树脂基碳毡复合层力阻特性的细观统计建模研究
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摘要
基于国家自然科学基金项目“核安全壳应力监测的复合敏感层传感机理及成像”,围绕碳毡复合层的力学传感特性,开展了不同尺度下碳毡复合层的力阻效应及其机理等研究工作。研究内容包括碳纤维毡复合层分别在手糊成型工艺和真空袋压成型工艺下的宏观力阻特性、碳纤维单丝在不同表面改性方式下的力阻效应、基于随机高阶电阻网络的碳毡复合层的统计建模及其应用等工作。主要获得了以下几个方面的研究成果：
(1)通过系列实验得到了碳毡复合层分别在手糊工艺和真空袋压工艺下其力阻特性及灵敏度上的力阻响应规律,结果表明手糊成型工艺下碳毡复合层具有高灵敏度但稳定性欠缺,真空袋压工艺下碳毡复合层高稳定性但灵敏度较低的传感特征,发现并分析了影响复合层力阻效应的实质在于纤维单丝自身的力阻特性、纤维搭接处电阻的变化以及碳毡无规导电网络受载下的响应。
(2)表面改性对碳纤维单丝的力阻传感特性有所作用。硝酸液相氧化4h可使得碳单丝灵敏系数和线性度达到最优,经丙酮表面处理后其灵敏系数以及线性度有较为显著的提高。
(3)同一外载荷在纤维方向产生的应变对碳纤维单丝电阻变化率的作用强于垂直纤维方向上的应变对电阻变化率的作用,且两者力阻效应反向。得到了外载荷作用下碳纤维单丝电阻变化率与偏轴拉伸角度间的非线性关系,62°拉伸偏转角为正负力阻效应的临界角度。
(4)建立了N×N阶电阻网络计算模型,结合碳毡导电机理的研究背景对此模型进行了改进,并通过自设计程序予以实现大规模计算,通过多组不同阶数下精密电阻随机组网的统计实验,在置信度为95%下验证了模型和算法的可靠性和高精确度。
(5)捕捉到了碳纤维单丝接触处的电阻响应在不同受载阶段下的实验现象,分析发现纤维搭接处受到外加载荷在尚未破坏前,搭接处的电阻表现为接触电阻,压应变增大接触电阻表现出同步线性减小,压应变减小接触电阻同步线性地增大。当外载荷超过阂值后接触处发生破坏,搭接处纤维间的相对位置发生微弱改变,原接触电阻表现为由隧道效应产生的非接触电阻,阻值急剧增大且随外载同步变化。
(6)基于N×N阶电阻网络计算模型,建立由改性后碳纤维单丝拼构形成的纤维网络单元,通过图像处理技术获得了计算模型的中各阻值,结果表明计算所得网络初始电阻与实测阻值较为接近,且所建网络模型能较好地体现碳毡复合层的力阻传感特性。
(7)微米尺度下进行碳毡复合层的细观统计建模,得到碳毡内平均搭接长度为12.2μm等重要网络参数。基于随机电阻网络模型分别估测了不同尺寸的碳毡复合层的初始电阻,估测均值较为接近相应实测值,首次通过该模型对碳毡复合层的力阻特性进行了描述,结果表明本文所建电阻网络模型可用于定量地表征碳毡复合层受外载时体现出的力阻特性。
The dissertation was supported by the project of National Science Foundation "The mechanism of compound sensitive surface and imaging method of stress monitoring for nuclear safety shells". With aiming at the loading-resistance sensing character of carbon fiber layer with resin-matrix, the research with macro-scale and micro-scale on the functional properties and its mechanism of the polymer-matrix carbon fiber layer was carried out. The study includes carbon fiber layer loading sensitivity under different manufacturing technologies, loading sensitivity's varaiance with diffenet carbon fiber surface's modification, the statistical modeling to the carbon fiber layer based on random resistor network. The following conclusions and innovation can be obtained:
Firstly, with analysis to the gauge factor of sensing character, carbon fiber layer with manual molding lechnology has high gauge factor and lower stablility to its resistance changing, ther layer with vacuum pressure process has excellent stablility but lower gauge factor.
Secondly, The interface properties of carbon fiber within the composite material has a great effect to its functional characteristics. The work is focused on the research of CF electro-mechanical response after its surface modification using acetone and nitric acid oxidation. With characterization by XPS and SEM, there exist the various changes on the CF surface not only the chemical elements or chemical groups. With changing CF's resistance under uniaxial tension, the CF has differerent electro-mechanical response to loading force. Through statistical analysis, the research shows the sensibility of CF to the electro-mechanical effect can be improved by the surface modification with acetone process or nitric acid oxidization.
Thirdly, The electro-mechanical response of single carbon fiber under off-axis tension is focused on in this wok in micrometer scale. The resistance of CF was tested under off-axis tension. The experimental result indicates that CF resistance change under different angle's off-axis tension varies nonlinearly. Strain parallel to CF orientation increases resistance of CF, more effective than strain perpendicular to CF does. The angle 62°between CF orientation and loading direction is the critical value for positive and negative electro-mechanical response.
The fourth, with modified N×N random resistor network, the modeling to the carbon fiber layer is studied. With concise resistor network,the accuracy and reliability of program to the modified N×N random resistor network is validated.
The fifth, touch resistance with two adjacent fibers has different corresponding style to the loading within different loading procedure. Touch resistnce gets lower when loading increases and becomes much higer after the touch spot is broken.
The sixth, with modified N×N random resistor network, the loading resistance corresponding character of carbon fiber layer formed by singer filament can be explained soundly.
