转型期上海老城区社会治安防控体系研究
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摘要
我国从1978年开始进入了社会转型期。在社会转型过程中,带来了利益格局的调整,社会性人口流动的负面效应,信息时代为犯罪信息传递提供渠道不断增多,特别是还伴随着政府职能的改革和社会控制模式的改变,原有社会控制模式和机制被打破而新的社会控制模式和机制尚未形成或尚未完全形成,这些因素造成了社会控制的失范,尤其是以人们感受最直接、最关心的社会治安问题更为突出,受到人们的普遍关注。在上海这个大型城市中,前几年以管理好、秩序好、发案少,赢得了治安状况良好的口碑。但近几年随着社会转型问题所引发的治安状况下降,严重影响了社会公众的公共安全感,影响了社会经济的发展。目前以中心区为代表的老城区的社会治安责任仍无法明确,原来实行的社会治安综合治理模式正在受到挑战,政府职能部门责任交叉重叠和推委现象同时存在,特别是在警力有限的前提下,“警察真空”的存在和居民防范的非专业化使得这一特定区域社会治安防控较为薄弱,新生的政府购买服务又难以自立,在管理主体尚不能成熟、自觉实施社会治安防控责任的时候,社会治安问题突出就成了应有之事。该学位论文研究的目的是:在我国社会转型这一特殊条件下,以维护治安稳定、构建和谐社会为理念,分析造成社会治安突出问题的原因,从而有针对性地提出在社会转型期的上海如何通过加强政府的社会控制、完善社会治安综合治理体系、构建政府主导、市场和社会适度参与的新型社会治安防控体系之观点,来进一步加强老城区的治安管理。
本文研究思路是这样的:第一章为绪论,介绍本课题的研究背景、意义,国内外研究现状的综述,为本文设置逻辑起点;第二章论述上海市老城区社会治安防控体系发展的历史、现状及存在的问题,分别解析社会转型、上海老城区、社会治安防控体系的特定含义;以及上海老城区社会治安防控体系的构成、上海老城区社会治安管理体制发展简要历程和上海老城区社会治安防控现状与主要问题。第三章是分析当前上海老城区社会治安管理中存在问题的原因。从政治、经济、文化三个方面,分析原有社会控制模式被打破、新的模式未建成、社会失范、管理者缺位、社会力量不成熟等问题。第四章是提出提出改革方向。改革的基本思路是“政府的归政府,市场的归市场,社会的归社会”。具体来说,就是该政府承担的责任要承担起来,形成政府负责、部门分工的管理体制;该市场化管理的归市场,改变现有带有明显转制、转型色彩的管理模式;该社会管的归社会,走政府负责、市场运作、社会参与的道路。最后的结语,对本文的论述作一简要小结,最后进一步阐明本文的结论。
Since 1978, China has started to enter into social transformation period. In the process of social transformation, it has brought the adjustment of interest pattern and the negative effects on social population flow; the channels provided by information age for the transmission of criminal information has been increased, especially along with the reform of governmental functions and the change of social control pattern, the original social control pattern and mechanism have been broken, but the new have not been formed or have not been fully formed, these factors have caused the anomie of social control, in particular, the issue of social security which is most directly felt and most concerned by people is a matter of interest to people. The metropolitan Shanghai has won a reputation of good public order for good management, good order and less cases during the last few years. But as the decline of public order caused by the issue of social transformation in recent years, the public sense of security of social public has been seriously affected, affecting the development of social economy. at present the social security responsibility of the old city zone represented by the middle zone still can not be clearly defined, the originally implemented comprehensive control model of social security model is being challenged, and the phenomenon of cross and repeated and passing the buck to anyone else for the responsibilities of the governmental functional departments have coexisted, particularly on the premise of the limitation of police strength, the existence of“police vacuum”and the non-specialized defense for the residents lead the social security prevention and control of this specific area not strong, in addition, the newborn purchase of service contracting is difficult to self support, so the issue of social security is ought to occur when the social security prevention and control responsibilities can not be maturely and consciously implemented by the management subject. The study purpose for this dissertation is as follows: under the specific condition of the social transformation in China, to take the maintenance of social stability and the construction of harmonious society as the idea, and analyze the reasons for the issue of social security, including the reasons for systems, the reasons for the division of functions, the reasons for system setting, the reasons for specific management, therefore providing corresponding views such as the reinforcement of the social control for the government, the improvement of the comprehensive management system of the social security, the construction of the new social security prevention and control system lead by government and market and social moderate participation, to further strengthen the security management of the old city during the transformation period.
