镁盐晶须/塑料复合材料的力学性能研究
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摘要
镁盐晶须是近几年发展起来的新型无机功能材料,通常将其作为阻燃剂添加到塑料中,提高有机高分子材料的阻燃和力学性能。目前,镁盐晶须/塑料基复合材料的应用研究较多,但镁盐晶须在塑料基复合材料中的作用机理研究较少。为此,本论文对镁盐晶须改性塑料作用机理进行了研究并得出相应结论。
本文选用碱式硫酸镁晶须和氢氧化镁晶须为塑料添加剂,采用硬脂酸盐化学改性和十二烷基磺酸钠微乳液聚合改性两种方法改性上述两种镁盐晶须,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X光电子能谱仪和傅里叶红外变换光谱仪(FT-IR)分别对改性前后晶须的表面形貌、元素组成、电子结合能和官能团的构成进行分析,采用活化指数来表征晶须的改性效果。结果表明,改性后的晶须表面粗糙甚至有黏结的现象;晶须表面的Mg、O元素的1s层电子结合能比改性前有所降低,镁、氧离子间的键合形式发生变化,产生配合作用。改性后的晶须表面有C元素、改性剂分子特征峰和共聚物吸收峰,证实晶须表面键合了改性剂分子或共聚物膜层。在综合各种检测分析研究的基础上,本文首次建立了不同改性剂处理的镁盐晶须表面结构模型。两种改性方法处理的镁盐晶须活化指数都达到84%以上。
改性前后的镁盐晶须分别与聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)和ABS塑料进行混炼,制备出不同晶须添加量的复合材料,利用WDW-50E型电子式万能试验机、悬臂梁冲击试验机检测复合材料的力学性能,扫描电子显微镜观察分析复合材料断口处相界面形貌,傅里叶红外变换光谱仪(FT-IR)分析检测改性后镁盐晶须与塑料基体的结合方式,进而研究晶须对塑料基体的作用机理。结果表明:在复合材料中,改性前后的镁盐晶须与塑料基体间都没有化学键生成;未改性的晶须在外力作用下更易于滑脱而被拔出,材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率有所降低;硬脂酸盐改性后的晶须能与基体发生物理交缠,材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率较未改性的高,强度较好;微乳液共聚改性晶须能够在外力作用下发生一定偏转,取向无规则,材料的冲击强度稍高于另外两种,韧性较好。
Magnesium salt whisker, a new kind of inorganic functional material, has been gradually developed in recent years. At present, there are many reports about the application of magnesium salt whisker composites, but the action mechanism of magnesium salt whisker in plastic still needs to be discussed and studied. So, it was studied in this paper and the corresponding conclusions were drawn at last.
Magnesium oxidesulfate whisker (MOS) and magnesium hydroxide whisker (MH), chose from magnesium salt whisker in this paper, were modified by stearate and copolymerization in the micro-latex of sodium dodecylsulphate. SEM, X Photoelectron Spectroscopy and FT-IR were used to analyze the morphology, elements, binding energy and functional groups of whisker surface, respectively, and modification effect was characterized by activation index. The results showed that, the whisker surface was rough and there was some bonding phenomenon on it. After modification the binding energy of Mg ,O elements was lower than the one before modification. The bond form between Mg, O elements had been changed and mating reaction may take place. The fact, that there were modifiers or copolymer layer on whisker surface after modification, was further confirmed by FT-IR analysis. On the basis of various testing and analysis, the models of surface structure were established firsrly. The activation index of whiskers after modification was higher than 84%.
Add whiskers into polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and ABS matrix, respectively, prepare different kinds of composites. WDW-50E electronic universal testing machine and izod impact testing machine were used to test the mechanical properties of composites, SEM was analyzed the interfacial morphology and studied the action mechanism of whiskers in plastic matrix. The results showed that, there was not chemical bond between whiskers and matrix in composites. Under external force, the unmodified whisker was apt to be pulled out from matrix, the tensile strength and elongation at break of composites were lower. After modification by stearate, whiskers could be entangled with matrix, the mechanical performances were better, the intensity was also improved. Whisker deflection could be occurred under external force in copolymerization composite and the orientation of whiskers was random. The structure, which is made up of rigid whiskers and flexible copolymer, was capable of absorbing more energy, so the impact strength of composites was higher, the toughness was better.
