硅胶柱层析分离天然及合成磷脂酰乙醇胺的研究
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摘要
高纯度磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)在提高人体记忆力与增强大脑功能方面优于磷脂酰胆碱(PC),磷脂酰乙醇胺具有维持及改善认知功能,其应用价值极其为重要;PE在天然磷脂组成中含量较低,这使得对其纯化较为困难;在天然磷脂酰乙醇胺的应用过程中,由于脂肪链的不饱和性,使得其化学稳定性、分散性、乳化性等都不好,而通过合成具有饱和脂肪链的磷脂酰乙醇胺,其用途更广、更安全,尤其是在医药和食品工业中。
目前国内所用高纯度磷脂产品多从国外进口,年需求量为数吨以上,而传统研究中又以PC居多,忽略了PE的重要性能,所以本实验的主要目的是研究获得高纯度PE的方法,同时对天然磷脂进行改性,提高PE在天然磷脂中的含量,并得到结构稳定的磷脂酰乙醇胺,经柱层析分离后能达到医药和食品等领域应用的纯度要求。
本文以天然磷脂PC-60为原料,运用硅胶柱层析法,考察天然磷脂在硅胶柱中的洗脱情况,在最佳工艺条件下,即氯仿/甲醇=2/3(v/v),室温下操作,上样量为0.025g磷脂粗品/g硅胶,流速控制在3ml/min左右,可得到纯度为96.2%,回收率为89.6%的磷脂酰乙醇胺:通过酶转化法使得磷脂酰乙醇胺在天然磷脂中的含量提高到80%左右,对酶转化后合成的磷脂酰乙醇胺进行分离纯化,在最佳洗脱工艺下,得到纯度为98.3%,回收率达90.4%的磷脂酰乙醇胺,能满足高纯度磷脂制备的要求,同时还选用了其它低毒的洗脱剂,也得到了不错的效果。
本实验还用硬脂酸与天然磷脂中的不饱和链进行脂肪酰置换反应,经柱分离得到纯度高于95%的二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺产品,红外分析表明,没有不饱和键的吸收峰,这丰富了对磷脂酰乙醇胺的研究,为日后磷脂酰乙醇胺的工业化生产提供了可靠的数据支持。
The high-purity phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) surpasses phosphatidylcholine (PC) regarding improving human body memory and enhancing cerebrum function. Simultaneously, the high-purity PE has the function of maintaining and improving cognition. Its application value is extremely important. The content of PE in natural phospholipids is low, so its separation and purification are difficult. In the application of lecithin, as a result of instauration of the fat chain, its chemical stability, dispersivity, emulsibility and so on are not good. But the application of synthetical lecithin having the saturated fat chain is broader and safer, particularly in medicine and food industry.
At present, the most high-purity phospholipids products used in domestic mostly depends on import from overseas. The demand of high-purity lecithin reaches several tons per year. But the traditional research focuses on PC, neglecting importance of PE. Therefore, the main purpose of this experiment is to obtain the high-purity PE method, simultaneously carry on the modification to the molecular structure of PE to obtain stable structure, which can meet the needs of PE in medicine, food industries and so on.
This article takes natural phospholipids PC-60 as raw material, using the silica gel column chromatography and isocratic elution, to inspect elution situation of phospholipids in the silica gel column. The best technological condition is that the eluent is chloroform/methyl alcohol (2/3, v/v), under the room temperature, loading amount is 0.025g phospholipids raw material /g silica gel, and the speed of flow is about 3ml/min. Under above conditions, the purity and recovery percent of PE can reach 96.2% and 89.6%. By enzymatic conversion method, the content of PE in natural phospholipids can be raised to 80%. In the separation process of synthesis PE obtained by enzymatic conversion method, the best technological conditions is that the eluent is chloroform/methyl alcohol (1/2, v/v), under the room temperature, loading amount is 0.03g phospholipids raw material /g silica gel, the speed of flow is about 45 drop /min. Under above conditions, the purity of PE can reach 98.3%, the recovery percent is 90.4%, which can satisfy the request of high-purity phospholipids preparation. Meanwhile other low poisonous eluents have been selected, also obtaining the good result.
