appeared in county level. (2) the distribution of vegetable production layouts obvious regionalization and specialization in the U.S.A, the concentration degree of vegetable industry are higher than China's. (3)According to the comparison of different vegetable varieties between these two countries, the results show that the concentration degrees of each vegetable variety are higher in the U.S.A than China's and the change trends of different vegetable varieties production region distribution are different which five types exist, the first trend is the distribution from scatter production to high concentration, the second trend is the distribution from high concentration to scatter production, the third is the concentration degree is still high, the fourth trend is some vegetable varieties have no significant production concentration phenomenon, the last the new vegetable main production areas appear which the original vegetable main production areas have no change.According to the comparision, the main reasons of the specialized distribution of vegetable industry in the U.S.A are results from natural condition, technology advance, market demand and scale, transportation condition and government policies. These are valuable experimences for the vegetable development of China.
Part2:the market sensitive analysis of the plant decision of vegetable growers in China.
The panel date econometrics model is used to analyze the mechanism and the influencing factors of plant decision of vegetable growers in China in this chapter. The study results show that the plant decision of vegetable growers are significant positively influenced by the relative comparative revenues between vegetable and other crops, a great change of non-farm employment level in local region and the vegetable production decision-making of farmer households in the previous year.The study results are in accordance with this study theory anticipation and prove that vegetable growers can sensitively depend on the market information to adjust their plant decision, and futher influence vegetable production areas distribution in China, hence it is necessary to study the influencing factors of the formation of main vegetable production areas from perspective of the rural household.
Part 3:the influencing factors of the formation of main vegetable production areas.
This study first analyzes the influencing factors of the formation of the main vegetable production areas and decribes the differences of these influcening factors among different regions and then bases on the theories of production area concentration and the formation of main production areas and utilizes structural equation model to analyze the influencing factors of the formation of the main vegetable production areas which is from the perspective of rural households. The study results show that the influencing factors of the formation of main vegetable production areas are very complex. Factor endowment has a weak positive effect on the formation, technology, transportation, market demand and scale, knowledge spillover and government policies have a significant positive effect on the formation of the main vegetable production area. However, Furthermore, government policies have the greatest impact, market demand, scale, traffic, technology, knowledge spillover and factor endowment are followed afterwards and government policies also have a positive effect on knowledge spillover.
Part 4:The role of the formation of main vegetable production areas on the regional agricultural economic growth.
Based on the external theory of industrial agglomeration, the study employs the growth modle of agricultural economic to study the role of the formation of main vegetable production areas on the regional agricultural economic growth. The results show that the formation of main vegetable production areas has the significant positive role on regional vegetable economic growth. The formation of main vegetable production areas results in the increasing the inputs of production factors-labor, land and capital in vegetable production and changing the structure of regional agriculture and then promoting regional vegetable industrial economic growth. Hence the externality of formation of main vegetable production areas exists-technology spillovers which can promote the vegetable plant technology spread quickly and used widely, and then promote regional vegetable economic growth. Vegetable industry is one of main agriculture in main vegetable production areas and its output value has significant positive correlation on agricultural output value. The vegetable industry as one of the main agriculture in main vegetable production areas, the economic growth of vegetable industry has significant role to promote the local economic growth of agriculture.
Part 5:the effect of formation of vegetable main production areas on the county agricultural economic development.
This study is to take the shouguang as the study object and analyze the effect of the formation of vegetable main production areas on the agricultural economic development of county. The study results realed that (1) the concentration of vegetable production areas promotes the vegetable industry growth. (2) the formation of main vegetable production areas can bring the change of local agricultural industrial structure.and. (3) the formation of vegetable main production areas drives the development of the related industries..(4) the formation of vegetable main production areas can increase the income of rurual households.
Through this study, this study proposes the following policy recommendations:
Firstly, the distribution of agricultural products should be optimized which play regional comparative advantage and develop leading agricultural industry.
Secondly, the investment of the science and the technology and the promotion and the service of agricultural science and technology should be increased.
Thirdly, the construction of the infrastructure should be strengthened.
Last, the environment of agricultural products market should be improved.
引文
①数据来源：世界粮农组织：FAO数据库,http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx。
②数据来源：世界粮农组织：FAO数据库,http://faostat.fao.org/site/535/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=535#ancor。
③数据来源：中华人民共和国农业部编：《中国农业统计资料》(历年),中国农业出版社。
①赵建欣.农户安全蔬菜供给决策机制研究—基于河北、山东和浙江菜农的实证[D].浙江大学博士论文,2008年4月
1. Catherine J. Morrison Paul, Donald S. Siegel. Scale Economies and Industry Agglomeration Externalities:A Dynamic Cost Function Approach[J].American Economic Review,1999, 89(1):272-289.
2. Zmarak Shalizi, J.V. Henderson. Geography and Develop[R].The National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1,2001.
3. Philippe Martin, Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano. Growth and Agglomeration[J].International Economic Review,2001,42(4):947-968.
4. Fan C, Scott A. Industrial agglomeration and development:a survey of spatial economic issues in East Asia and a statistical analysis of Chinese regions[J].Economic Geography,2003(79):295-319.
5. Gary P. Green, William D. Heffernan. Economic dualism in American agriculture[J].Southern Rural Sociology,1984(2):1-10.
