丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）对黄瓜植株盐胁迫伤害的缓解及其生理效应研究
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摘要
土壤盐渍化严重制约着农业的发展,是目前影响作物生长和产量形成的主要限制因素。高盐会引起植物的减产或死亡,影响蔬菜的品质,因此提高植物的耐盐性对于农业的可持续发展意义重大。丛枝菌根真菌(Aarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)是土壤菌根菌与高等植物根系形成的联合体,对植物具有广泛的侵染性。研究表明,接种AMF可以增加植物对N、P和微量元素的吸收,提高蔬菜的产量和品质,增强蔬菜植株对环境胁迫的抗性。但AMF对黄瓜耐盐性的生理作用及其调节机制尚未阐明。
本文选用盐敏感型黄瓜品种‘津春2号’为试验材料,采用基质栽培,研究了不同种类AMF对黄瓜幼苗生长、叶片光合作用和植株体内矿质元素含量的影响,在此基础上探讨了AMF增强黄瓜耐盐性的生理机制,主要研究成果如下：
盐胁迫下,黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗和净光合速率(Pn)减少,电导率增大,MDA含量升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增强,且随着盐胁迫浓度的升高各指标变化幅度增大；高浓度(0.9%、1.2%)NaCl处理下,叶片的生长受到明显的抑制,幼苗存活率下降；0.3%NaCl处理对植株生长和生理指标影响较小；0.6%及以上浓度NaCl处理下,黄瓜植株的生物量显著下降。
接种4种不同的丛枝菌根真菌GMA、GMS、GMH、GV对黄瓜植株生长有不同程度的促进作用,并显著提高黄瓜叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量和净光合速率(Pn)以及植株体内的矿质元素的含量,其中GMA对黄瓜生长促进效果最好。进一步研究了接种GMA对胁迫条件下黄瓜产量和品质的影响,结果表明,盐胁迫下,接种AMF可以缓解盐胁迫对黄瓜生长的抑制作用,提高植株体内各矿质元素含量,以及果实产量和品质。说明AMF可通过促进盐胁迫下黄瓜植株对矿质营养的吸收,来促进胁迫条件下植株的生长,从而增强黄瓜植株对盐胁迫的耐性,并改善黄瓜的产量和品质。
盐胁迫下,黄瓜植株净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、气孔限制值(Ls)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用率(WUE)均减小,细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)增加。盐胁迫下,接种AMF促进了黄瓜幼苗的生长,并提高了Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci和WUE,而使Ls降低。说明AMF通过增大气孔导度来促进盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合作用,并提高了水分利用效率,增强黄瓜幼苗对盐胁迫的耐性。
盐胁迫下,黄瓜幼苗叶片和根系的过氧化氢(H202)、抗坏血酸(AsA)、脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量,AsA/DHA比值,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性均显著提高,而还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和GSH/GSSG比值显著降低,MDA含量和O2产生速率增加。盐胁迫下,接种AMF可以使黄瓜幼苗叶片和根系的AsA和GSH含量、AsA/DHA和GSH/GSSG比值,以及SOD、POD、CAT、APX、GR、MDAR活性均显著高于单纯盐胁迫处理,而MDA、H2O2和GSSG含量和O2-产生速率则低于单纯盐胁迫处理。说明盐胁迫下AMF可增强黄瓜植株的抗氧化能力,缓解盐胁迫对黄瓜幼苗造成的伤害。
盐胁迫下,接种AMF可以使黄瓜幼苗体内可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸和矿质元素含量以及K+/Na+提高。说明AMF通过促进提高黄瓜植株的渗透调节能力,并促进黄瓜幼苗对矿质元素的吸收,减缓盐胁迫对植株的伤害。
Soil salinization seriously restricted the developing of modern agriculture. It was the main limitation factor of the crops growth and yield. High salty might course the yield reduction and the death of plants, effect the quality of vegetables. Increased the salt resistance of plants was very important to the sustainable development of agriculture. As the combo of the soil mycorrhiz and higher-plant roots, arbuscular mycorrhiz fingu (AMF) could infect most of the plants. It was recognized that AMF vaccinated could increase the absorptive amount of N, P and minor elements in plants, raise the yield and quatilty of vegetables, improve the resistance of environmental stress. However, the mechanism was still not well established in physiological regulation role of AMF in its adaptation to salt stress in cucumber seedlings.
In the present study, salt-sensitive cultivar'Jinchun No.2'was chosen as experimental materials. In order to elucidate the mechanism of AMF in improving tolerance of cucumber to salinity, and develop suitable methods to whether infection seedlings with AMF could enhance the resistance of cucumber plants, we investigated the effects of different kinds of AMF on the growth, photosynthesis and mineral element contents in cucumber seedlings, and the relationship between AMF infection and the growth, photosynthesis, mineral element, reactive oxygen metabolism and ascorbat-glutahione cycle in cucumber seedlings under salt stress. Main research results were as follows:
After treating with different levels of NaCl (0%,0.3%,0.6%,0.9% and 1.2%) both height, stem diameter and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased, cell membrane damage rate and MDA contents increased, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity improved, and the change of each index increases with the increase of NaCl concentrations. Under high concentration (0.9%,1.2%) NaCl treatment, the growth of leaves were distinctly inhibited, the survival rate of seedlings falled, and each physiological indices of the seedlings significant changed comparing with control.0.3% NaCl treatment had little effect on the growth and physiological indices. Under 0.6% and more concentration of NaCI treatment, biomass significantly decreased.
