世界遗产地无形资产协同运营机制研究
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摘要
世界遗产地无形资产是遗产资源类型和遗产价值的重要组成,无形资产能否合理定位、传播、延伸、利用影响着遗产资源的原真性、完整性和遗产地形象。目前,我国多数世界遗产地对无形资产的认知能力和保护利用意识较弱,使得无形资产的价值无法实现。
由于国内外对于世界遗产地无形资产的研究刚起步,尚缺乏对整个运营体系深入系统地研究。本文通过理论研究和实证分析,综合运用文献研究法、定性与定量分析法、调查问卷法、专家座谈法等界定了无形资产的含义和属性;分析了运营体系的构成、结构、协同效应;系统研究了遗产地无形资产协同运营机制的形成、作用机理、协同度测评方法、优化策略、保障措施。主要创新性工作包括:(1)建立了世界遗产地无形资产运营体系。界定了世界遗产地无形资产性质、无形资产经营权性质,在分析无形资产的运营对象、运营相关者、运营环境、运营动力的基础上,构建无形资产运营体系,并根据相关者间的相互关系和职责划分,将运营体系进一步划分为内部行政化运营子体系与外部市场化运营子体系。(2)对运营过程中的多重委托代理关系进行博弈分析。通过分析无形资产运营中的四重委托代理关系,建立结果不确定且不可完全监督的委托代理模型,运用博弈论深入剖析包括社会公众、中央政府、地方政府、遗产管理机构以及无形资产运营企业等相关者之间的动态博弈过程,分析得出促使代理人选择努力的激励相容约束、参与约束以及委托人决定委托的基本条件。(3)分析了世界遗产地无形资产协同运营机制。在分析运营协同效应、协同规律、协同机会的基础上,研究了出协同运营机制的形成过程及作用机理,将体系的自组织演化分为系统涨落、序参量产生以及协同状态形成三个阶段;运用探索图法求解得到体系的序参量和控制参量,据此提出协同运营机制的构成为利益分配机制、信息共享机制、投融资机制、信任机制、公共关系协调机制、知识产权保护机制。构建了运营机制协同度的测评模型,并提出了运营机制的优化策略。以世界文化遗产地Y为实证分析对象,验证了模型的可操作性及有效性。
研究结果可以推动世界遗产地无形资产科学地开发利用以及无形资产商业运营的全面发展,协调利益相关者的关系,提高资产使用效率,挖掘潜在经济效益,从而更好地实现遗产地无形资产保值增值的作用,使社会大众更好地共享遗产资源,真正实现世界遗产从静态到动态、从保护到传承的转变。
Intangible Assets are important part of world heritage resources and heritage values, therefore, whether the intangible assets could be reasonably positioned, communicated, extension, used or not affect the authenticity, integrity and image of the heritage resources. At present, the majority of the world heritage sites lack of the heritage protection and utilization awareness, so the value of intangible assets can not be achieved, leads the serious loss of assets because of the random occupation. As intangible assets at home and abroad for the world heritage research just get starting, the whole operating system still lacks depth and systematic research.
In this dissertation, according to theoretical and empirical analysis, we define the meaning of intangible assets and properties; give comprehensive analysis of the operating system, the composition, structure, synergy effects; systemically research the intangible heritage in the formation of cooperative operation mechanism, mechanism, collaborative degree evaluation method , optimization strategies and security measures
The innovations of the dissertation include: firstly, builds the intangible operating system, summarizes the operation objects and intangible assets stakeholders; according to the relationship between stakeholders and responsibilities, divides the operating system further into the administration of operating system and the external market sub-system. With the PEST model, analyzes the system operating environment, and defines the power system operation of the environmental factors as competitive factors, resilience factors, and reaction forces and control factors. Secondly, analyzes four principal-agent relationship of intangible assets, and establishes the undefined and not fully principal-agent model of supervision, using the game theory in-depth analyzing the public, the central government, local government and operating companies and intangible assets. And other operators directly related to the dynamic game between the process of analysis efforts come to make the agent chooses the incentive compatibility constraints, participation constraints, and the principal decided to entrust the basic conditions. Thirdly, building intangible assets synergy operational mechanism in world heritage sites, and based on the analysis of operations in the synergy of intangible assets, collaborative law, collaborative opportunities, this dissertation obtains the coordination and operation mechanism of the formation mechanism of evolution of the system and divides self-organizing system into fluctuations, order parameter and the coordination state; Explore graph method be used to explore system map order parameter for the distribution of benefits between subjects, the degree of information sharing, operational investment and financing channels, loyalty, cooperation, coordination and public relations efforts in protecting intellectual property rights, and social and economic development Level, social supervision, research and technical support, heritage management policies and regulations belong to control parameters. According to the results, this paper divides solving operational coordination mechanisms into the distribution of benefits ; information sharing mechanisms; investment and financing mechanism; the trust mechanism; coordination of public relations; intellectual property protection. Selected relevant index of World Heritage to built a model valuating the collaborative degree of cooperative operation mechanism by intangible assets and made a six-order parameters of the optimization strategy. Take the analysis of world cultural heritage Y to verify the operability of the model and effectiveness.