6. Friedland, W.H.. Commodity systems analysis:an approach to the sociology of Agriculture[J]. Research in Rural Sociology and Agriculture,1984(1):221-236.
7. Patrick H. Mooney.Toward a class analysis of Midwestern agriculture[J]. Rural Sociology,1983, 48(4):563-584.
8. Thomas L. Sporleder. Entropy Measures of Spatial Concentration in Poultry Processing[J]. Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics.1974 (7):133-137.
9. John D. Black. Social Implications of the Restriction of Agricultural Output[J].The American Economic Review,1931,21(1):114-124.
10. Roger W. Gray.An Economic Analysis of the Impact of the Price Support Program upon the Development of the Potato Industry in the United States [J].Journal of Farm Economics,1954,35(5): 1010-1013.
11. E.C. Wilcox. Local Data Requirements in Areas of High Agricultural [J].Journal of Farm Economics,1956,38(5):1455-1468.
12. Hui-Yuan Chen Wu, Robert L. Jack, Dale Colyer. The Northeast and Interregional Competition for Broilers[J].Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,1985(14):18-25.
13. Albert J. Allen, Maqsood Hussain. An Economic Evaluation of Highway Infrastructural Changes on Interregional Competition in the Potato Industry with Reference to Mississippi[J].Journal of Food Distribution Research,1993(24):179-180.
14. Charles Barnard, Gary Lucier. Urban Influence and the U.S. Vegetable industry[J].Economic Research Service/USDA,1998(11):32-40.
15. Takashi kurosaki. Specialization and diversification in agricultural transformation:the case of west Punjab,1903-92[J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2003(85):372-386.
16. Warren E. Johnston, Alex F. McCalla. Whither California Agriculture:Up, Down, or Out? Some Thought about the Future[R].Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources,August 2004.
17. P. Parthasarathy Rao, P.S. Birthal, P.K. Joshi, D. Kar. Agricultural Diversification in India and Role of Urbanization[R].International Food Policy Research Institute,2033 K Street, N.W.Washington, D.C.20006 U.S.A. August 2004.
18. Ricardo Mora, Carlos San Juan. Geographical specialisation in Spanish agriculture before and after integration in the European Union[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,2004 (34):309-320.
19. M.Shahe Emran, Forhad Shilpi. The Extent of the Market and Stages of Agricultural Specialization[R].Institute for International Economic Policy Working Papers Series Elliott School of International Affairs George Washington University, February 2008.
20. Weilian Chen, Hong-ou Zhang, Rongrong Wang, Jing Chen. Spatial Agglomeration Degree and Influencing Factors of Main Agricultural Products in Guangdong Province of China[J].Asian Agricultural Research,2009,1(4):41-43,52.
21. Lily Kiminami, Akira Kiminam.Agricultural clusters in China[C].the International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, Beijing, China, August 16-22,2009.
22. R. Tveteras, G.E. Battese. Agglomeration Externalities, Productivity and Technical Inefficiency[J]. Journal of Regional Science,2006,46(4):605-625.
23. Laure Latruffe, Kelvin Balcombe, Sofia Davidova. Technical and scale efficiency of crop and livestock farms in Poland:Does specialisation matter?[J].Agricultural Economics,2005, 32(3):281-296.
24. J. Omiti, F. Wanyoike, S.Staal, C. Delgado, L.Njoroge. Will Small-Scale Dairy Producers in Kenya Disappear Due to Economics of Scale in Production[C].International Association of Agricultural Economics Conference, Gold Coast, Australia, August 12-18,2006.
25. Takeshi Sakurai、Jun Furuya, Koichi Futakuchi. Rice Miller Cluster in Ghana and Its Effects on Efficiency and Quality Improvement[C].International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, Gold Coast, Australia, August 12-18,2006.
26. Larue S., Latruffe L.. Agglomeration Externalities and Technical Efficiency in Pig Production[C].12th Congress of the European Association of Agricultural Economists,2008.
27. Ragnar TveterasIndustrial.Agglomerationand Production Costs in Norwegian Salmon Aquaculture[J]. Marine Resource Economics,2002,17(1):1-22.
28. DATAMONITOR. Fruit & Vegetables in China.www.datamonitor.com.[EB/OL] October 2009
29. Ohlin B.Interregional and International Trade [M].Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1957.
30. Roger W. Gray.An Economic Analysis of the Impact of the Price Support Program upon the Development of the Potato Industry in the United States [J] Journal of Farm Economics, 1954,35(5):1010-1013.
31. Levins, Richard A., Langham, Max R.. The Competitive Position of Major U.S. Potato Producing Regions[J].Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics,1974, 1(6):229-234.
32. Stephen W. Fuller, Oral Capps, Jr., Haruna Bello, Carl Shafer. Structure of the Fresh Onion Market in the Spring Season:A Focus on Texas and Its Competition[J].Western Journal of Agricultural Economics,1991,2(16):404-416.
33. R.Alexander, R. Arney. From Economic Development Theory to Action:The Process of Cluster Upgrading[C].2nd Annual Governor's Technology Conference. Mississippi,2001.
34. Mary Eschelbach Gregson. Long-Term Trends in Agricultural Specialization in the United States: Some Preliminary Results[J].Agricultural History,1996,70(1):90-101.