Inoculation four kinds of AMF all could promote the growth of cucumber, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid contents and photo synthetic rate of leaves, and the mineral element contents of shoots and roots were higher than control. It was illustrated that the inoculation of AMF might promote the growth of plant by enhancing the photosynthesis, the water and nutrients absorption of cucumber seedlings. GMA was the best one to promote the growth of cucumber seedlings.
Inoculated AMF could effectively promote the growth and mineral nutrient absorption in cucumber plants, increase its yield and fruit quality. Salt stress might inhibit the growth of cucumber, reduce the mineral element contents and K+/Na+ of plants, and decrease the yield and quality of fruit. AMF inoculation could alleviate the inhibition of cucumber plants by salt stress, improve the mineral element contents and K+/Na+ of plants, and increase the yield and quality of fruits. It showed that by promoting the absorption of mineral nutrients in cucumber plants under salt stress, AMF could expedite the growth of plant and increase the yield and quality of fruit under stress conditions, consequently enhanced the salt stress tolerance in cucumber plants.
Under salt stress, the height, the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots decreased, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), stomatal limitation (Ls), transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) reduced, while intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased in cucumber seedlings. Under salt stress, after AMF-inoculation the growth index, Pn, Gs, Tr, Ci and WUE increased, however Ls decreased. It indicated that AMF could accelerate plant growth and enhance the salt stress tolerance of cucumber seedlings by promoting the photosynthesis and the absorption of water.
Under salt stress, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) contens, AsA/DHA ratio, superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), mondehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), dehydroascorbaic reductase (DHAR) activity significantly increased, while glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, GSH/GSSG ratio, O2 production rate notablely decreased compared with control in leaves and roots of cucumber seedlings. Under salt stress, after AMF inoculation the AsA and GSH contents, AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratio, SOD, POD, CAT, APX, GR, MDAR activities in leaves and roots were remarkablely higher than those of salt stress, while MDA, H2O2 and GSSG contents, O2-·production rates in leaves and roots were lower than that of salt stress. It was suggested that AMF could improve the antioxidant capacities of cucumber seedlings, then ease the injury of salt stress in cucumber seedlings.
Under salt stress, after AMF-inoculation soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline and various mineral elements contents, K+/Na+ increased. It showed that AMF could enhance the osmotic adjustment mechanism of salt tolerance by promoting the mass accumulation of soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline contents, and improve the absorption of mineral element contents to alleviate the damage of salt stress in cucumber seedlings.
本文选用盐敏感型黄瓜品种‘津春2号’为试验材料,采用基质栽培,研究了不同种类AMF对黄瓜幼苗生长、叶片光合作用和植株体内矿质元素含量的影响,在此基础上探讨了AMF增强黄瓜耐盐性的生理机制,主要研究成果如下：
盐胁迫下,黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗和净光合速率(Pn)减少,电导率增大,MDA含量升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增强,且随着盐胁迫浓度的升高各指标变化幅度增大；高浓度(0.9%、1.2%)NaCl处理下,叶片的生长受到明显的抑制,幼苗存活率下降；0.3%NaCl处理对植株生长和生理指标影响较小；0.6%及以上浓度NaCl处理下,黄瓜植株的生物量显著下降。
接种4种不同的丛枝菌根真菌GMA、GMS、GMH、GV对黄瓜植株生长有不同程度的促进作用,并显著提高黄瓜叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量和净光合速率(Pn)以及植株体内的矿质元素的含量,其中GMA对黄瓜生长促进效果最好。进一步研究了接种GMA对胁迫条件下黄瓜产量和品质的影响,结果表明,盐胁迫下,接种AMF可以缓解盐胁迫对黄瓜生长的抑制作用,提高植株体内各矿质元素含量,以及果实产量和品质。说明AMF可通过促进盐胁迫下黄瓜植株对矿质营养的吸收,来促进胁迫条件下植株的生长,从而增强黄瓜植株对盐胁迫的耐性,并改善黄瓜的产量和品质。
盐胁迫下,黄瓜植株净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、气孔限制值(Ls)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用率(WUE)均减小,细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)增加。盐胁迫下,接种AMF促进了黄瓜幼苗的生长,并提高了Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci和WUE,而使Ls降低。说明AMF通过增大气孔导度来促进盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合作用,并提高了水分利用效率,增强黄瓜幼苗对盐胁迫的耐性。
盐胁迫下,黄瓜幼苗叶片和根系的过氧化氢(H202)、抗坏血酸(AsA)、脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量,AsA/DHA比值,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性均显著提高,而还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和GSH/GSSG比值显著降低,MDA含量和O2产生速率增加。盐胁迫下,接种AMF可以使黄瓜幼苗叶片和根系的AsA和GSH含量、AsA/DHA和GSH/GSSG比值,以及SOD、POD、CAT、APX、GR、MDAR活性均显著高于单纯盐胁迫处理,而MDA、H2O2和GSSG含量和O2-产生速率则低于单纯盐胁迫处理。说明盐胁迫下AMF可增强黄瓜植株的抗氧化能力,缓解盐胁迫对黄瓜幼苗造成的伤害。
盐胁迫下,接种AMF可以使黄瓜幼苗体内可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸和矿质元素含量以及K+/Na+提高。说明AMF通过促进提高黄瓜植株的渗透调节能力,并促进黄瓜幼苗对矿质元素的吸收,减缓盐胁迫对植株的伤害。
Soil salinization seriously restricted the developing of modern agriculture. It was the main limitation factor of the crops growth and yield. High salty might course the yield reduction and the death of plants, effect the quality of vegetables. Increased the salt resistance of plants was very important to the sustainable development of agriculture. As the combo of the soil mycorrhiz and higher-plant roots, arbuscular mycorrhiz fingu (AMF) could infect most of the plants. It was recognized that AMF vaccinated could increase the absorptive amount of N, P and minor elements in plants, raise the yield and quatilty of vegetables, improve the resistance of environmental stress. However, the mechanism was still not well established in physiological regulation role of AMF in its adaptation to salt stress in cucumber seedlings.
