碳酸盐岩隐蔽滩相储层特征及预测模型
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摘要
随着勘探程度的深入,碳酸盐岩勘探的重心已由构造油气藏转变为构造—岩性油气藏、岩性油气藏。受地震垂直分辨率的限制,对于储层非均质性极强的碳酸盐岩勘探,如何准确预测储层的分布已成为制约碳酸盐岩油气勘探的一个关键。本文以四川中部磨溪构造嘉陵江组嘉二气藏、龙女寺构造嘉二段和四川南部威远构造寒武系洗象池群含气层系等为例,以碳酸盐岩沉积学、储层地质学、测井地质学和旋回地层学为指导,通过精细的野外露头剖面、岩芯观察,充分利用测、录井资料,在颗粒岩准确识别的基础上,建立颗粒岩的测井解释模型,寻找颗粒岩发育层段,并阐明滩相发育、分布的主控因素和滩体的时空分布规律,指出了颗粒滩发育受古构造、古地貌、古水深、古水动力的综合控制,提出了台地内部水下古隆起是有利的滩体发育区;并进行滩相储层特征研究,指出了粒内溶孔、铸模孔和残余粒间孔和溶扩粒间孔是滩相储层的主要储集空间,不同孔隙类型储层具有不同的孔喉特征和孔渗特征;在储层成岩作用研究的基础上,探寻滩控型储层成因机理,指出了早期岩溶和原生粒间孔保存是滩相储层的主要成因;提出了沉积期地貌恢复是隐蔽滩相储层预测的行之有效的方法之一;通过该方法指导下的储层预测成果,在磨溪嘉二气田后续的12口开发井中优质储层验证率达到100%;同时,最近在威远构造钻遇寒武系洗象池群的新探井也证实了该地质模型的正确性。
The interest of carbonate exploration activity have been changed from structural hydrocarbon reservoir to structural-lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir and lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir with the depth degree of exploration.Limited by the seismic scale resolution,how to forecast the distribution of reservoir by rule and line is a pivotal condition of the strong reservoir heterogeneity carbonate exploration activity. This thesis takes examples for the T_1j~2 gas reservoir of Moxi Structure and T_1j~2 of Longnvsi Structure of the middle of Sichuan basin and the Cambrian Xixiangchi Group gas-bearing bed of Weiyuan Structure of the south Sichuan.It is under the direction of Carbonate Sedimentology,Reservoir Geology,Logging Geology,and Cycle Stratigraphy.Through the elaborate field exposed profile and core observations,using the log data sufficiently,base on the veracious identification of grainstone,the log interpretation model of grainstone has been constituted and the development interval has been searched in this thesis.The master control element of the development and distribution of the carbonate shoal facies in the space-time rule have been elucidated.The development of carbonate shoal which is controlled synthetically by the palaeostructure,palaeogeomorphology,palaeobathymetry and palaeohydrodynamic has been shown.It suggests that the submarine palaeohigh within the platform is the advantaged development area of carbonate shoal.Studying the characteristics of carbonate shoal reservoir,the intragrannlar,moldic,residual intergrannlar and solution-enlargment intergrannlar pores which are the main reservoir space of shoal reservoir have been shown.It believes that the reservoir of different pore types has the different pore-throat and poroperm characteristics.Base on the study of reservoir diagenesis,researching the genetic mechanism of shoal-controlling reservoir,the early karstification and primary intergrannlar pores preservation which are the main genetic type of carbonate shoal reservoir have been shown.And it suggests that rebuilding physiognomy in the depositional stage is one of the effective methods to forecast the concealed shoal reservoir.Under the direction of this method,the fine reservoir certification rate of the sequent 12 development wells of T_1j~2 gas reservoir of Moxi Structure achieves 100%.At the same time,the validity of this geological model had been approved by the new wells penetrated Cambrian Xixiangchi Group of Weiyuan Structure.
The interest of carbonate exploration activity have been changed from structural hydrocarbon reservoir to structural-lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir and lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir with the depth degree of exploration.Limited by the seismic scale resolution,how to forecast the distribution of reservoir by rule and line is a pivotal condition of the strong reservoir heterogeneity carbonate exploration activity. This thesis takes examples for the T_1j~2 gas reservoir of Moxi Structure and T_1j~2 of Longnvsi Structure of the middle of Sichuan basin and the Cambrian Xixiangchi Group gas-bearing bed of Weiyuan Structure of the south Sichuan.It is under the direction of Carbonate Sedimentology,Reservoir Geology,Logging Geology,and Cycle Stratigraphy.Through the elaborate field exposed profile and core observations,using the log data sufficiently,base on the veracious identification of grainstone,the log interpretation model of grainstone has been constituted and the development interval has been searched in this thesis.The master control element of the development and distribution of the carbonate shoal facies in the space-time rule have been elucidated.The development of carbonate shoal which is controlled synthetically by the palaeostructure,palaeogeomorphology,palaeobathymetry and palaeohydrodynamic has been shown.It suggests that the submarine palaeohigh within the platform is the advantaged development area of carbonate shoal.Studying the characteristics of carbonate shoal reservoir,the intragrannlar,moldic,residual intergrannlar and solution-enlargment intergrannlar pores which are the main reservoir space of shoal reservoir have been shown.It believes that the reservoir of different pore types has the different pore-throat and poroperm characteristics.Base on the study of reservoir diagenesis,researching the genetic mechanism of shoal-controlling reservoir,the early karstification and primary intergrannlar pores preservation which are the main genetic type of carbonate shoal reservoir have been shown.And it suggests that rebuilding physiognomy in the depositional stage is one of the effective methods to forecast the concealed shoal reservoir.Under the direction of this method,the fine reservoir certification rate of the sequent 12 development wells of T_1j~2 gas reservoir of Moxi Structure achieves 100%.At the same time,the validity of this geological model had been approved by the new wells penetrated Cambrian Xixiangchi Group of Weiyuan Structure.
引文
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