35. M.Shahe Emran, Forhad Shilpi. The Extent of the Market and Stages of Agricultural Specialization [J].Forthcoming in Canadian Journal of Economics,2008(11):1-33.
36. Philip McCann, Tomokazu Arita, Ian R. Gordon. Industrial clusters, transactions costs and the institutional determinants of MNE location behaviour[J].International Business Review, 2002(11):647-663.
37. Ricardo Mora, Carlos San Juan. Geographical Specialization in Spanish Agriculture before and after Integration in the Union[J].Region Science and Urban Economics,2004(5):309-320.
38. J. Meyer-Stamer. Path dependence in regional development:Persistence and change in three industrial clusters in Santa Catarina, Brazil[J].World Development,1998,26(8):1495-1511.
39. Walter W. Wilcox. Capital in Agriculture[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1943,58(1): 49-64.
40. Kumar, S., Russel, R.. Technological Change, Technological Catch-up, and Capital Deepening: Relative Contribution to Growth and Convergence[J].American Economic Review,2002, 92(3):527-548.
41. Morton D.Winsberg. Concentration and Specialization in United States Agriculture, 1939-1978[J].Economic Geography,1980,56(3):183-189.
42. Ciccone, A., Hall, R.E.. Productivity and the density of economic activity [J].America Economic Review,1996,86(1):54-70.
43. R. Baldwin, R. Forslid, P. Martin, G. Ottaviano, F. Robert-Nicoud. Agglomeration and Growth with and without Capital Mobility[R].HWWA Discussion Paper,2001.
44. Simeon Ehui, Marinos Tsigas. The Role of Agriculture in Nigeria's Economic Growth:A General Equilibrium Analysis[C].The 27th Conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economists,16-22 August 2009, Beijing, China.
45.周应恒,卢凌霄,耿献辉.中国蔬菜产地变动与广域流通的展开[J].中国流通经济,2007(5)：10-13.
46.王秀清.大都市郊区蔬菜产地竞争策略问题[J].中国农村经济,1996(9)：52-55.
47.赵建欣.农户安全蔬菜供给决策机制研究——基于河北、山东和浙江菜农的实证[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2008年4月.
48.浅见淳之.农业经营、产地发展论四[M].日本东京：大明堂株式会社,1989年.
49.武部隆.产地论.农业经营研究课题[M].日本东京：日本经济评论社,1993.
50.崛田忠夫.产地间竞争与主产地形成[M].明文书房(日本),1974年.
51.卢凌霄.中国蔬菜主产地集中与主产地形成研究—现状、趋势及机制分析[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2008年6月.
52.苗齐,钟甫宁.中国农业生产结构变动的区域差异分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2002,24(5)：107-113.
53.刘雪,傅泽田,常山.我国蔬菜产地整体格局的变化分析[J].农业现代化研究,2002(1)：9-12.
54.曹暕,王玉斌,谭向勇.我国农业生产区域专业化程度分析[J].经济与管理研究,2005(1)：69-72.
55.李永实.比较优势理论与农业区域专业化发展——以福建省为例[J].经济地理,2007,27(4)：621-624,628.
56.李力.产业投资区位选择与产业集聚——以内蒙古畜产品加工业为例[J].中国农村经济,2008(1)：12-22.
57.徐瑞钊.比较优势、区位优势与我国油料作物区域专业化研究[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2009年6月.
58.杜为长,科尔曼.中国农作物播种面积对价格反应的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,1997(2)：33-28.
59.蒋乃华.价格因素对我国粮食生产影响的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,1998(5)：14-20.
60.朱启荣.中国棉花主产区空间布局变迁研究(1980-2002)[D].中国农业大学博士学位论文,2005年6月.
61.钟甫宁,胡雪梅.中国棉农棉花播种面积决策的经济学分析[J].中国农村经济,2009(6)： 39-45.
62.李锁平,王利农.我国蔬菜供给对价格的反应程度分析[J].农业技术经济,2006(5)：59-62.
63.司伟,王秀清.中国糖料的供给反应[J].中国农村观察,2006(4)：3-11,55.
64.董国新.我国粮食供求区域均衡状况及其变化趋势研究——基于粮食生产者和消费者行为分析[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2007年12月.
65.约翰·冯·杜能著,吴衡康译.孤立国同农业和国民经济的关系[M].北京：商务印书馆出版,1997年4月.
66.阿尔弗雷德·韦伯著,李刚剑译.工业区位论[M].商务印书馆.1997年12月.
67.马歇尔.经济学原理[M].北京：商务印书馆出版,1964年.
68.[美]保罗·克鲁格曼著,黄胜强译.克鲁格曼国际贸易新理论[M].中国社会科学出版社,2001年12月.
69.马国霞,甘国辉.区域经济发展空间研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(2)：90-99.
70.潘峰华,贺灿飞.新经济地理学和经济地理学的对话——回顾和展望[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(12)：1518-1524.
71.段学军,虞孝感,陆大道,Josef Nipper.克鲁格曼的新经济地理研究及其意义[J].地理学报,2010,65(2)：131-138.
72.葛莹,吴野.地理作用和集聚演化：基于数据挖掘的分析[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(6)：855-862.
