添加植物碳源对多级复合垂直流人工湿地氮、磷去除能力的影响
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摘要
随着近年来我国农村经济的快速发展,农村面源污染已对受纳水体构成了严重的威胁。在江西省鄱阳湖区,农村面源污染对湖体水质造成的危害显然与鄱阳湖区的生态经济发展战略相悖。在鄱阳湖区农村面源污染控制方面,人工湿地技术是有效的控制手段,但人工湿地在运行中经常出现由于碳源不足而抑制湿地对污染物净化能力的现象,因此从节省运行费用角度从廉价易得、环境友好的植物秸秆(茭白和芦苇)中筛选最佳植物碳源向多级复合垂直流人工湿地中投加用来提高人工湿地污染物净化能力。本研究主要分为植物碳源的筛选和其对多级复合垂直流人工湿地净化污染物能力的影响。实验结果：
(1)茭白秸秆中碳、氮元素的质量分数分别为18.09%和0.339%,芦苇秸秆中碳、氮元素的质量分数分别为33.13%和1.311%,两种秸秆中所含碳元素是可释放的并可作为人工湿地的有效碳源。
(2)在80d植物秸秆静态释放实验中发现芦苇秸秆中碳元素释放曲线较平缓,是较好的持久植物碳源材料。
(3)通过实验对比,芦苇秸秆相较茭白秸秆更适合用作人工湿地的植物碳源,且添加量为1.0kg/m2时最佳。
(4)将1.0kg/m2的芦苇秸秆添加至多级复合垂直流人工湿地中,发现①系统出水COD浓度稳定,COD的去除率稳定在90%左右。②系统对N03--N的去除率从76.67%提高到了94.7%,植物碳源的添加有效地促进了系统内微生物的反硝化反应,提高了系统将N从湿地中彻底脱除的能力。③对系统净化NH3-N的能力影响较小,去除率仅从添加碳源前的81%提高到85.5%。④植物碳源添加后缓解了系统内NO2--N的积累状况,也促进了N素从湿地中的彻底去除。⑤植物碳源的添加有效的将TN去除率从66.85%提高到了86.13%,进一步验证了植物碳源在提高湿地脱氮能力的可行性及有效性。⑥对系统的除磷能力有正面促进作用,因系统里碳源量的增加促进微生物的生长,从而提高微生物对P素的吸收及转化,促进了PH3气体的释放。
With the rapid development of Chinese rural economy in recent years, the rural non-point source pollution (NPS pollution) gradually becomes a serious threat to the receiving water bodies. In Poyang Lake region in Jiangxi, the harm to the lake water quality which caused by the rural NPS pollution is against the ecological&economic development strategy in Poyang Lake region. The constructed wetland technology is effective means of controlling the rural NPS pollution in Poyang Lake region. In constructed wetlands, regularity the lake of carbon source restrains the ability of removal contaminates. To saving operating costs, a best carbon source is chose from the cheap and easy, environmentally friendly plant (water bamboo and reeds) straws. The best carbon source is added to the multi integrated vertical flow constructed wetland (MIVFCW) to improve its capacity of removal contaminates. This study has two parts, a choosing of plant carbon source and the effect on the ability of removal contaminates to the MIVFCW. These results are got:
(1)The water bamboo straws C and N take18.09%and0.339%respectively in weight. The reeds straws C and N take33.13%and1.311%respectively in weight. And the C in these two straws can be released and used as availability carbon source in constructed wetland.
(2)In the plant straws static release experimental for80days, we find that the C release curve of the reeds straws is relatively flat. And the reeds straws should be the better permanence plant carbon source materials.
(3)By the comparison in small constructed wetlands, the better kind and adding weight are confirmed, that is the reeds straws at1.0kg/m2adding weight.
