对数周期偶极天线扇形阵的特性分析及其软件实现
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摘要
本论文既对自由空间和近地对数周期偶极天线及由其组成的扇形阵特性进行了详细的分析计算，而且根据文中的分析方法和严格推导出的计算公式，开发了功能丰富、界面友好的对数周期偶极天线扇形阵特性分析计算软件。论文的主要内容包括：
1．对对数周期偶极天线和导线天线的基本理论和分析方法进行了概述。结合工程实际，提出并首次采用了以电压源为激励源，将矩量法和对数周期偶极天线的等效传输矩阵网络相结合的叠代分析方法。采用该方法对自由空间对数周期偶极天线的方向图、增益、输入阻抗和电压驻波比以及等效相位中心等特性进行了详细的分析计算，且计算时考虑了阵中所有偶极子之间的全部互耦。借鉴文献中的理论计算值或实验值充分证明了分析方法和数值结果的正确性。
2．对自由空间对数周期偶极天线扇形阵的辐射特性进行了详细的理论分析和数值计算。在计算由矩量法导出的广义阻抗矩阵元素时，利用广义阻抗矩阵的互易性、对数周期偶极天线及由其组成的扇形阵的结构对称性，对算法进行了有效的优化，避免了重复计算；利用对数周期偶极天线的工作原理，合理截去单元对数周期偶极天线未激励区的长振子，直接减少振子总数，从而大大提高了计算速度。对扇形阵的宽带特性及影响其电特性的多种参数(阵元数、相邻阵元间的夹角、单元对数周期偶极天线的虚顶点距离圆心的位置、阵元间互耦的影响、激励源的非均匀情况)进行了详细的分析计算。
3．在计算振子总数非常多的大型圆形阵的方向图时，提出先分组计算矢量场，后进行矢量合成的方式，成功完成了对大型圆形阵方向图的理论分析。
4．详细推导了近地振子天线的电场积分方程，并重点讨论了近场Sommerfeld积分的计算方法-离散复镜像法及基于驻相法的远场Sommerfeld积分的近似计算公式。
5．对近地对数周期偶极天线及由其组成的扇形阵的辐射特性进行了分析计算和实验验证。并详细讨论了近地对数周期偶极天线及由其组成的扇形阵的宽带特性以及架设高度和地层参数对近地垂直极化和水平极化对数周期偶极天线方向图的影响。
6．详细介绍了对数周期天线扇形阵特性分析软件的功能及使用方法。
In this dissertation, the characteristics of a fan-shaped array of log-periodic dipole antennas in the free space or over an imperfectly conducting ground plane are analyzed and calculated in detail. Based on the method introduced by the author and the formulae in the dissertation, the software for analyzing the characteristics of the fan-shaped array is programmed .
1. The essential theory and major methods for analyzing log-periodic dipole antennas and wire antennas are summarized. Based on the need of engineering, for the first time , an iterating method for analyzing the log-periodic dipole antenna excited by voltage is introduced. The method of moments and equivalence transmission matrix of the antenna are suitably integrated. The electrical characteristics (radiation pattern, gain, input impedance, voltage standing wave ratio, etc.) and the variable phase centers of the log-periodic dipole antenna in the free space are analyzed and calculated in detail, taking into account all mutual coupling effect. The results of comparison are presented which show that the method and software are precise.
2. The characteristics of a fan-shaped array of log-periodic dipole antennas in the free space are analyzed and calculated in detail. All the antenna symmetries and the reciprocity character of the Z matrix are carefully taken into account in order to calculate only the elements of the Z matrix which are different from all others. Making use of the principle of a log-periodic dipole antenna, the long elements in the unexcited long dipole region can be truncated at certain conditions. After the optimizing for the algorithm, the calculating time can be decreased evidently. The relation between the electrical characteristics of the fan-shaped array and the parameters (the number of log-periodic dipole antenna, the angle between the two adjacent antenna, etc.)of the fan-shaped array construction is discussed.
3. During calculating the radiation pattern of a large circular array of log-periodic dipole antennas, a simple and applied method is introduced.
4.The method for solving the Electric Field Integral Equation of horizontal and vertical electric dipoles over an imperfectly conducting ground plane is discussed. A discrete image method to evaluate the Sdmmerfeld integral in the near field and a
method to evaluate the Sommerfeld integral rapidly in the far field are reviewed.
5. The electrical characteristics of a fan-shaped array of log-periodic dipole antennas over an imperfectly conducting ground plane are calculated in detail and tested. The broadband characteristics and the relation between the electrical characteristics of the fan-shaped array and the parameters (highs above a natural ground, a conductivity ,a dielectric constant, etc.) of the log-periodic dipole antennas position is discussed.