The study trains of thoughts for this dissertation are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction, which presents the study background and significance of this subject, and introduces the summary of the present situation at home and abroad, thereby setting the logical starting point for this dissertation; the second chapter discusses the history, the current situation and the existing issues of the development of the social security prevention and control system in the old city zone in Shanghai, and analyzes the specific definitions of "social transformation", "the old city zone in Shanghai" and "the social security prevention and control system" respectively, in addition, it also analyzes the structure of the social security prevention and control system of the old city zone in Shanghai, the brief introduction of the development of the social security management system of the old city zone in Shanghai, and the current situation and the main issues of the social security prevention and control system of the old city zone in Shanghai. The third chapter analyzes the existing issues in the social security management of the old city zone in Shanghai, and analyzes the following problems from the aspects of political, economic and cultural, such as, the original social control model is broken, the new model is not built, the social is out of standard, the managers are lacking and the social forces is not mature. The fourth chapter puts forward the direction of reformation. The basic train of thoughts in the reformation is "whatever government assumed belongs to the government, whatever market assumed belongs to the market and whatever society assumed belongs to the society". Specifically, the government should be responsible for the due responsibility to form the management system where the government is responsible and all departments are divided. The things which should be managed by the market belong to the market, and current management mode with significant restructuring and transformation color should be changed. The things which should be controlled by the society belong to the society, and a path where the government is responsible, the market operates and the society participates should be gone. The last epilogue which further clarifies the conclusion of this dissertation is the brief conclusion of this dissertation.
本文研究思路是这样的:第一章为绪论,介绍本课题的研究背景、意义,国内外研究现状的综述,为本文设置逻辑起点;第二章论述上海市老城区社会治安防控体系发展的历史、现状及存在的问题,分别解析社会转型、上海老城区、社会治安防控体系的特定含义;以及上海老城区社会治安防控体系的构成、上海老城区社会治安管理体制发展简要历程和上海老城区社会治安防控现状与主要问题。第三章是分析当前上海老城区社会治安管理中存在问题的原因。从政治、经济、文化三个方面,分析原有社会控制模式被打破、新的模式未建成、社会失范、管理者缺位、社会力量不成熟等问题。第四章是提出提出改革方向。改革的基本思路是“政府的归政府,市场的归市场,社会的归社会”。具体来说,就是该政府承担的责任要承担起来,形成政府负责、部门分工的管理体制;该市场化管理的归市场,改变现有带有明显转制、转型色彩的管理模式;该社会管的归社会,走政府负责、市场运作、社会参与的道路。最后的结语,对本文的论述作一简要小结,最后进一步阐明本文的结论。
Since 1978, China has started to enter into social transformation period. In the process of social transformation, it has brought the adjustment of interest pattern and the negative effects on social population flow; the channels provided by information age for the transmission of criminal information has been increased, especially along with the reform of governmental functions and the change of social control pattern, the original social control pattern and mechanism have been broken, but the new have not been formed or have not been fully formed, these factors have caused the anomie of social control, in particular, the issue of social security which is most directly felt and most concerned by people is a matter of interest to people. The metropolitan Shanghai has won a reputation of good public order for good management, good order and less cases during the last few years. But as the decline of public order caused by the issue of social transformation in recent years, the public sense of security of social public has been seriously affected, affecting the development of social economy. at present the social security responsibility of the old city zone represented by the middle zone still can not be clearly defined, the originally implemented comprehensive control model of social security model is being challenged, and the phenomenon of cross and repeated and passing the buck to anyone else for the responsibilities of the governmental functional departments have coexisted, particularly on the premise of the limitation of police strength, the existence of“police vacuum”and the non-specialized defense for the residents lead the social security prevention and control of this specific area not strong, in addition, the newborn purchase of service contracting is difficult to self support, so the issue of social security is ought to occur when the social security prevention and control responsibilities can not be maturely and consciously implemented by the management subject. The study purpose for this dissertation is as follows: under the specific condition of the social transformation in China, to take the maintenance of social stability and the construction of harmonious society as the idea, and analyze the reasons for the issue of social security, including the reasons for systems, the reasons for the division of functions, the reasons for system setting, the reasons for specific management, therefore providing corresponding views such as the reinforcement of the social control for the government, the improvement of the comprehensive management system of the social security, the construction of the new social security prevention and control system lead by government and market and social moderate participation, to further strengthen the security management of the old city during the transformation period.