In the present study, salt-sensitive cultivar'Jinchun No.2'was chosen as experimental materials. In order to elucidate the mechanism of AMF in improving tolerance of cucumber to salinity, and develop suitable methods to whether infection seedlings with AMF could enhance the resistance of cucumber plants, we investigated the effects of different kinds of AMF on the growth, photosynthesis and mineral element contents in cucumber seedlings, and the relationship between AMF infection and the growth, photosynthesis, mineral element, reactive oxygen metabolism and ascorbat-glutahione cycle in cucumber seedlings under salt stress. Main research results were as follows:
After treating with different levels of NaCl (0%,0.3%,0.6%,0.9% and 1.2%) both height, stem diameter and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased, cell membrane damage rate and MDA contents increased, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity improved, and the change of each index increases with the increase of NaCl concentrations. Under high concentration (0.9%,1.2%) NaCl treatment, the growth of leaves were distinctly inhibited, the survival rate of seedlings falled, and each physiological indices of the seedlings significant changed comparing with control.0.3% NaCl treatment had little effect on the growth and physiological indices. Under 0.6% and more concentration of NaCI treatment, biomass significantly decreased.
Inoculation four kinds of AMF all could promote the growth of cucumber, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid contents and photo synthetic rate of leaves, and the mineral element contents of shoots and roots were higher than control. It was illustrated that the inoculation of AMF might promote the growth of plant by enhancing the photosynthesis, the water and nutrients absorption of cucumber seedlings. GMA was the best one to promote the growth of cucumber seedlings.
Inoculated AMF could effectively promote the growth and mineral nutrient absorption in cucumber plants, increase its yield and fruit quality. Salt stress might inhibit the growth of cucumber, reduce the mineral element contents and K+/Na+ of plants, and decrease the yield and quality of fruit. AMF inoculation could alleviate the inhibition of cucumber plants by salt stress, improve the mineral element contents and K+/Na+ of plants, and increase the yield and quality of fruits. It showed that by promoting the absorption of mineral nutrients in cucumber plants under salt stress, AMF could expedite the growth of plant and increase the yield and quality of fruit under stress conditions, consequently enhanced the salt stress tolerance in cucumber plants.
Under salt stress, the height, the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots decreased, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), stomatal limitation (Ls), transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) reduced, while intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased in cucumber seedlings. Under salt stress, after AMF-inoculation the growth index, Pn, Gs, Tr, Ci and WUE increased, however Ls decreased. It indicated that AMF could accelerate plant growth and enhance the salt stress tolerance of cucumber seedlings by promoting the photosynthesis and the absorption of water.
Under salt stress, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) contens, AsA/DHA ratio, superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), mondehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), dehydroascorbaic reductase (DHAR) activity significantly increased, while glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, GSH/GSSG ratio, O2 production rate notablely decreased compared with control in leaves and roots of cucumber seedlings. Under salt stress, after AMF inoculation the AsA and GSH contents, AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratio, SOD, POD, CAT, APX, GR, MDAR activities in leaves and roots were remarkablely higher than those of salt stress, while MDA, H2O2 and GSSG contents, O2-·production rates in leaves and roots were lower than that of salt stress. It was suggested that AMF could improve the antioxidant capacities of cucumber seedlings, then ease the injury of salt stress in cucumber seedlings.
Under salt stress, after AMF-inoculation soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline and various mineral elements contents, K+/Na+ increased. It showed that AMF could enhance the osmotic adjustment mechanism of salt tolerance by promoting the mass accumulation of soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline contents, and improve the absorption of mineral element contents to alleviate the damage of salt stress in cucumber seedlings.
引文
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