变电站接地网频域电磁场数值计算方法研究及其应用
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摘要
接地网是变电站安全运行的重要保证,其接地性能一直受到设计和生产运行部门的重视。本文基于矩量法,结合国家自然科学基金项目“变电站瞬态电磁环境的预测计算方法研究”(项目编号:50077006),提出了完整的分析变电站接地网接地性能的频域电磁场数值计算方法并将其应用到实际工程中。通过与本文实验结果和国外知名软件包计算结果进行对比以及大量的工程应用,充分验证了本文提出方法的有效性和实用性。本文主要创新成果如下:
提出了基于复镜像法的恒定电场中多层水平分层土壤的格林函数及其对土壤参数偏导数的快速算法,并在此基础上建立了基于土壤电阻率测量数据的多层水平分层土壤电阻率快速建模方法。同时,还提出了对恒定电场中格林函数待定系数和高频下半无限大导电媒质中广义索末菲积分待定系数进行采样的自适应方法。为快速计算工频和高频时变电站接地网的接地性能奠定了理论基础。
提出了基于矩量法和电路理论的分别以接地导体漏电流为未知量并忽略导体间互感影响和以接地导体轴向电流为未知量并计及导体间互感影响的两种接地网工频电磁场数值计算方法,并将前一种方法进一步推广到垂直分层土壤中的接地网、连有绝缘电缆的接地网以及输电线路及铁塔附近三维工频电场的计算。这两种方法使用的未知量少,分析的情况比较全面。数值计算和实验对比证明,通常情况下分析接地网时可以忽略接地导体之间的互感,使用本文提出的前一种方法就可以满足工程设计要求。
提出了基于矩量法的未知量较少的接地网高频电磁场数值计算方法。基于快速傅立叶变换,利用本文提出的计算方法,可以分析接地网遭受雷击时的瞬态性能。
建立了一个检验本文方法的试验接地网,通过对该接地网和其它多座变电站接地网接地性能的测试,获得了大量实测数据。通过与本文提出方法的计算结果进行对比,有力地验证了本文提出方法的有效性和实用性。
开发了变电站接地网频域电磁场数值计算软件包,该软件包操作方便,前后处理功能强大,计算速度快。利用该软件包对大量工程问题进行了计算和分析,获得了大量有工程价值的结果,并被工程部门采用。本文开发的软件包可以取代进口国外知名软件包和传统的接地网设计方法,以节约大量的人力、物力和财力。
The grounding system is one of the important components of a substation, to which much attention is always paid. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50077006), in this thesis, the numerical methods for electromagnetic fields of substations’ grounding systems in frequency domain are researched and applied to practice. The methods presented in this thesis are verified by comparing the results with those of experiments and other famous software and by lots of applications. The main innovative achievements are as follows:
A fast approach to the Green’s function in horizontally stratified multi-layer earth and its partial differentials to the earth parameters is put forward by using the complex image method. An efficient method for estimating earth structure from Wenner’s four-probe test data is presented. A self-adaptation method to sample the unknown variables in the Green’s function and in the generalized Sommerfeld integral in high frequency domain is proposed. Both of them provide the theoretical foundation for the analysis of the grounding systems.
A method using leakage currents as unknown variables as well as neglecting the mutual inductances and a method using longitudinal currents as unknown variables as well as taking account of the mutual inductances to analyze the grounding systems in low frequency domain are presented respectively. At the same time, the former is extended to analyze the grounding systems in vertically stratified multi-layer earth, the grounding systems with cables connected to it and the 3D electric field near power towers. Calculations and experiments show that the mutual inductances can be neglected and the former method is effective enough.
An effective electromagnetic approach with few unknown variables for the substations’ grounding systems in high frequency domain is put forward based on the method of moment. With the help of the fast Fourier transform, the method in this thesis can be used to analyze the transient problem.
A test grounding system is set up. Lots of measured data are collected by the experiments on the testing grounding system and many other substations’ grounding systems, through which the validity and the practicability of the methods in this thesis are adequately testified.