6.The function and usage of the software for analyzing the fan-shaped array of log-periodic dipole antennas are introduced.
1．对对数周期偶极天线和导线天线的基本理论和分析方法进行了概述。结合工程实际，提出并首次采用了以电压源为激励源，将矩量法和对数周期偶极天线的等效传输矩阵网络相结合的叠代分析方法。采用该方法对自由空间对数周期偶极天线的方向图、增益、输入阻抗和电压驻波比以及等效相位中心等特性进行了详细的分析计算，且计算时考虑了阵中所有偶极子之间的全部互耦。借鉴文献中的理论计算值或实验值充分证明了分析方法和数值结果的正确性。
2．对自由空间对数周期偶极天线扇形阵的辐射特性进行了详细的理论分析和数值计算。在计算由矩量法导出的广义阻抗矩阵元素时，利用广义阻抗矩阵的互易性、对数周期偶极天线及由其组成的扇形阵的结构对称性，对算法进行了有效的优化，避免了重复计算；利用对数周期偶极天线的工作原理，合理截去单元对数周期偶极天线未激励区的长振子，直接减少振子总数，从而大大提高了计算速度。对扇形阵的宽带特性及影响其电特性的多种参数(阵元数、相邻阵元间的夹角、单元对数周期偶极天线的虚顶点距离圆心的位置、阵元间互耦的影响、激励源的非均匀情况)进行了详细的分析计算。
3．在计算振子总数非常多的大型圆形阵的方向图时，提出先分组计算矢量场，后进行矢量合成的方式，成功完成了对大型圆形阵方向图的理论分析。
4．详细推导了近地振子天线的电场积分方程，并重点讨论了近场Sommerfeld积分的计算方法-离散复镜像法及基于驻相法的远场Sommerfeld积分的近似计算公式。
5．对近地对数周期偶极天线及由其组成的扇形阵的辐射特性进行了分析计算和实验验证。并详细讨论了近地对数周期偶极天线及由其组成的扇形阵的宽带特性以及架设高度和地层参数对近地垂直极化和水平极化对数周期偶极天线方向图的影响。
6．详细介绍了对数周期天线扇形阵特性分析软件的功能及使用方法。
In this dissertation, the characteristics of a fan-shaped array of log-periodic dipole antennas in the free space or over an imperfectly conducting ground plane are analyzed and calculated in detail. Based on the method introduced by the author and the formulae in the dissertation, the software for analyzing the characteristics of the fan-shaped array is programmed .
1. The essential theory and major methods for analyzing log-periodic dipole antennas and wire antennas are summarized. Based on the need of engineering, for the first time , an iterating method for analyzing the log-periodic dipole antenna excited by voltage is introduced. The method of moments and equivalence transmission matrix of the antenna are suitably integrated. The electrical characteristics (radiation pattern, gain, input impedance, voltage standing wave ratio, etc.) and the variable phase centers of the log-periodic dipole antenna in the free space are analyzed and calculated in detail, taking into account all mutual coupling effect. The results of comparison are presented which show that the method and software are precise.
2. The characteristics of a fan-shaped array of log-periodic dipole antennas in the free space are analyzed and calculated in detail. All the antenna symmetries and the reciprocity character of the Z matrix are carefully taken into account in order to calculate only the elements of the Z matrix which are different from all others. Making use of the principle of a log-periodic dipole antenna, the long elements in the unexcited long dipole region can be truncated at certain conditions. After the optimizing for the algorithm, the calculating time can be decreased evidently. The relation between the electrical characteristics of the fan-shaped array and the parameters (the number of log-periodic dipole antenna, the angle between the two adjacent antenna, etc.)of the fan-shaped array construction is discussed.
3. During calculating the radiation pattern of a large circular array of log-periodic dipole antennas, a simple and applied method is introduced.
4.The method for solving the Electric Field Integral Equation of horizontal and vertical electric dipoles over an imperfectly conducting ground plane is discussed. A discrete image method to evaluate the Sdmmerfeld integral in the near field and a
method to evaluate the Sommerfeld integral rapidly in the far field are reviewed.
5. The electrical characteristics of a fan-shaped array of log-periodic dipole antennas over an imperfectly conducting ground plane are calculated in detail and tested. The broadband characteristics and the relation between the electrical characteristics of the fan-shaped array and the parameters (highs above a natural ground, a conductivity ,a dielectric constant, etc.) of the log-periodic dipole antennas position is discussed.
6.The function and usage of the software for analyzing the fan-shaped array of log-periodic dipole antennas are introduced.
引文
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