This experiment also carries on replacement reaction between the stearic acid and the unsaturated chain of natural phospholipids, obtaining Distearoyl-Phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) whose purity is higher than 95% by column separation. The infrared analysis indicated that DSPE hasn't absorption peak of unsaturated bond, which has enriched the PE research, and provided reliable data support for the industrialization of PE production in the future.
目前国内所用高纯度磷脂产品多从国外进口,年需求量为数吨以上,而传统研究中又以PC居多,忽略了PE的重要性能,所以本实验的主要目的是研究获得高纯度PE的方法,同时对天然磷脂进行改性,提高PE在天然磷脂中的含量,并得到结构稳定的磷脂酰乙醇胺,经柱层析分离后能达到医药和食品等领域应用的纯度要求。
本文以天然磷脂PC-60为原料,运用硅胶柱层析法,考察天然磷脂在硅胶柱中的洗脱情况,在最佳工艺条件下,即氯仿/甲醇=2/3(v/v),室温下操作,上样量为0.025g磷脂粗品/g硅胶,流速控制在3ml/min左右,可得到纯度为96.2%,回收率为89.6%的磷脂酰乙醇胺:通过酶转化法使得磷脂酰乙醇胺在天然磷脂中的含量提高到80%左右,对酶转化后合成的磷脂酰乙醇胺进行分离纯化,在最佳洗脱工艺下,得到纯度为98.3%,回收率达90.4%的磷脂酰乙醇胺,能满足高纯度磷脂制备的要求,同时还选用了其它低毒的洗脱剂,也得到了不错的效果。
本实验还用硬脂酸与天然磷脂中的不饱和链进行脂肪酰置换反应,经柱分离得到纯度高于95%的二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺产品,红外分析表明,没有不饱和键的吸收峰,这丰富了对磷脂酰乙醇胺的研究,为日后磷脂酰乙醇胺的工业化生产提供了可靠的数据支持。
The high-purity phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) surpasses phosphatidylcholine (PC) regarding improving human body memory and enhancing cerebrum function. Simultaneously, the high-purity PE has the function of maintaining and improving cognition. Its application value is extremely important. The content of PE in natural phospholipids is low, so its separation and purification are difficult. In the application of lecithin, as a result of instauration of the fat chain, its chemical stability, dispersivity, emulsibility and so on are not good. But the application of synthetical lecithin having the saturated fat chain is broader and safer, particularly in medicine and food industry.
At present, the most high-purity phospholipids products used in domestic mostly depends on import from overseas. The demand of high-purity lecithin reaches several tons per year. But the traditional research focuses on PC, neglecting importance of PE. Therefore, the main purpose of this experiment is to obtain the high-purity PE method, simultaneously carry on the modification to the molecular structure of PE to obtain stable structure, which can meet the needs of PE in medicine, food industries and so on.
This article takes natural phospholipids PC-60 as raw material, using the silica gel column chromatography and isocratic elution, to inspect elution situation of phospholipids in the silica gel column. The best technological condition is that the eluent is chloroform/methyl alcohol (2/3, v/v), under the room temperature, loading amount is 0.025g phospholipids raw material /g silica gel, and the speed of flow is about 3ml/min. Under above conditions, the purity and recovery percent of PE can reach 96.2% and 89.6%. By enzymatic conversion method, the content of PE in natural phospholipids can be raised to 80%. In the separation process of synthesis PE obtained by enzymatic conversion method, the best technological conditions is that the eluent is chloroform/methyl alcohol (1/2, v/v), under the room temperature, loading amount is 0.03g phospholipids raw material /g silica gel, the speed of flow is about 45 drop /min. Under above conditions, the purity of PE can reach 98.3%, the recovery percent is 90.4%, which can satisfy the request of high-purity phospholipids preparation. Meanwhile other low poisonous eluents have been selected, also obtaining the good result.
This experiment also carries on replacement reaction between the stearic acid and the unsaturated chain of natural phospholipids, obtaining Distearoyl-Phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) whose purity is higher than 95% by column separation. The infrared analysis indicated that DSPE hasn't absorption peak of unsaturated bond, which has enriched the PE research, and provided reliable data support for the industrialization of PE production in the future.