73.苗长虹,魏也华.西方经济地理学理论建构的发展与论争[J].地理研究,2007,26(6)：1234-1246.
74.大卫.格里格著,石忆邵,王青译.农业地理学导论[D].西安：西安地图出版社,1992年：6.
75.伍山林.中国粮食生产区域特征与成因研究[J].经济研究,2000(10)：38-45.
76.徐志刚.比较优势与中国农业生产结构调整[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2001年5月.
77.叶春晖.比较优势与中国种植业结构调整[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2004年6月.
78.钟甫宁,刘顺飞.中国水稻生产布局变动分析[J].中国农村经济,2007(9)：39-44.
79.胡浩,应瑞瑶,刘佳.中国生猪产地移动的经济分析——从自然性布局向经济性布局的转变[J].中国农村经济,2005(12)：46-52,60.
80.陈正辉.台湾鹿谷乡茶叶产地形成之个案分析[D].台湾中兴大学,2005年.
81.张宏升.我国农业产业集聚影响因素分析[J].价格月刊,2007(9)：19-21.
82.董晓霞,黄季焜,Scott Rozelle,王红林.地理区位、交通基础设施与种植业结构调整研究[J].管理世界,2006(9)：59-63,79.
83.李岳云,卢中华,凌振春.中国蔬菜生产区域化的演化与优化——基于31个省区的实证分析[J].经济地理,2007,27(2)：191-195.
84.张华,梁进社.产业空间集聚及其效应的研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(2)：14-24.
85.张翎,窦静雅.空间经济学视角下的产业集聚与区域经济增长研究[J].工业技术经济,2007(7)：79-81.
86.薄文广.外部性与产业增长——来自中国省级面板数据的研究[J].中国工业经济,2007(1)：37-44.
87.魏后凯.中国产业集聚与集群发展战略研究[M].经济管理出版社,2008年8月：145.
88.翟星.上海制造业产业集聚与区域经济增长研究[D].上海社会科学院硕士学位论文,2009年4月.
89.叶磊.我国制造业集聚对经济增长影响的分析[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2010年4月.
90.杨丽,王鹏生.农业产业集聚：小农经济基础上的规模经济[J].农业经济,2005(7)：53-55.
91.高峰,杨国强,王学真.农业产业集群对农业结构调整的作用及启示——基于寿光蔬菜产业集群的分析[J].经济问题,2007(8)：67-69.
92.元秀华.农业产业集群的形成机理与发展阶段研究[D].山东理工大学硕士学位论文,2008年4月.
93.刘中会.寿光蔬菜产业集群研究[D].东北师范大学博士学位论文,2009年5月.
94.王浩.林业产业集聚与经济增长的关系研究[J].统计与决策,2011(3)：140-141.
95.于铭.中国产业集聚与区域经济增长问题研究[D].辽宁大学博士学位论文,2007年11月.
96.汪斌,董贇.从古典到新兴古典经济学的专业化分工理论与当代产业集群的演进[J].学术月刊,2005(2)：29-36,52.
97.孙洛平,孙海琳.产业集聚的交易费用模型[J].经济评论,2006(4)：111-117.
98.胡振华,易力.产业集群与区域农业经济增长的关系——基于典型相关分析[J].系统工程,2010,28(11)：70-74.
99.党永华.蔬菜瓜果新品种及无公害栽培技术[M].西北农林出版社：2003年9月：3.
100.吴正红,叶剑平.美国农地保护政策及对我国耕地保护的启示——以密歇根州为例[J].西华中师范大学学报,2003,48(4)：59-67.
101.黄季焜,牛先芳,智华勇,董晓霞.蔬菜生产和种植结构调整的影响因素分析[J].农业经济问题,2007(7)：4-10.
102.钟甫宁,胡雪梅.中国棉花生产区域格局及影响因素研究[J].农业技术经济,2008(1)：5-9.
103.姚敏.中国产业集聚、地区专业化研究[D].兰州大学博士学位论文,2008年5月.
104.徐强.中国产业集聚形成机理与发展对策研究[D].厦门大学博士学位论文,2003年5月.
105.孙英兰.中国耕地质量之忧[J].党政干部参考,2010(10)：16-17.
106.张宏升.中国农业产业集聚研究[M].中国农业出版社,2007年9月：111,113,117.
107.李渝萍.农业产业集群自构的演化机理及其政策效应[J].求索,2007,7：40-42.
108.贺灿飞,刘洋.产业地理集中的研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2006,25(2)：59-69.
109.马国霞,甘国辉.区域经济发展空间研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(2)：90-99.
110.荣泰生.AMOS与研究方法[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2009年：128.
111.侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2004年：154-161.
112.温忠麟,侯杰泰,马什赫伯特.结构方程模型检验：拟合指数与卡方准则[J].心理学报,2004,36(2)：186-194.
113.速水佑次郎,弗农·拉坦.农业发展的国际分析[M].中国社会科学出版社,2000年：50.
114.速水佑次郎,神门善久.农业经济论[M].农业出版社,2003年9月.
115.林毅夫著.制度、技术与中国农业发展[M].格致出版社,2008年.
116.刘修岩.产业集聚与经济增长：一个文献综述[J].产业经济研究,2009(3)：70-78.
