筒型基础负压沉贯渗流分析模型
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摘要
筒型基础类似于具有裙板的重力式基础。其工作机理和结构特点与吸力桩相同。它是一种新型的海上结构设施,与传统的桩结构相比,具有承载能力大、安装简便、应用范围广等特点,因而越来越受到海洋工程界的广泛重视。筒型基础施工时依靠抽水泵的吸力在筒内形成负压,因而在筒基周围及其内部的土体中形成渗流场,对渗流场进行研究是研究筒型基础一切问题的基础。本文主要目的是建立适合筒型基础沉贯应用的渗流场求解方法。
根据近年来的研究资料和研究成果,通过分析海底软土的成分及微观结构、土颗粒的变形特性以及海底土的孔隙特征,对土颗粒的种类和海底土的孔隙进行了分类,在分析海底土受渗流力作用时,对孔隙的变化特征和孔隙大小的改变情况进行了剖析。
将渗流力作用下的土体应变分为两部分:一部分为土颗粒自身变形而引起的土体体积拟应变,另一部分为土体骨架几何变形而引起的土体体积应变。本文以一种全新的方式将J_2流动理论以及离散元思想应用到土体本构关系模型中:利用J_2流动理论各向同性硬化原理,建立土颗粒变形的本构关系模型;利用离散元思想建立土骨架变形的本构关系模型。并将这两种模型结合,得到土体的本构关系模型。
将土体物性参数动态模型引入筒型基础沉贯过程中,改变了传统计算中沉贯过程不考虑物性参数变化的缺陷。从物性参数的基本定义出发,将以离散元理论计算土体骨架产生的体积应变、J_2流动理论计算土颗粒体积拟应变,以及这两个体积应变之和作为土体瞬时应变量,构建土体物性参数动态变化模型。
针对筒型基础特殊的结构形式以及筒内土体的应力变化情况,建立适合筒型基础应用的有效应力原理。由于沉贯阻力公式是应力方程的主要参数,本文重新研究了筒型基础的沉贯阻力公式,在考虑了渗流软化对阻力的影响的基础上,对沉贯阻力公式进行了修正。
根据质量守恒定律和渗流运动方程,建立适合筒基沉贯应用的渗流方程,与应力方程一起组成了流固耦合渗流数学模型,并给出上述模型的定解条件,并利用模型进行了实例计算,检验了模型的可用性和有效性。
The bucket foundation seems a gravity foundation with skirts, whose working mechanics and structure characters are similar to suction pile. Bucket foundations are a relatively new type of foundation used to support offshore structures. Comparing with traditional pile structure, bucket foundation has some special advantages such as bearing capacity, construction convenience and wide usage, so more attention is paid to bucket foundation in ocean engineering. The foundation can penetrate into sea bottom when pumping water out of the foundation chamber while the formation of seepage flow field inside soils around buckets. Therefore, the study on seepage flow is the basic problem for bucket foundation. This paper is concerned with the setup of calculation model of seepage flow field.
According to research materials and results, the components of sub-sea soft soil, micro-structure of soil particle, the characteristic of soil deformation and porosity property are analyzed to study the porosity property, category the porosity of sub-sea soil, and to acquire the changes of porosity property during the action of seepage forces.
The strain of soil acted by seepage forces is divided into the volumetric strain of soil particle caused by self-deformation and soil volumetric strain caused by geometric deformation of soil skeleton. In this dissertation, J_2 flow theory and discrete element method are put into setup of soil constitutive relationship model. Firstly, the isotropic hardening principle in J_2 flow theory is used into the constitutive relationship model of soil particle deformation. Secondly, discrete element method principle is used into the constitutive relationship model of soil skeleton deformation. Lastly, the two constitutive models are put together into constitutive relationship of total deformation.
The physical parameter of soil dynamic model put into the description of bucket foundation during suction penetration improves the traditional calculation method. According to the definition of physical parameter, the volumetric strain of soil skeleton calculated by discrete element method, volumetric strain of soil particle calculated by J_2 flow theory, and the sum of two volumetric strains are set as the soil instant strain for setting up the dynamic variables of soil physical parameter.
According to the structure style of bucket foundation and soil stress change around the buckets, effective stress principle is modified for usage of bucket foundation. The penetration resistance formula of bucket foundation is studied again in the paper and influence on resistance caused by soil seepage softening is analyzed, for the formula is the main part of stress equations. So the penetration resistance formula is modified by considering the influence of soil soften caused by seepage to resistance.