引文
[1]马良.绿色机能食品:卵磷脂健康法[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1997
[2]岱忠波,丁卓平.卵磷脂的研究概况[J].中国乳品工业,2006,34(1):48-52
[3]Kick Othmer.Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.4th edition,vol 15.1995
[4]顾霞敏.高含量大豆卵磷脂的制备工艺研究[D].杭州:浙江大学硕士论文,2006
[5]Thomas.The component fatty acids of some vegetable seed phosphatides[J]Biochem.,1942,36:815-821
[6]吉田辛司.卵磷脂、卵黄磷脂的特性及其在化妆品中的应用[J].日用化学工业译丛,1984,20(2):21-24
[7]方嘉坚,陈龙.大豆卵磷脂的提纯[J].食品科学,2000,21(3):25-28
[8]上海第一医学院.医药生物化学下册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1979,1233-1252
[9]OtlesSemih.Lecithin-Its Chemistry and Technological Prop ties[J],Olaj Szappanlozmet,1997,46(4):145-149
[10]Med,World News.15,38E(1974)
[11]崔小明.大豆磷脂的开发和应用前景[J].甘肃化工,2001(1):10-12
[12]胡兴中,徐振山.我国大豆磷脂的开发利用状况与产业发展设想[J].中国油脂,1999(3):54-56
[13]Heidlas J,Vollbrecht H R,Cully J.Process for the production of fat-and cholesterol-reduced powered products based on eggs which are characterized by a high phospholipid content[P].US:5616352,1997
[14]Hatta Hajime.Lecithin and its purification with zinc chloride from crude ethanol extract [P].Japan kokai Tokkyo Koho JP6331,794
[15]Gunther B.R.Process for isolating phosphatidylcholine free of lysophosphatidylcholine from egg powder[P].US:48570236,1989
[16]W.S.Singleton,M.S.Gray,M.L.Brown and J.L.White,Chromatographically homogeneous lecithin from egg phospholipids.JAOC S.1965,42(1):53-56
[17]LRJuneja,TYamane,Shoichi Shimizu.Enzymatic Method of Increasing Phosphatidylcholine content of lecithin.JAOCS,1989,66(5):714-717
[18]李卫,邵友元,黄光斗.色谱法分离卵磷脂[J].吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2001,22(4):69-71
[19]柳叶.氧化铝柱层析分离纯化磷脂的工艺优化[D],杭州:浙江大学硕士论文,2006
[20]王利,焦发道.大豆磷脂的改性方法及其应用[J].黑龙江八一农报,2002,14(3):80-84
[21]刘元法,王兴国.大豆磷脂的组成与特性[J].粮食与油脂,2002,(3):11-14
[22]苏望懿.磷脂改性及富集的方法[J].武汉食品工业学院学报,1997,(3):28-32
[23]张根旺,杨天奎.大豆磷脂化学改性的研究[J].中国油脂,1992(增刊),181-184
[24]李荣和.豆新加工技术原理与应用[M].北京:科学科术文献出版社,1999,40-57
[25]陈石良,许正宏,孙微等.磷脂D的研究进展[J].工业微生物,1999,29(4):47-50
[26]Waite M.The Phospholipase Plenum Press[M].New York and London,1987:467
[27]Hradec J,Dufek P.Isolation and quantitation of phosphatidycholine by reversed-phase liquid-liquid extraction[J].J.Chormatogra.B,1997,703(1-2):259-262
[28]Gabriels M,Camu F,Plaizier-Vercammen J.Improved thin-layer chromatographic method for the separation of cholesterol,egg phosphatidylcholine,and their degradation products[J].AOAC International,2002,85(6):1273-1287
[29]何新霞,郑孝华,郑海燕,等.HPLC法测定大豆磷脂中卵磷脂含量[J].食品科学,2000,21(2):57-59
[30]Vaghela M.N.,Kilara A.Quantitative Analysis of phospholipids from whey protein concentrates by high-performance liquid chromatography with a narrow-bore column and an evaporative light-scattering detector[J].JAOCS,1995,72(6):729-733
[31]Himaki O,Yutaka I,Toru O.Determination of molecular species of phosphatidylcholines as 2-anthrylurethanes by reversed-phase HPLCwith fluorescence detection and on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry[J].J.Jpn.oil Chem.Soc,1998,48(6):559-567