117.江激宇.产业集聚与区域经济增长——以中国制造业集聚为例[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2005年11月.
118.毛军.产业集聚与人力资本积累——以珠三角、长三角为例[J].北京师范大学学报：社会科学版,2006(6)：103-110.
119.罗能生,谢里,谭真勇.产业集聚与经济增长关系研究新进展[J].经济学动态,2009(4)：117-121.
120.辛翔飞.中国农业经济增长地区差距实证研究.2005年全国中青年农业经济学者年会,上海,2005年10月.
121.崔元锋,冯中朝.农业结构调整与农业经济增长的关联分析——以湖北省荆门市为例[J].农业经济问题,2004(2)：63-65.
122.李光辉,王庆锋.农业结构调整与农业经济增长关系的实证研究[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(4)：1185-1186.
123.柏振忠.农业技术引进对我国农业经济增长和农民增收的贡献研究[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(8)：93-96.
124.王树春.制度与技术对农业经济增长的作用——可持续发展视角的新审势[D].天津商业大学硕士学位论文,2008年5月.
125.陈卫海.对寿光蔬菜产业化发展的评价及对策建议[D].西安理工大学专业学位论文,2010年3月.
126.陈艳玲.山东寿光蔬菜产业国际竞争力分析[D].山西财经大学硕士学位论文,2008年9月.
127.张瑞新.寿光蔬菜产业品牌发展研究[D].中国农业科学院农业推广硕士学位论文,2009年6月.
128.刘建鹏.寿光蔬菜产业集群对农业结构调整的影响[D].山东理工大学硕士学位论文,2008年4月.
129.黄海平,龚新蜀,黄宝连.基于专业化分工的农业产业集群竞争优势研究——以寿光蔬菜产业集群为例[J].农业经济问题,2010(4)：64-69.
130.王学真,郭香峰,高峰.寿光蔬菜产业发展对相关产业的影响[J].农业经济问题,2007(3)：91-95.
131.汤晓丹,李仁义.山东寿光蔬菜物流发展问题探讨[J].物流科技,2011(1)：37-39.
②数据来源：世界粮农组织：FAO数据库,http://faostat.fao.org/site/535/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=535#ancor。
③数据来源：中华人民共和国农业部编：《中国农业统计资料》(历年),中国农业出版社。
①赵建欣.农户安全蔬菜供给决策机制研究—基于河北、山东和浙江菜农的实证[D].浙江大学博士论文,2008年4月
1. Catherine J. Morrison Paul, Donald S. Siegel. Scale Economies and Industry Agglomeration Externalities:A Dynamic Cost Function Approach[J].American Economic Review,1999, 89(1):272-289.
2. Zmarak Shalizi, J.V. Henderson. Geography and Develop[R].The National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1,2001.
3. Philippe Martin, Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano. Growth and Agglomeration[J].International Economic Review,2001,42(4):947-968.
4. Fan C, Scott A. Industrial agglomeration and development:a survey of spatial economic issues in East Asia and a statistical analysis of Chinese regions[J].Economic Geography,2003(79):295-319.
5. Gary P. Green, William D. Heffernan. Economic dualism in American agriculture[J].Southern Rural Sociology,1984(2):1-10.
6. Friedland, W.H.. Commodity systems analysis:an approach to the sociology of Agriculture[J]. Research in Rural Sociology and Agriculture,1984(1):221-236.
7. Patrick H. Mooney.Toward a class analysis of Midwestern agriculture[J]. Rural Sociology,1983, 48(4):563-584.
8. Thomas L. Sporleder. Entropy Measures of Spatial Concentration in Poultry Processing[J]. Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics.1974 (7):133-137.
9. John D. Black. Social Implications of the Restriction of Agricultural Output[J].The American Economic Review,1931,21(1):114-124.
10. Roger W. Gray.An Economic Analysis of the Impact of the Price Support Program upon the Development of the Potato Industry in the United States [J].Journal of Farm Economics,1954,35(5): 1010-1013.
11. E.C. Wilcox. Local Data Requirements in Areas of High Agricultural [J].Journal of Farm Economics,1956,38(5):1455-1468.
12. Hui-Yuan Chen Wu, Robert L. Jack, Dale Colyer. The Northeast and Interregional Competition for Broilers[J].Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,1985(14):18-25.
13. Albert J. Allen, Maqsood Hussain. An Economic Evaluation of Highway Infrastructural Changes on Interregional Competition in the Potato Industry with Reference to Mississippi[J].Journal of Food Distribution Research,1993(24):179-180.
14. Charles Barnard, Gary Lucier. Urban Influence and the U.S. Vegetable industry[J].Economic Research Service/USDA,1998(11):32-40.
15. Takashi kurosaki. Specialization and diversification in agricultural transformation:the case of west Punjab,1903-92[J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2003(85):372-386.
16. Warren E. Johnston, Alex F. McCalla. Whither California Agriculture:Up, Down, or Out? Some Thought about the Future[R].Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources,August 2004.
17. P. Parthasarathy Rao, P.S. Birthal, P.K. Joshi, D. Kar. Agricultural Diversification in India and Role of Urbanization[R].International Food Policy Research Institute,2033 K Street, N.W.Washington, D.C.20006 U.S.A. August 2004.