A software package to calculate the electromagnetic fields of substations’ grounding systems in frequency domain by numerical method is developed based on the author’s work. The software package has simulated many practical projects and obtained lots of valuable results that have already been accepted by correlative departments. Thus, the software package can replace other famous imported software package and provide a new method of designing grounding systems to make the work more efficient.
提出了基于复镜像法的恒定电场中多层水平分层土壤的格林函数及其对土壤参数偏导数的快速算法,并在此基础上建立了基于土壤电阻率测量数据的多层水平分层土壤电阻率快速建模方法。同时,还提出了对恒定电场中格林函数待定系数和高频下半无限大导电媒质中广义索末菲积分待定系数进行采样的自适应方法。为快速计算工频和高频时变电站接地网的接地性能奠定了理论基础。
提出了基于矩量法和电路理论的分别以接地导体漏电流为未知量并忽略导体间互感影响和以接地导体轴向电流为未知量并计及导体间互感影响的两种接地网工频电磁场数值计算方法,并将前一种方法进一步推广到垂直分层土壤中的接地网、连有绝缘电缆的接地网以及输电线路及铁塔附近三维工频电场的计算。这两种方法使用的未知量少,分析的情况比较全面。数值计算和实验对比证明,通常情况下分析接地网时可以忽略接地导体之间的互感,使用本文提出的前一种方法就可以满足工程设计要求。
提出了基于矩量法的未知量较少的接地网高频电磁场数值计算方法。基于快速傅立叶变换,利用本文提出的计算方法,可以分析接地网遭受雷击时的瞬态性能。
建立了一个检验本文方法的试验接地网,通过对该接地网和其它多座变电站接地网接地性能的测试,获得了大量实测数据。通过与本文提出方法的计算结果进行对比,有力地验证了本文提出方法的有效性和实用性。
开发了变电站接地网频域电磁场数值计算软件包,该软件包操作方便,前后处理功能强大,计算速度快。利用该软件包对大量工程问题进行了计算和分析,获得了大量有工程价值的结果,并被工程部门采用。本文开发的软件包可以取代进口国外知名软件包和传统的接地网设计方法,以节约大量的人力、物力和财力。
The grounding system is one of the important components of a substation, to which much attention is always paid. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50077006), in this thesis, the numerical methods for electromagnetic fields of substations’ grounding systems in frequency domain are researched and applied to practice. The methods presented in this thesis are verified by comparing the results with those of experiments and other famous software and by lots of applications. The main innovative achievements are as follows:
A fast approach to the Green’s function in horizontally stratified multi-layer earth and its partial differentials to the earth parameters is put forward by using the complex image method. An efficient method for estimating earth structure from Wenner’s four-probe test data is presented. A self-adaptation method to sample the unknown variables in the Green’s function and in the generalized Sommerfeld integral in high frequency domain is proposed. Both of them provide the theoretical foundation for the analysis of the grounding systems.
A method using leakage currents as unknown variables as well as neglecting the mutual inductances and a method using longitudinal currents as unknown variables as well as taking account of the mutual inductances to analyze the grounding systems in low frequency domain are presented respectively. At the same time, the former is extended to analyze the grounding systems in vertically stratified multi-layer earth, the grounding systems with cables connected to it and the 3D electric field near power towers. Calculations and experiments show that the mutual inductances can be neglected and the former method is effective enough.
An effective electromagnetic approach with few unknown variables for the substations’ grounding systems in high frequency domain is put forward based on the method of moment. With the help of the fast Fourier transform, the method in this thesis can be used to analyze the transient problem.
A test grounding system is set up. Lots of measured data are collected by the experiments on the testing grounding system and many other substations’ grounding systems, through which the validity and the practicability of the methods in this thesis are adequately testified.
A software package to calculate the electromagnetic fields of substations’ grounding systems in frequency domain by numerical method is developed based on the author’s work. The software package has simulated many practical projects and obtained lots of valuable results that have already been accepted by correlative departments. Thus, the software package can replace other famous imported software package and provide a new method of designing grounding systems to make the work more efficient.
引文
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