The study trains of thoughts for this dissertation are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction, which presents the study background and significance of this subject, and introduces the summary of the present situation at home and abroad, thereby setting the logical starting point for this dissertation; the second chapter discusses the history, the current situation and the existing issues of the development of the social security prevention and control system in the old city zone in Shanghai, and analyzes the specific definitions of "social transformation", "the old city zone in Shanghai" and "the social security prevention and control system" respectively, in addition, it also analyzes the structure of the social security prevention and control system of the old city zone in Shanghai, the brief introduction of the development of the social security management system of the old city zone in Shanghai, and the current situation and the main issues of the social security prevention and control system of the old city zone in Shanghai. The third chapter analyzes the existing issues in the social security management of the old city zone in Shanghai, and analyzes the following problems from the aspects of political, economic and cultural, such as, the original social control model is broken, the new model is not built, the social is out of standard, the managers are lacking and the social forces is not mature. The fourth chapter puts forward the direction of reformation. The basic train of thoughts in the reformation is "whatever government assumed belongs to the government, whatever market assumed belongs to the market and whatever society assumed belongs to the society". Specifically, the government should be responsible for the due responsibility to form the management system where the government is responsible and all departments are divided. The things which should be managed by the market belong to the market, and current management mode with significant restructuring and transformation color should be changed. The things which should be controlled by the society belong to the society, and a path where the government is responsible, the market operates and the society participates should be gone. The last epilogue which further clarifies the conclusion of this dissertation is the brief conclusion of this dissertation.
引文
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3 王志伟.经济思想史[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2000.109-145.
4 [美]保罗·萨缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯.经济学(第 16 版)[M].北京:华夏出版社,2002.268.
5 丹尼斯·缪勒.公共选择[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1999.15.
6 鲍德威,威迪逊.公共部门经济学(第二版)[M].北京:中国人民人学出版社,2000.44.
7 奥尔森著,陈郁、郭宇峰、李崇新译.集体行动的逻辑[M].上海:上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,1995.13.
8 休·史卓顿,莱昂内尔·奥查德.公共物品、公共企业和公共选择[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2000.68.
9 刘凤良.西方经济学[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002.170.
10 孙浩.论公共物品供给中的政府角色[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005.13.
11 [法]E.迪尔凯姆 著《社会学方法的准则》,商务印书馆,北京:2003,第 47 页。
12 陈旭主编 《社会转型期的综合治理工作研究》 文汇出版社,2004 年 2 月出版,第 2 页。
14 同注 7 第、39-40、30、48-60 页。
15 《马克思恩格斯全集》第 1 卷,第 82 页。
16 《马克思恩格斯全集》第 3 卷,人民出版社 1960 年版,第 379 页。
17陈晏清主编,《当代中国社会转型论》,山西教育出版社 1998 年版,第 337 页。
18 秦国荣,《法治社会中法律的局限性及其矫正》,载《法学》2005 年第 3 期,第 28 页。
19 [法]卢梭,《社会契约论》,何兆武译,商务印书馆 1980 年修订第 2 版,第 53 页。
20《马克思恩格斯选集》第 3 卷,人民出版社 1 972 年版,第 307 页。
21茅于轼著,《中国人的道德前景》,暨南大学出版社 2003 年版,第 232 页。
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[2]丁木水等.社会稳定的理论与实践[M].浙江人民出版社 1997 年版
[3]公安部办公厅王贻星 李国忠.2004 年社会治安形势[G].
[4]载汝信等.2005 年:中国社会形势分析与预测[M].社会科学文献出版社
[5] [法]E.迪尔凯姆.社会学方法的准则[M].商务印书馆,北京:2003
[6]陈晏清.当代中国社会转型论[M].山西教育出版社 1998 年版
[7]茅于轼.中国人的道德前景[M].暨南大学出版社 2003 年版
[8]张兆端.社区警务论[M].中国人民公安大学出版社 2003 年版
[9]中国社会治安综合治理年鉴[M].2005 中国长安出版社
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[11]王贻星,李国忠.2004 年社会治安形势[G].