18. Ricardo Mora, Carlos San Juan. Geographical specialisation in Spanish agriculture before and after integration in the European Union[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,2004 (34):309-320.
19. M.Shahe Emran, Forhad Shilpi. The Extent of the Market and Stages of Agricultural Specialization[R].Institute for International Economic Policy Working Papers Series Elliott School of International Affairs George Washington University, February 2008.
20. Weilian Chen, Hong-ou Zhang, Rongrong Wang, Jing Chen. Spatial Agglomeration Degree and Influencing Factors of Main Agricultural Products in Guangdong Province of China[J].Asian Agricultural Research,2009,1(4):41-43,52.
21. Lily Kiminami, Akira Kiminam.Agricultural clusters in China[C].the International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, Beijing, China, August 16-22,2009.
22. R. Tveteras, G.E. Battese. Agglomeration Externalities, Productivity and Technical Inefficiency[J]. Journal of Regional Science,2006,46(4):605-625.
23. Laure Latruffe, Kelvin Balcombe, Sofia Davidova. Technical and scale efficiency of crop and livestock farms in Poland:Does specialisation matter?[J].Agricultural Economics,2005, 32(3):281-296.
24. J. Omiti, F. Wanyoike, S.Staal, C. Delgado, L.Njoroge. Will Small-Scale Dairy Producers in Kenya Disappear Due to Economics of Scale in Production[C].International Association of Agricultural Economics Conference, Gold Coast, Australia, August 12-18,2006.
25. Takeshi Sakurai、Jun Furuya, Koichi Futakuchi. Rice Miller Cluster in Ghana and Its Effects on Efficiency and Quality Improvement[C].International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, Gold Coast, Australia, August 12-18,2006.
26. Larue S., Latruffe L.. Agglomeration Externalities and Technical Efficiency in Pig Production[C].12th Congress of the European Association of Agricultural Economists,2008.
27. Ragnar TveterasIndustrial.Agglomerationand Production Costs in Norwegian Salmon Aquaculture[J]. Marine Resource Economics,2002,17(1):1-22.
28. DATAMONITOR. Fruit & Vegetables in China.www.datamonitor.com.[EB/OL] October 2009
29. Ohlin B.Interregional and International Trade [M].Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1957.
30. Roger W. Gray.An Economic Analysis of the Impact of the Price Support Program upon the Development of the Potato Industry in the United States [J] Journal of Farm Economics, 1954,35(5):1010-1013.
31. Levins, Richard A., Langham, Max R.. The Competitive Position of Major U.S. Potato Producing Regions[J].Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics,1974, 1(6):229-234.
32. Stephen W. Fuller, Oral Capps, Jr., Haruna Bello, Carl Shafer. Structure of the Fresh Onion Market in the Spring Season:A Focus on Texas and Its Competition[J].Western Journal of Agricultural Economics,1991,2(16):404-416.
33. R.Alexander, R. Arney. From Economic Development Theory to Action:The Process of Cluster Upgrading[C].2nd Annual Governor's Technology Conference. Mississippi,2001.
34. Mary Eschelbach Gregson. Long-Term Trends in Agricultural Specialization in the United States: Some Preliminary Results[J].Agricultural History,1996,70(1):90-101.
35. M.Shahe Emran, Forhad Shilpi. The Extent of the Market and Stages of Agricultural Specialization [J].Forthcoming in Canadian Journal of Economics,2008(11):1-33.
36. Philip McCann, Tomokazu Arita, Ian R. Gordon. Industrial clusters, transactions costs and the institutional determinants of MNE location behaviour[J].International Business Review, 2002(11):647-663.
37. Ricardo Mora, Carlos San Juan. Geographical Specialization in Spanish Agriculture before and after Integration in the Union[J].Region Science and Urban Economics,2004(5):309-320.
38. J. Meyer-Stamer. Path dependence in regional development:Persistence and change in three industrial clusters in Santa Catarina, Brazil[J].World Development,1998,26(8):1495-1511.
39. Walter W. Wilcox. Capital in Agriculture[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1943,58(1): 49-64.
40. Kumar, S., Russel, R.. Technological Change, Technological Catch-up, and Capital Deepening: Relative Contribution to Growth and Convergence[J].American Economic Review,2002, 92(3):527-548.
41. Morton D.Winsberg. Concentration and Specialization in United States Agriculture, 1939-1978[J].Economic Geography,1980,56(3):183-189.
42. Ciccone, A., Hall, R.E.. Productivity and the density of economic activity [J].America Economic Review,1996,86(1):54-70.
43. R. Baldwin, R. Forslid, P. Martin, G. Ottaviano, F. Robert-Nicoud. Agglomeration and Growth with and without Capital Mobility[R].HWWA Discussion Paper,2001.
44. Simeon Ehui, Marinos Tsigas. The Role of Agriculture in Nigeria's Economic Growth:A General Equilibrium Analysis[C].The 27th Conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economists,16-22 August 2009, Beijing, China.
45.周应恒,卢凌霄,耿献辉.中国蔬菜产地变动与广域流通的展开[J].中国流通经济,2007(5)：10-13.
46.王秀清.大都市郊区蔬菜产地竞争策略问题[J].中国农村经济,1996(9)：52-55.
