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杜甫诗和韩国朝鲜时代诗研究
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摘要
因为杜甫的诗中表现出来的儒家思想与朝鲜时期崇尚的“崇儒抑佛”思想相吻合,所以早在高丽成宗(宋真宗)时,《杜工部诗集》在韩国出版发行,朝鲜时期编辑出版了《杜诗译解》,杜甫的诗因此在韩国扎根。杜甫诗作为学诗的宗典,其诗圣的地位在韩国人的意识中占有极为重要的地位。
     从韩中文学交流这一角度来看,不可否认,中国文学对韩国文学起到了极为重要的影响,朝鲜文人们吸收这些,并通过不懈的努力和富有智慧的理解,很好地消化并发展。韩国诗人学杜并不是单纯的吸收,而是经过脱胎换骨的过程而形成自己卓有成就的新的创作。
     本论文研究朝鲜时代代表诗人徐居正、南龙翼、申纬在诗歌创作过程中是以怎样的方式对杜甫的诗进行吸收,是以怎样的面貌升华其新诗的领域。
     依靠朝鲜初期的崇儒政策,崇尚苏诗的倾向逐渐消失,读杜热取而代之,逐渐地旺盛起来。
     集贤殿的《杜诗译解》对韩国的杜诗史起到了极为重要的影响,再加上《篡注分类杜诗》等书的刊行,学习杜诗已经成为了当时学诗者的必修之课。
     朝鲜诗人对杜甫的学习和接受以初、中、后期三位重要诗人徐居正、南龙翼、申纬为突出代表。
     一、朝鲜早期诗人徐居正对杜诗的接受:
     朝鲜初期的代表文人徐居正(1420~1488),在杜诗的阅读和继承上表现出了与众不同。从诗文学的见地来看,与苏轼相比,徐居正更倾向于接受杜甫。他通过《东人诗话》中的众多诗评,担当了当时文学思潮由学苏轼向学杜甫转变的一部分重任。
     徐居正受杜甫影响表现为以下方面:
     第一,徐居正把自己与杜甫同一视之。
     徐居正在《独坐》、《再和日休诗韵四首》、《又用前韵寄子休》、《杜甫醉驴》等诗中把自己比喻为杜甫,与杜甫同一视之。
     通过这些诗可以看出徐居正决心模仿杜甫关于国家和百姓的作诗姿态及诗精神,同时在字里行间中可以窥见其对自身所作诗的自负心。徐居正把自身与作为忧国诗人而贫穷一生的杜甫作比的真正意图,乃是希望通过吸收其诗精神进而达
Confucianism in Dufu's poems resulted in the publication of 《Du-Shi-Yan-Jie》 through a national compilation in the Chaoxian Dynasty, due to the fact that it agreed with the Chaoxian policy of encouraging Confucianism and oppressing Buddhism. As a result, Dufu's poetry was deeply situated in Koreans' consciousness as one of the best texts on poetry, Dufu as a saint of poetry.In the viewpoint of the exchange between Chinese and Korean literature, it's impossible to reject the fact that much more Chinese literature was introduced into Korean literature. The Chaoxian poets contributed to the development of Korean literature by way of studying on and receiving Chinese literature, which was not a simple reception but a creative one beyond it.This study is on how Xu Ju-zheng, Nan Long-yi and Shen Wei, three representative Choseon poets, received Dufu's poetry as a model in writing and how they developed into their own unique poem writing.Because of the policy of encouraging Confucianism during the early period of the Chaoxian Dynasty, Su-Shi's poetry got to be less and less respected, while Dufu's more and more admired. 《Du-Shi- Yan-Jie》 had a decisive influence on the history of Dufu's poetry in Korea.Xu Ju-zheng (1420-1488), one of the most representative literary men in the early period of the Chaoxian Dynasty, read Dufu's poems more than other Chinese poets' and tried to follow them in his own writing. Following points indicate that Xu was much influenced by Dufu.First, the identification with Dufu is found out in Xu's poems. He compared himself to Dufu and even identified himself with the Chinese poet in many of his poems, such as 《Du-Zuo》《Zai-He-Ri-Xiu-Shi-Yun-Si-Shou》《You-Yong-qian-Ji-Zi-Xiu》 . It shows that he was very proud of writing a poem.Second, critical essays on Dufu's poetry are discovered in Xu's 《Dong-Ren-Shi-Hua》. Although the poem style of the Sung Dynasty had been popular in the early period of Chaoxian since the latter period of the Gaoli Dynasty, Xu Ju-zheng highly appreciated the Tang poem style and tried to aim at it.《Dong-Ren-Shi-Hua》 formed the basis of making the Confucian literature reach
    the summit before Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592. Xu had already learned Su-Shi's exuberant writing style, but he tried to study on Dufu's poetic world of art. This book shows that the literary trend at that time was being changed from Su-Shi's style to Dufu's.Nan Long-yi( 1628-1692), one of the most representative literary men in the middle period of Chaoxian, held important posts, such as the Minister of Home affairs and Education. Although he was very busy as a government official for over 40 years, he wrote many books, like ^Hu-Gu-JiK     creative way of studying Dufu's poetry. He said that it was the best way of studying Dufu to learn Su-Shi in advance and then to move to Dufu.Second, we can find out We Shin's unique essays and criticism on poetry under the influence of Dufu. {Xi-Wei-Liu-Jue? , Dufu's poem sequence, is an example of 'commenting on a poem with a poem.' Shin wrote CDong-Ren-Lun-Shi-Jue-Ju-San-Shi-Wu-Shou)) after the model of Dufu's poems, in which he commented on Korean writers, works and literary trends in the form of a poem. This is a kind of literary criticism through the influence of Dufu. These poems are very important in the history of Korean literature and are also very helpful in studying Korean poems in Chinese and their poets.Dufu's poetry are deeply impressive because they are from his faithful attitude toward life and from the poet's mind that he always cares about his own country and people. Dufu did not forget the Emperor and the people at any time, which was distinctly reflected in his poems.Many literary men in the Chaoxian Dynasty appreciated his spirit highly and tried to follow his literary world in their writing. They even tried to establish their own creative literary worlds in poems in Chinese, novel, si-jo(three-stanza Korean ode), chap-ga(traditional Korean folk song), etc.Xu Ju-zheng, Nan Long-yi and Shen Wei, three representative Chaoxian poets, studied on Dufu's poetry, accepted his literary styles and succeed in establishing their own unique world of poetry. As a result, all of them made enormous achievements in the exchange between Korean literature and Chinese literature.
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