[12]张文魁.走向完全的市场经济[J].《中国新闻周刊》,2003
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[14][法]E.迪尔凯姆.社会学方法的准则[M].商务印书馆,北京:2003
[15]陆学艺.当代中国社会阶层研究报告[M].社会科学文献出版社,2002 年 1 月出版
[16]马克思恩格斯全集[M].第 1 卷
[17]秦国荣.法治社会中法律的局限性及其矫正[J].载《法学》2005 年第 3 期
[18][法]卢梭.社会契约论[M].商务印书馆 1980 年修订第 2 版
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[34]鲍德威,威迪逊.公共部门经济学(第二版)[M].北京:中国人民人学出版社,2000.44.
[35]奥尔森.集体行动的逻辑[M].上海:上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,1995.13.
[36]休·史卓顿,莱昂内尔·奥查德.《公共物品、公共企业和公共选择》[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2000.68.
[37]刘凤良.西方经济学[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002.170.
[38]孙浩.论公共物品供给中的政府角色[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005.13.
3 王志伟.经济思想史[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2000.109-145.
4 [美]保罗·萨缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯.经济学(第 16 版)[M].北京:华夏出版社,2002.268.
5 丹尼斯·缪勒.公共选择[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1999.15.
6 鲍德威,威迪逊.公共部门经济学(第二版)[M].北京:中国人民人学出版社,2000.44.
7 奥尔森著,陈郁、郭宇峰、李崇新译.集体行动的逻辑[M].上海:上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,1995.13.
8 休·史卓顿,莱昂内尔·奥查德.公共物品、公共企业和公共选择[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2000.68.
9 刘凤良.西方经济学[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002.170.
10 孙浩.论公共物品供给中的政府角色[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005.13.
11 [法]E.迪尔凯姆 著《社会学方法的准则》,商务印书馆,北京:2003,第 47 页。
12 陈旭主编 《社会转型期的综合治理工作研究》 文汇出版社,2004 年 2 月出版,第 2 页。
14 同注 7 第、39-40、30、48-60 页。
15 《马克思恩格斯全集》第 1 卷,第 82 页。
16 《马克思恩格斯全集》第 3 卷,人民出版社 1960 年版,第 379 页。
17陈晏清主编,《当代中国社会转型论》,山西教育出版社 1998 年版,第 337 页。
18 秦国荣,《法治社会中法律的局限性及其矫正》,载《法学》2005 年第 3 期,第 28 页。
19 [法]卢梭,《社会契约论》,何兆武译,商务印书馆 1980 年修订第 2 版,第 53 页。
20《马克思恩格斯选集》第 3 卷,人民出版社 1 972 年版,第 307 页。
21茅于轼著,《中国人的道德前景》,暨南大学出版社 2003 年版,第 232 页。
[1]郑杭生.社会转型中的中国和中国的社会转型:中国社会主义现代化进程的社会学研究[M].首都师范大学出版社
[2]丁木水等.社会稳定的理论与实践[M].浙江人民出版社 1997 年版
[3]公安部办公厅王贻星 李国忠.2004 年社会治安形势[G].
[4]载汝信等.2005 年:中国社会形势分析与预测[M].社会科学文献出版社
[5] [法]E.迪尔凯姆.社会学方法的准则[M].商务印书馆,北京:2003
[6]陈晏清.当代中国社会转型论[M].山西教育出版社 1998 年版
[7]茅于轼.中国人的道德前景[M].暨南大学出版社 2003 年版
[8]张兆端.社区警务论[M].中国人民公安大学出版社 2003 年版
[9]中国社会治安综合治理年鉴[M].2005 中国长安出版社
[10] 王志伟.经济思想史[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2000.
[11]王贻星,李国忠.2004 年社会治安形势[G].
[12]张文魁.走向完全的市场经济[J].《中国新闻周刊》,2003
[13]王志伟.经济思想史[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2000.
[14][法]E.迪尔凯姆.社会学方法的准则[M].商务印书馆,北京:2003
[15]陆学艺.当代中国社会阶层研究报告[M].社会科学文献出版社,2002 年 1 月出版
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