47.赵建欣.农户安全蔬菜供给决策机制研究——基于河北、山东和浙江菜农的实证[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2008年4月.
48.浅见淳之.农业经营、产地发展论四[M].日本东京：大明堂株式会社,1989年.
49.武部隆.产地论.农业经营研究课题[M].日本东京：日本经济评论社,1993.
50.崛田忠夫.产地间竞争与主产地形成[M].明文书房(日本),1974年.
51.卢凌霄.中国蔬菜主产地集中与主产地形成研究—现状、趋势及机制分析[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2008年6月.
52.苗齐,钟甫宁.中国农业生产结构变动的区域差异分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2002,24(5)：107-113.
53.刘雪,傅泽田,常山.我国蔬菜产地整体格局的变化分析[J].农业现代化研究,2002(1)：9-12.
54.曹暕,王玉斌,谭向勇.我国农业生产区域专业化程度分析[J].经济与管理研究,2005(1)：69-72.
55.李永实.比较优势理论与农业区域专业化发展——以福建省为例[J].经济地理,2007,27(4)：621-624,628.
56.李力.产业投资区位选择与产业集聚——以内蒙古畜产品加工业为例[J].中国农村经济,2008(1)：12-22.
57.徐瑞钊.比较优势、区位优势与我国油料作物区域专业化研究[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2009年6月.
58.杜为长,科尔曼.中国农作物播种面积对价格反应的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,1997(2)：33-28.
59.蒋乃华.价格因素对我国粮食生产影响的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,1998(5)：14-20.
60.朱启荣.中国棉花主产区空间布局变迁研究(1980-2002)[D].中国农业大学博士学位论文,2005年6月.
61.钟甫宁,胡雪梅.中国棉农棉花播种面积决策的经济学分析[J].中国农村经济,2009(6)： 39-45.
62.李锁平,王利农.我国蔬菜供给对价格的反应程度分析[J].农业技术经济,2006(5)：59-62.
63.司伟,王秀清.中国糖料的供给反应[J].中国农村观察,2006(4)：3-11,55.
64.董国新.我国粮食供求区域均衡状况及其变化趋势研究——基于粮食生产者和消费者行为分析[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2007年12月.
65.约翰·冯·杜能著,吴衡康译.孤立国同农业和国民经济的关系[M].北京：商务印书馆出版,1997年4月.
66.阿尔弗雷德·韦伯著,李刚剑译.工业区位论[M].商务印书馆.1997年12月.
67.马歇尔.经济学原理[M].北京：商务印书馆出版,1964年.
68.[美]保罗·克鲁格曼著,黄胜强译.克鲁格曼国际贸易新理论[M].中国社会科学出版社,2001年12月.
69.马国霞,甘国辉.区域经济发展空间研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(2)：90-99.
70.潘峰华,贺灿飞.新经济地理学和经济地理学的对话——回顾和展望[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(12)：1518-1524.
71.段学军,虞孝感,陆大道,Josef Nipper.克鲁格曼的新经济地理研究及其意义[J].地理学报,2010,65(2)：131-138.
72.葛莹,吴野.地理作用和集聚演化：基于数据挖掘的分析[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(6)：855-862.
73.苗长虹,魏也华.西方经济地理学理论建构的发展与论争[J].地理研究,2007,26(6)：1234-1246.
74.大卫.格里格著,石忆邵,王青译.农业地理学导论[D].西安：西安地图出版社,1992年：6.
75.伍山林.中国粮食生产区域特征与成因研究[J].经济研究,2000(10)：38-45.
76.徐志刚.比较优势与中国农业生产结构调整[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2001年5月.
77.叶春晖.比较优势与中国种植业结构调整[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2004年6月.
78.钟甫宁,刘顺飞.中国水稻生产布局变动分析[J].中国农村经济,2007(9)：39-44.
79.胡浩,应瑞瑶,刘佳.中国生猪产地移动的经济分析——从自然性布局向经济性布局的转变[J].中国农村经济,2005(12)：46-52,60.
80.陈正辉.台湾鹿谷乡茶叶产地形成之个案分析[D].台湾中兴大学,2005年.
81.张宏升.我国农业产业集聚影响因素分析[J].价格月刊,2007(9)：19-21.
82.董晓霞,黄季焜,Scott Rozelle,王红林.地理区位、交通基础设施与种植业结构调整研究[J].管理世界,2006(9)：59-63,79.
83.李岳云,卢中华,凌振春.中国蔬菜生产区域化的演化与优化——基于31个省区的实证分析[J].经济地理,2007,27(2)：191-195.
84.张华,梁进社.产业空间集聚及其效应的研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(2)：14-24.
85.张翎,窦静雅.空间经济学视角下的产业集聚与区域经济增长研究[J].工业技术经济,2007(7)：79-81.
86.薄文广.外部性与产业增长——来自中国省级面板数据的研究[J].中国工业经济,2007(1)：37-44.
87.魏后凯.中国产业集聚与集群发展战略研究[M].经济管理出版社,2008年8月：145.
88.翟星.上海制造业产业集聚与区域经济增长研究[D].上海社会科学院硕士学位论文,2009年4月.
89.叶磊.我国制造业集聚对经济增长影响的分析[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2010年4月.