Finally, the statistical modeling to the carbon fiber layer under micrometer-scale is established with 12.2μm average length of fiber touching segment. The resistances of carbon fiber layer with different dimensions are estimated with in accordance to the measuring value. The model can be used to de-couple the loading resistance character of carbon fiber layer.
(1)通过系列实验得到了碳毡复合层分别在手糊工艺和真空袋压工艺下其力阻特性及灵敏度上的力阻响应规律,结果表明手糊成型工艺下碳毡复合层具有高灵敏度但稳定性欠缺,真空袋压工艺下碳毡复合层高稳定性但灵敏度较低的传感特征,发现并分析了影响复合层力阻效应的实质在于纤维单丝自身的力阻特性、纤维搭接处电阻的变化以及碳毡无规导电网络受载下的响应。
(2)表面改性对碳纤维单丝的力阻传感特性有所作用。硝酸液相氧化4h可使得碳单丝灵敏系数和线性度达到最优,经丙酮表面处理后其灵敏系数以及线性度有较为显著的提高。
(3)同一外载荷在纤维方向产生的应变对碳纤维单丝电阻变化率的作用强于垂直纤维方向上的应变对电阻变化率的作用,且两者力阻效应反向。得到了外载荷作用下碳纤维单丝电阻变化率与偏轴拉伸角度间的非线性关系,62°拉伸偏转角为正负力阻效应的临界角度。
(4)建立了N×N阶电阻网络计算模型,结合碳毡导电机理的研究背景对此模型进行了改进,并通过自设计程序予以实现大规模计算,通过多组不同阶数下精密电阻随机组网的统计实验,在置信度为95%下验证了模型和算法的可靠性和高精确度。
(5)捕捉到了碳纤维单丝接触处的电阻响应在不同受载阶段下的实验现象,分析发现纤维搭接处受到外加载荷在尚未破坏前,搭接处的电阻表现为接触电阻,压应变增大接触电阻表现出同步线性减小,压应变减小接触电阻同步线性地增大。当外载荷超过阂值后接触处发生破坏,搭接处纤维间的相对位置发生微弱改变,原接触电阻表现为由隧道效应产生的非接触电阻,阻值急剧增大且随外载同步变化。
(6)基于N×N阶电阻网络计算模型,建立由改性后碳纤维单丝拼构形成的纤维网络单元,通过图像处理技术获得了计算模型的中各阻值,结果表明计算所得网络初始电阻与实测阻值较为接近,且所建网络模型能较好地体现碳毡复合层的力阻传感特性。
(7)微米尺度下进行碳毡复合层的细观统计建模,得到碳毡内平均搭接长度为12.2μm等重要网络参数。基于随机电阻网络模型分别估测了不同尺寸的碳毡复合层的初始电阻,估测均值较为接近相应实测值,首次通过该模型对碳毡复合层的力阻特性进行了描述,结果表明本文所建电阻网络模型可用于定量地表征碳毡复合层受外载时体现出的力阻特性。
The dissertation was supported by the project of National Science Foundation "The mechanism of compound sensitive surface and imaging method of stress monitoring for nuclear safety shells". With aiming at the loading-resistance sensing character of carbon fiber layer with resin-matrix, the research with macro-scale and micro-scale on the functional properties and its mechanism of the polymer-matrix carbon fiber layer was carried out. The study includes carbon fiber layer loading sensitivity under different manufacturing technologies, loading sensitivity's varaiance with diffenet carbon fiber surface's modification, the statistical modeling to the carbon fiber layer based on random resistor network. The following conclusions and innovation can be obtained:
Firstly, with analysis to the gauge factor of sensing character, carbon fiber layer with manual molding lechnology has high gauge factor and lower stablility to its resistance changing, ther layer with vacuum pressure process has excellent stablility but lower gauge factor.
Secondly, The interface properties of carbon fiber within the composite material has a great effect to its functional characteristics. The work is focused on the research of CF electro-mechanical response after its surface modification using acetone and nitric acid oxidation. With characterization by XPS and SEM, there exist the various changes on the CF surface not only the chemical elements or chemical groups. With changing CF's resistance under uniaxial tension, the CF has differerent electro-mechanical response to loading force. Through statistical analysis, the research shows the sensibility of CF to the electro-mechanical effect can be improved by the surface modification with acetone process or nitric acid oxidization.
Thirdly, The electro-mechanical response of single carbon fiber under off-axis tension is focused on in this wok in micrometer scale. The resistance of CF was tested under off-axis tension. The experimental result indicates that CF resistance change under different angle's off-axis tension varies nonlinearly. Strain parallel to CF orientation increases resistance of CF, more effective than strain perpendicular to CF does. The angle 62°between CF orientation and loading direction is the critical value for positive and negative electro-mechanical response.
The fourth, with modified N×N random resistor network, the modeling to the carbon fiber layer is studied. With concise resistor network,the accuracy and reliability of program to the modified N×N random resistor network is validated.
The fifth, touch resistance with two adjacent fibers has different corresponding style to the loading within different loading procedure. Touch resistnce gets lower when loading increases and becomes much higer after the touch spot is broken.
The sixth, with modified N×N random resistor network, the loading resistance corresponding character of carbon fiber layer formed by singer filament can be explained soundly.
Finally, the statistical modeling to the carbon fiber layer under micrometer-scale is established with 12.2μm average length of fiber touching segment. The resistances of carbon fiber layer with different dimensions are estimated with in accordance to the measuring value. The model can be used to de-couple the loading resistance character of carbon fiber layer.
引文
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