[32]Letter W S.Rapid method for phospholipid class separation by HPLC using an evaporative light-scattering detector[J].J.Liq.Chromoatgr,1992,15(2):253-266
[33]Caerlli A.A.,V.Brevedan M.I.,Crapiste G.H.Quantitative Determination of Phospholipids in Sunflower oil[J].JAOCS,1997,74(5):511-514
[34]施邑屏,黎燕斌.~(31)P核磁共振光谱及薄层色谱分析针剂大豆卵磷脂[J].分析化学,1991,19(7):733-736
[35]Nzai J M.Proctor Ahospholipids determination in vegetable oilby thin-layer Chromatography and imaging densitometry[J].Food chemistry,1998,63(4):571-576
[36]陈立功,张卫红,冯亚肖等.精细化学品的现代分离与分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[37]郭浩,张小里.磷脂酶D的研究进展[J].西北大学学报,2006,36(10):221-213
[38]R.Rahmani,F.Gueritte,M.Martin.Comparative pharmacokinetics of antitumor vinca alkaloids:intravenous bolus injections of navebine and related alkaloids to cancer patients and tats[J].Cancer Chenother.Pharmacol,1986(16):223-228
[39]D.B.Fenske,K.F.Wong,E.Maurer.Ionophoremediated uptake of ciprofloxacin and vincritine into large unilamellar besicles exhibiting transmemrane ion geadients[J].Biochim.Biophys.Acta.,1998,1414:188-204.
[40]P.R.Cullis,M.J.Hope,M.I.B.Bally.Influence of pH gradients on the transbilayer transport of drugs,lipid,peptides and metal ions into large unilamellar vesicles[J].Biochim.Biophys.Acta,1997,1331:187-211.
[41]S.A.Abraham,K.Edwards,G.Karlsson.An evaluation of transmembrane ion gradients -mediated encapsulation of topotecan within liposomes[J].Journal of Control Release,2004(96):44-46
[2]岱忠波,丁卓平.卵磷脂的研究概况[J].中国乳品工业,2006,34(1):48-52
[3]Kick Othmer.Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.4th edition,vol 15.1995
[4]顾霞敏.高含量大豆卵磷脂的制备工艺研究[D].杭州:浙江大学硕士论文,2006
[5]Thomas.The component fatty acids of some vegetable seed phosphatides[J]Biochem.,1942,36:815-821
[6]吉田辛司.卵磷脂、卵黄磷脂的特性及其在化妆品中的应用[J].日用化学工业译丛,1984,20(2):21-24
[7]方嘉坚,陈龙.大豆卵磷脂的提纯[J].食品科学,2000,21(3):25-28
[8]上海第一医学院.医药生物化学下册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1979,1233-1252
[9]OtlesSemih.Lecithin-Its Chemistry and Technological Prop ties[J],Olaj Szappanlozmet,1997,46(4):145-149
[10]Med,World News.15,38E(1974)
[11]崔小明.大豆磷脂的开发和应用前景[J].甘肃化工,2001(1):10-12
[12]胡兴中,徐振山.我国大豆磷脂的开发利用状况与产业发展设想[J].中国油脂,1999(3):54-56
[13]Heidlas J,Vollbrecht H R,Cully J.Process for the production of fat-and cholesterol-reduced powered products based on eggs which are characterized by a high phospholipid content[P].US:5616352,1997
[14]Hatta Hajime.Lecithin and its purification with zinc chloride from crude ethanol extract [P].Japan kokai Tokkyo Koho JP6331,794
[15]Gunther B.R.Process for isolating phosphatidylcholine free of lysophosphatidylcholine from egg powder[P].US:48570236,1989
[16]W.S.Singleton,M.S.Gray,M.L.Brown and J.L.White,Chromatographically homogeneous lecithin from egg phospholipids.JAOC S.1965,42(1):53-56
[17]LRJuneja,TYamane,Shoichi Shimizu.Enzymatic Method of Increasing Phosphatidylcholine content of lecithin.JAOCS,1989,66(5):714-717