(4)After adding the reeds straws at1.0kg/m2adding weight to the MIVFCW, we can find those:①COD of the effluent water from the MIVFCW is stable, and the removal rate of COD is maintained at about90%.②It improves the removal rate of NO3--N from76.67%to94.7%. It advances the microorganism's denitrification reaction, and enhances the capacity of removal N from MIVFCW radically.③It has less effect on the capacity of removal NH3-N from MIVFCW, only improves the removal rate of NH3-N from81%to85.5%.④It can remission accumulation of NO2--N, and enhances the capacity of removal N from MIVFCW radically too.⑤It has a positive role in promoting P removal capacity of the system. Because the carbon source amount promotes the growth of microorganisms, the absorption and transformation of the microorganisms of P is improved, then the release of PH3is promoted.
(1)茭白秸秆中碳、氮元素的质量分数分别为18.09%和0.339%,芦苇秸秆中碳、氮元素的质量分数分别为33.13%和1.311%,两种秸秆中所含碳元素是可释放的并可作为人工湿地的有效碳源。
(2)在80d植物秸秆静态释放实验中发现芦苇秸秆中碳元素释放曲线较平缓,是较好的持久植物碳源材料。
(3)通过实验对比,芦苇秸秆相较茭白秸秆更适合用作人工湿地的植物碳源,且添加量为1.0kg/m2时最佳。
(4)将1.0kg/m2的芦苇秸秆添加至多级复合垂直流人工湿地中,发现①系统出水COD浓度稳定,COD的去除率稳定在90%左右。②系统对N03--N的去除率从76.67%提高到了94.7%,植物碳源的添加有效地促进了系统内微生物的反硝化反应,提高了系统将N从湿地中彻底脱除的能力。③对系统净化NH3-N的能力影响较小,去除率仅从添加碳源前的81%提高到85.5%。④植物碳源添加后缓解了系统内NO2--N的积累状况,也促进了N素从湿地中的彻底去除。⑤植物碳源的添加有效的将TN去除率从66.85%提高到了86.13%,进一步验证了植物碳源在提高湿地脱氮能力的可行性及有效性。⑥对系统的除磷能力有正面促进作用,因系统里碳源量的增加促进微生物的生长,从而提高微生物对P素的吸收及转化,促进了PH3气体的释放。
With the rapid development of Chinese rural economy in recent years, the rural non-point source pollution (NPS pollution) gradually becomes a serious threat to the receiving water bodies. In Poyang Lake region in Jiangxi, the harm to the lake water quality which caused by the rural NPS pollution is against the ecological&economic development strategy in Poyang Lake region. The constructed wetland technology is effective means of controlling the rural NPS pollution in Poyang Lake region. In constructed wetlands, regularity the lake of carbon source restrains the ability of removal contaminates. To saving operating costs, a best carbon source is chose from the cheap and easy, environmentally friendly plant (water bamboo and reeds) straws. The best carbon source is added to the multi integrated vertical flow constructed wetland (MIVFCW) to improve its capacity of removal contaminates. This study has two parts, a choosing of plant carbon source and the effect on the ability of removal contaminates to the MIVFCW. These results are got:
(1)The water bamboo straws C and N take18.09%and0.339%respectively in weight. The reeds straws C and N take33.13%and1.311%respectively in weight. And the C in these two straws can be released and used as availability carbon source in constructed wetland.
(2)In the plant straws static release experimental for80days, we find that the C release curve of the reeds straws is relatively flat. And the reeds straws should be the better permanence plant carbon source materials.
(3)By the comparison in small constructed wetlands, the better kind and adding weight are confirmed, that is the reeds straws at1.0kg/m2adding weight.
(4)After adding the reeds straws at1.0kg/m2adding weight to the MIVFCW, we can find those:①COD of the effluent water from the MIVFCW is stable, and the removal rate of COD is maintained at about90%.②It improves the removal rate of NO3--N from76.67%to94.7%. It advances the microorganism's denitrification reaction, and enhances the capacity of removal N from MIVFCW radically.③It has less effect on the capacity of removal NH3-N from MIVFCW, only improves the removal rate of NH3-N from81%to85.5%.④It can remission accumulation of NO2--N, and enhances the capacity of removal N from MIVFCW radically too.⑤It has a positive role in promoting P removal capacity of the system. Because the carbon source amount promotes the growth of microorganisms, the absorption and transformation of the microorganisms of P is improved, then the release of PH3is promoted.
引文
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