本文选用碱式硫酸镁晶须和氢氧化镁晶须为塑料添加剂,采用硬脂酸盐化学改性和十二烷基磺酸钠微乳液聚合改性两种方法改性上述两种镁盐晶须,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X光电子能谱仪和傅里叶红外变换光谱仪(FT-IR)分别对改性前后晶须的表面形貌、元素组成、电子结合能和官能团的构成进行分析,采用活化指数来表征晶须的改性效果。结果表明,改性后的晶须表面粗糙甚至有黏结的现象;晶须表面的Mg、O元素的1s层电子结合能比改性前有所降低,镁、氧离子间的键合形式发生变化,产生配合作用。改性后的晶须表面有C元素、改性剂分子特征峰和共聚物吸收峰,证实晶须表面键合了改性剂分子或共聚物膜层。在综合各种检测分析研究的基础上,本文首次建立了不同改性剂处理的镁盐晶须表面结构模型。两种改性方法处理的镁盐晶须活化指数都达到84%以上。
改性前后的镁盐晶须分别与聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)和ABS塑料进行混炼,制备出不同晶须添加量的复合材料,利用WDW-50E型电子式万能试验机、悬臂梁冲击试验机检测复合材料的力学性能,扫描电子显微镜观察分析复合材料断口处相界面形貌,傅里叶红外变换光谱仪(FT-IR)分析检测改性后镁盐晶须与塑料基体的结合方式,进而研究晶须对塑料基体的作用机理。结果表明:在复合材料中,改性前后的镁盐晶须与塑料基体间都没有化学键生成;未改性的晶须在外力作用下更易于滑脱而被拔出,材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率有所降低;硬脂酸盐改性后的晶须能与基体发生物理交缠,材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率较未改性的高,强度较好;微乳液共聚改性晶须能够在外力作用下发生一定偏转,取向无规则,材料的冲击强度稍高于另外两种,韧性较好。
Magnesium salt whisker, a new kind of inorganic functional material, has been gradually developed in recent years. At present, there are many reports about the application of magnesium salt whisker composites, but the action mechanism of magnesium salt whisker in plastic still needs to be discussed and studied. So, it was studied in this paper and the corresponding conclusions were drawn at last.
Magnesium oxidesulfate whisker (MOS) and magnesium hydroxide whisker (MH), chose from magnesium salt whisker in this paper, were modified by stearate and copolymerization in the micro-latex of sodium dodecylsulphate. SEM, X Photoelectron Spectroscopy and FT-IR were used to analyze the morphology, elements, binding energy and functional groups of whisker surface, respectively, and modification effect was characterized by activation index. The results showed that, the whisker surface was rough and there was some bonding phenomenon on it. After modification the binding energy of Mg ,O elements was lower than the one before modification. The bond form between Mg, O elements had been changed and mating reaction may take place. The fact, that there were modifiers or copolymer layer on whisker surface after modification, was further confirmed by FT-IR analysis. On the basis of various testing and analysis, the models of surface structure were established firsrly. The activation index of whiskers after modification was higher than 84%.
Add whiskers into polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and ABS matrix, respectively, prepare different kinds of composites. WDW-50E electronic universal testing machine and izod impact testing machine were used to test the mechanical properties of composites, SEM was analyzed the interfacial morphology and studied the action mechanism of whiskers in plastic matrix. The results showed that, there was not chemical bond between whiskers and matrix in composites. Under external force, the unmodified whisker was apt to be pulled out from matrix, the tensile strength and elongation at break of composites were lower. After modification by stearate, whiskers could be entangled with matrix, the mechanical performances were better, the intensity was also improved. Whisker deflection could be occurred under external force in copolymerization composite and the orientation of whiskers was random. The structure, which is made up of rigid whiskers and flexible copolymer, was capable of absorbing more energy, so the impact strength of composites was higher, the toughness was better.
引文
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