[18]李卫,邵友元,黄光斗.色谱法分离卵磷脂[J].吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2001,22(4):69-71
[19]柳叶.氧化铝柱层析分离纯化磷脂的工艺优化[D],杭州:浙江大学硕士论文,2006
[20]王利,焦发道.大豆磷脂的改性方法及其应用[J].黑龙江八一农报,2002,14(3):80-84
[21]刘元法,王兴国.大豆磷脂的组成与特性[J].粮食与油脂,2002,(3):11-14
[22]苏望懿.磷脂改性及富集的方法[J].武汉食品工业学院学报,1997,(3):28-32
[23]张根旺,杨天奎.大豆磷脂化学改性的研究[J].中国油脂,1992(增刊),181-184
[24]李荣和.豆新加工技术原理与应用[M].北京:科学科术文献出版社,1999,40-57
[25]陈石良,许正宏,孙微等.磷脂D的研究进展[J].工业微生物,1999,29(4):47-50
[26]Waite M.The Phospholipase Plenum Press[M].New York and London,1987:467
[27]Hradec J,Dufek P.Isolation and quantitation of phosphatidycholine by reversed-phase liquid-liquid extraction[J].J.Chormatogra.B,1997,703(1-2):259-262
[28]Gabriels M,Camu F,Plaizier-Vercammen J.Improved thin-layer chromatographic method for the separation of cholesterol,egg phosphatidylcholine,and their degradation products[J].AOAC International,2002,85(6):1273-1287
[29]何新霞,郑孝华,郑海燕,等.HPLC法测定大豆磷脂中卵磷脂含量[J].食品科学,2000,21(2):57-59
[30]Vaghela M.N.,Kilara A.Quantitative Analysis of phospholipids from whey protein concentrates by high-performance liquid chromatography with a narrow-bore column and an evaporative light-scattering detector[J].JAOCS,1995,72(6):729-733
[31]Himaki O,Yutaka I,Toru O.Determination of molecular species of phosphatidylcholines as 2-anthrylurethanes by reversed-phase HPLCwith fluorescence detection and on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry[J].J.Jpn.oil Chem.Soc,1998,48(6):559-567
[32]Letter W S.Rapid method for phospholipid class separation by HPLC using an evaporative light-scattering detector[J].J.Liq.Chromoatgr,1992,15(2):253-266
[33]Caerlli A.A.,V.Brevedan M.I.,Crapiste G.H.Quantitative Determination of Phospholipids in Sunflower oil[J].JAOCS,1997,74(5):511-514
[34]施邑屏,黎燕斌.~(31)P核磁共振光谱及薄层色谱分析针剂大豆卵磷脂[J].分析化学,1991,19(7):733-736
[35]Nzai J M.Proctor Ahospholipids determination in vegetable oilby thin-layer Chromatography and imaging densitometry[J].Food chemistry,1998,63(4):571-576
[36]陈立功,张卫红,冯亚肖等.精细化学品的现代分离与分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[37]郭浩,张小里.磷脂酶D的研究进展[J].西北大学学报,2006,36(10):221-213
[38]R.Rahmani,F.Gueritte,M.Martin.Comparative pharmacokinetics of antitumor vinca alkaloids:intravenous bolus injections of navebine and related alkaloids to cancer patients and tats[J].Cancer Chenother.Pharmacol,1986(16):223-228
[39]D.B.Fenske,K.F.Wong,E.Maurer.Ionophoremediated uptake of ciprofloxacin and vincritine into large unilamellar besicles exhibiting transmemrane ion geadients[J].Biochim.Biophys.Acta.,1998,1414:188-204.
[40]P.R.Cullis,M.J.Hope,M.I.B.Bally.Influence of pH gradients on the transbilayer transport of drugs,lipid,peptides and metal ions into large unilamellar vesicles[J].Biochim.Biophys.Acta,1997,1331:187-211.
[41]S.A.Abraham,K.Edwards,G.Karlsson.An evaluation of transmembrane ion gradients -mediated encapsulation of topotecan within liposomes[J].Journal of Control Release,2004(96):44-46
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