90.杨丽,王鹏生.农业产业集聚：小农经济基础上的规模经济[J].农业经济,2005(7)：53-55.
91.高峰,杨国强,王学真.农业产业集群对农业结构调整的作用及启示——基于寿光蔬菜产业集群的分析[J].经济问题,2007(8)：67-69.
92.元秀华.农业产业集群的形成机理与发展阶段研究[D].山东理工大学硕士学位论文,2008年4月.
93.刘中会.寿光蔬菜产业集群研究[D].东北师范大学博士学位论文,2009年5月.
94.王浩.林业产业集聚与经济增长的关系研究[J].统计与决策,2011(3)：140-141.
95.于铭.中国产业集聚与区域经济增长问题研究[D].辽宁大学博士学位论文,2007年11月.
96.汪斌,董贇.从古典到新兴古典经济学的专业化分工理论与当代产业集群的演进[J].学术月刊,2005(2)：29-36,52.
97.孙洛平,孙海琳.产业集聚的交易费用模型[J].经济评论,2006(4)：111-117.
98.胡振华,易力.产业集群与区域农业经济增长的关系——基于典型相关分析[J].系统工程,2010,28(11)：70-74.
99.党永华.蔬菜瓜果新品种及无公害栽培技术[M].西北农林出版社：2003年9月：3.
100.吴正红,叶剑平.美国农地保护政策及对我国耕地保护的启示——以密歇根州为例[J].西华中师范大学学报,2003,48(4)：59-67.
101.黄季焜,牛先芳,智华勇,董晓霞.蔬菜生产和种植结构调整的影响因素分析[J].农业经济问题,2007(7)：4-10.
102.钟甫宁,胡雪梅.中国棉花生产区域格局及影响因素研究[J].农业技术经济,2008(1)：5-9.
103.姚敏.中国产业集聚、地区专业化研究[D].兰州大学博士学位论文,2008年5月.
104.徐强.中国产业集聚形成机理与发展对策研究[D].厦门大学博士学位论文,2003年5月.
105.孙英兰.中国耕地质量之忧[J].党政干部参考,2010(10)：16-17.
106.张宏升.中国农业产业集聚研究[M].中国农业出版社,2007年9月：111,113,117.
107.李渝萍.农业产业集群自构的演化机理及其政策效应[J].求索,2007,7：40-42.
108.贺灿飞,刘洋.产业地理集中的研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2006,25(2)：59-69.
109.马国霞,甘国辉.区域经济发展空间研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(2)：90-99.
110.荣泰生.AMOS与研究方法[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2009年：128.
111.侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2004年：154-161.
112.温忠麟,侯杰泰,马什赫伯特.结构方程模型检验：拟合指数与卡方准则[J].心理学报,2004,36(2)：186-194.
113.速水佑次郎,弗农·拉坦.农业发展的国际分析[M].中国社会科学出版社,2000年：50.
114.速水佑次郎,神门善久.农业经济论[M].农业出版社,2003年9月.
115.林毅夫著.制度、技术与中国农业发展[M].格致出版社,2008年.
116.刘修岩.产业集聚与经济增长：一个文献综述[J].产业经济研究,2009(3)：70-78.
117.江激宇.产业集聚与区域经济增长——以中国制造业集聚为例[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2005年11月.
118.毛军.产业集聚与人力资本积累——以珠三角、长三角为例[J].北京师范大学学报：社会科学版,2006(6)：103-110.
119.罗能生,谢里,谭真勇.产业集聚与经济增长关系研究新进展[J].经济学动态,2009(4)：117-121.
120.辛翔飞.中国农业经济增长地区差距实证研究.2005年全国中青年农业经济学者年会,上海,2005年10月.
121.崔元锋,冯中朝.农业结构调整与农业经济增长的关联分析——以湖北省荆门市为例[J].农业经济问题,2004(2)：63-65.
122.李光辉,王庆锋.农业结构调整与农业经济增长关系的实证研究[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(4)：1185-1186.
123.柏振忠.农业技术引进对我国农业经济增长和农民增收的贡献研究[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(8)：93-96.
124.王树春.制度与技术对农业经济增长的作用——可持续发展视角的新审势[D].天津商业大学硕士学位论文,2008年5月.
125.陈卫海.对寿光蔬菜产业化发展的评价及对策建议[D].西安理工大学专业学位论文,2010年3月.
126.陈艳玲.山东寿光蔬菜产业国际竞争力分析[D].山西财经大学硕士学位论文,2008年9月.
127.张瑞新.寿光蔬菜产业品牌发展研究[D].中国农业科学院农业推广硕士学位论文,2009年6月.
128.刘建鹏.寿光蔬菜产业集群对农业结构调整的影响[D].山东理工大学硕士学位论文,2008年4月.
129.黄海平,龚新蜀,黄宝连.基于专业化分工的农业产业集群竞争优势研究——以寿光蔬菜产业集群为例[J].农业经济问题,2010(4)：64-69.
130.王学真,郭香峰,高峰.寿光蔬菜产业发展对相关产业的影响[J].农业经济问题,2007(3)：91-95.
131.汤晓丹,李仁义.山东寿光蔬菜物流发展问题探讨[J].物流科技,2011(1)：37-39.