The results can promote the development and utilization of the World Heritage intangible; development of commercial operations; improve asset utilization; mine the potential economic benefits; coordination between stakeholders, to realize the role of increasing the value of intangible heritage better. So we can share the community heritage resources and achieve the real change from static to dynamic, from protection to the heritage of the world heritage.
由于国内外对于世界遗产地无形资产的研究刚起步,尚缺乏对整个运营体系深入系统地研究。本文通过理论研究和实证分析,综合运用文献研究法、定性与定量分析法、调查问卷法、专家座谈法等界定了无形资产的含义和属性;分析了运营体系的构成、结构、协同效应;系统研究了遗产地无形资产协同运营机制的形成、作用机理、协同度测评方法、优化策略、保障措施。主要创新性工作包括:(1)建立了世界遗产地无形资产运营体系。界定了世界遗产地无形资产性质、无形资产经营权性质,在分析无形资产的运营对象、运营相关者、运营环境、运营动力的基础上,构建无形资产运营体系,并根据相关者间的相互关系和职责划分,将运营体系进一步划分为内部行政化运营子体系与外部市场化运营子体系。(2)对运营过程中的多重委托代理关系进行博弈分析。通过分析无形资产运营中的四重委托代理关系,建立结果不确定且不可完全监督的委托代理模型,运用博弈论深入剖析包括社会公众、中央政府、地方政府、遗产管理机构以及无形资产运营企业等相关者之间的动态博弈过程,分析得出促使代理人选择努力的激励相容约束、参与约束以及委托人决定委托的基本条件。(3)分析了世界遗产地无形资产协同运营机制。在分析运营协同效应、协同规律、协同机会的基础上,研究了出协同运营机制的形成过程及作用机理,将体系的自组织演化分为系统涨落、序参量产生以及协同状态形成三个阶段;运用探索图法求解得到体系的序参量和控制参量,据此提出协同运营机制的构成为利益分配机制、信息共享机制、投融资机制、信任机制、公共关系协调机制、知识产权保护机制。构建了运营机制协同度的测评模型,并提出了运营机制的优化策略。以世界文化遗产地Y为实证分析对象,验证了模型的可操作性及有效性。
研究结果可以推动世界遗产地无形资产科学地开发利用以及无形资产商业运营的全面发展,协调利益相关者的关系,提高资产使用效率,挖掘潜在经济效益,从而更好地实现遗产地无形资产保值增值的作用,使社会大众更好地共享遗产资源,真正实现世界遗产从静态到动态、从保护到传承的转变。
Intangible Assets are important part of world heritage resources and heritage values, therefore, whether the intangible assets could be reasonably positioned, communicated, extension, used or not affect the authenticity, integrity and image of the heritage resources. At present, the majority of the world heritage sites lack of the heritage protection and utilization awareness, so the value of intangible assets can not be achieved, leads the serious loss of assets because of the random occupation. As intangible assets at home and abroad for the world heritage research just get starting, the whole operating system still lacks depth and systematic research.
In this dissertation, according to theoretical and empirical analysis, we define the meaning of intangible assets and properties; give comprehensive analysis of the operating system, the composition, structure, synergy effects; systemically research the intangible heritage in the formation of cooperative operation mechanism, mechanism, collaborative degree evaluation method , optimization strategies and security measures
The innovations of the dissertation include: firstly, builds the intangible operating system, summarizes the operation objects and intangible assets stakeholders; according to the relationship between stakeholders and responsibilities, divides the operating system further into the administration of operating system and the external market sub-system. With the PEST model, analyzes the system operating environment, and defines the power system operation of the environmental factors as competitive factors, resilience factors, and reaction forces and control factors. Secondly, analyzes four principal-agent relationship of intangible assets, and establishes the undefined and not fully principal-agent model of supervision, using the game theory in-depth analyzing the public, the central government, local government and operating companies and intangible assets. And other operators directly related to the dynamic game between the process of analysis efforts come to make the agent chooses the incentive compatibility constraints, participation constraints, and the principal decided to entrust the basic conditions. Thirdly, building intangible assets synergy operational mechanism in world heritage sites, and based on the analysis of operations in the synergy of intangible assets, collaborative law, collaborative opportunities, this dissertation obtains the coordination and operation mechanism of the formation mechanism of evolution of the system and divides self-organizing system into fluctuations, order parameter and the coordination state; Explore graph method be used to explore system map order parameter for the distribution of benefits between subjects, the degree of information sharing, operational investment and financing channels, loyalty, cooperation, coordination and public relations efforts in protecting intellectual property rights, and social and economic development Level, social supervision, research and technical support, heritage management policies and regulations belong to control parameters. According to the results, this paper divides solving operational coordination mechanisms into the distribution of benefits ; information sharing mechanisms; investment and financing mechanism; the trust mechanism; coordination of public relations; intellectual property protection. Selected relevant index of World Heritage to built a model valuating the collaborative degree of cooperative operation mechanism by intangible assets and made a six-order parameters of the optimization strategy. Take the analysis of world cultural heritage Y to verify the operability of the model and effectiveness.
The results can promote the development and utilization of the World Heritage intangible; development of commercial operations; improve asset utilization; mine the potential economic benefits; coordination between stakeholders, to realize the role of increasing the value of intangible heritage better. So we can share the community heritage resources and achieve the real change from static to dynamic, from protection to the heritage of the world heritage.
引文
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