At last, solid-fluid coupling seepage mathematical model for suction penetration of bucket foundation is formed with stress equation and seepage equation formulated by conservation of mass and seepage motion equation and the solution conditions are given for the seepage model. At last, effectiveness and utilization of the given models are tested by some calculating examples.
根据近年来的研究资料和研究成果,通过分析海底软土的成分及微观结构、土颗粒的变形特性以及海底土的孔隙特征,对土颗粒的种类和海底土的孔隙进行了分类,在分析海底土受渗流力作用时,对孔隙的变化特征和孔隙大小的改变情况进行了剖析。
将渗流力作用下的土体应变分为两部分:一部分为土颗粒自身变形而引起的土体体积拟应变,另一部分为土体骨架几何变形而引起的土体体积应变。本文以一种全新的方式将J_2流动理论以及离散元思想应用到土体本构关系模型中:利用J_2流动理论各向同性硬化原理,建立土颗粒变形的本构关系模型;利用离散元思想建立土骨架变形的本构关系模型。并将这两种模型结合,得到土体的本构关系模型。
将土体物性参数动态模型引入筒型基础沉贯过程中,改变了传统计算中沉贯过程不考虑物性参数变化的缺陷。从物性参数的基本定义出发,将以离散元理论计算土体骨架产生的体积应变、J_2流动理论计算土颗粒体积拟应变,以及这两个体积应变之和作为土体瞬时应变量,构建土体物性参数动态变化模型。
针对筒型基础特殊的结构形式以及筒内土体的应力变化情况,建立适合筒型基础应用的有效应力原理。由于沉贯阻力公式是应力方程的主要参数,本文重新研究了筒型基础的沉贯阻力公式,在考虑了渗流软化对阻力的影响的基础上,对沉贯阻力公式进行了修正。
根据质量守恒定律和渗流运动方程,建立适合筒基沉贯应用的渗流方程,与应力方程一起组成了流固耦合渗流数学模型,并给出上述模型的定解条件,并利用模型进行了实例计算,检验了模型的可用性和有效性。
The bucket foundation seems a gravity foundation with skirts, whose working mechanics and structure characters are similar to suction pile. Bucket foundations are a relatively new type of foundation used to support offshore structures. Comparing with traditional pile structure, bucket foundation has some special advantages such as bearing capacity, construction convenience and wide usage, so more attention is paid to bucket foundation in ocean engineering. The foundation can penetrate into sea bottom when pumping water out of the foundation chamber while the formation of seepage flow field inside soils around buckets. Therefore, the study on seepage flow is the basic problem for bucket foundation. This paper is concerned with the setup of calculation model of seepage flow field.
According to research materials and results, the components of sub-sea soft soil, micro-structure of soil particle, the characteristic of soil deformation and porosity property are analyzed to study the porosity property, category the porosity of sub-sea soil, and to acquire the changes of porosity property during the action of seepage forces.
The strain of soil acted by seepage forces is divided into the volumetric strain of soil particle caused by self-deformation and soil volumetric strain caused by geometric deformation of soil skeleton. In this dissertation, J_2 flow theory and discrete element method are put into setup of soil constitutive relationship model. Firstly, the isotropic hardening principle in J_2 flow theory is used into the constitutive relationship model of soil particle deformation. Secondly, discrete element method principle is used into the constitutive relationship model of soil skeleton deformation. Lastly, the two constitutive models are put together into constitutive relationship of total deformation.
The physical parameter of soil dynamic model put into the description of bucket foundation during suction penetration improves the traditional calculation method. According to the definition of physical parameter, the volumetric strain of soil skeleton calculated by discrete element method, volumetric strain of soil particle calculated by J_2 flow theory, and the sum of two volumetric strains are set as the soil instant strain for setting up the dynamic variables of soil physical parameter.
According to the structure style of bucket foundation and soil stress change around the buckets, effective stress principle is modified for usage of bucket foundation. The penetration resistance formula of bucket foundation is studied again in the paper and influence on resistance caused by soil seepage softening is analyzed, for the formula is the main part of stress equations. So the penetration resistance formula is modified by considering the influence of soil soften caused by seepage to resistance.
At last, solid-fluid coupling seepage mathematical model for suction penetration of bucket foundation is formed with stress equation and seepage equation formulated by conservation of mass and seepage motion equation and the solution conditions are given for the seepage model. At last, effectiveness and utilization of the given models are tested by some calculating examples.
引文
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