气测录井检测评价油气储层技术研究
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摘要
在石油天然气地质勘探中,通过地化录井技术分析岩屑特性、气测录井技术分析钻井液中脱出样品气中烃、非烃组分及其含量来判断油气层。但传统常规脱气方式,使作为分析对象的样品气不受控地混入空气,造成样品质量严重失真;此外钻井液含气饱和度S 值不能准确测得,使分析评价资料质量受到严重影响。
为了在地质勘探中获得真实地层含气量,定量脱气技术随着找油找气难度的增加越来越成为关注的焦点。检测评价油气储层是多领域、跨学科的课题,涉及的学科领域: 分别有气测录井技术、地化录井技术、分析化学、物理化学、色谱分析、先进的自动控制技术、传感及检测技术、信号处理技术以及计算机技术等,本文对气测录井检测评价油气储层技术进行了深入的研究,在研制过程本文的创新点体现在如下的工作中:
1. 对气测录井技术进行了深入的分析和研究,提出了采用定量全脱新方法、首次研制完成钻井液自动真空蒸馏定量脱气系统,建立了气测全烃值响应方程、避免了常规脱气方式中因不受控混入空气而造成的基础性失真。
2. 对地化录井技术进行了深入的分析和研究,传统地化录井方法是在高温300℃～600℃对岩屑样品进行裂解,通过分析岩屑特性来检测评价油气储层。但随着钻头技术革命,各油田采用PDC钻头,而PDC钻头钻井岩屑细碎呈粉末状从而给岩屑采集、显示识别、岩石定名带来了极大难题。因此探索新的检测评价方法刻不容缓, 本文提出对岩屑样品采用烃组分分析进行检测的新方法。
3. 利用人工神经网络原理及误差反向传播算法,将气测录井参数量化及标准化处理,建立以多参数为输入模式样本的人工神经网络模型,对油气储层特征进行描述,其精度及解释效果均令人满意,该方法值得推广应用。
4. 在利用气相色谱分析手段进行储集层流体性质研究方面,提出了轻烃分析技术新方法。因为在原油中相对含量最高、组分构成最丰富,反映油层信息最多的是轻烃,经色谱分离形成单体烃。
5. 研制了多套组合色谱分析系统,该系统为了缩短分析周期,采用多根色谱柱自动组合分析方式,提高了钻井现场天然气测量中的分析密度,使录取资料信息量成倍增加,增强发现薄油气层和防漏测能力。
6. 探讨了油气储层检测评价的各种方法,并以自行研制的钻井液自动真空蒸馏定量脱气仪、岩屑烃组分检测分析仪和多套组合色谱分析仪的检测数据为基础,建立了油气储层的综合解释评价系统,实现现场油气层的自动、快速和有效识别。
In the geological exploration for petroleum and natural gas, the oil-gas reservoirs are examined by the analyzing of the cuttings using geochemical logging technology, and analyzing of the hydrocarbon and no-hydrocarbon composition as well as the content of the gas sample taken from the drilling fluid using gas logging technology. However, with traditional degasification method, the sample gas or the analytic target is commingled with the air that sneaks in, so the quality of the sample gas is distorted seriously; On the other hand, the gas saturation S can’t be measured directly and accurately, thus the result of analysis and evaluation are affected seriously. In order to get the pure content of gas from geological exploration,
quantificational degasification technique attracts more focused attentions, while it is getting more difficult in looking for oil and gas. The detection and evaluation technique for oil-gas reservoir covers multiple areas and subjects, such as gas logging technology, geochemical logging technology, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, chromatogram analysis, advanced automatic control, sensor and detection, signal processing, computer technology and so on. The research on gas logging detection and evaluation technique for oil-gas reservoir is described in this paper including the innovated key points in the following aspects:
1. This article has a deep analysis and research on gas logging technology, using the new method of full quantitative degas, and for the first time accomplished automatic vacuum mud still and quantitative degas system in drilling fluid, established the response equation of gas total hydrocarbon and eliminated the base falsification degassed sample gas in the degas method of configuration of the present gas logger caused by the commingled air without controlling.
2. This article has a deep analysis and study on geochemical logging technologies. The traditional geochemical logging method is using the fissions of the sample cuttings at high temperature between 300°C—600°C, then detects and evaluates oil gas reservoir by analyzing the features of cuttings. However, with the revolution of the auger technology, each oil field is now using the PDC drill bit for the cutting. Due to the high penetration speed, the PDC bit can produce large volume of cuttings and the cuttings are so fine like power, which in term causes
another big problem when dealing with the sample collection, identification and naming. Therefore, it is necessary to look for other methods for detection and evaluation of the hydrocarbon reservoirs. In this article, it has brought forward a new method for evaluating the sample cuttings by using the hydrocarbon component analysis. 3. With the principle of the artificial neural network and the back-error propagation algorithm, the gas logging parameters can be quantitatively analyzed and standardized,hence the artificial neural network interpretation model has been set up using input sample with multi-parameters, since the reservoir characteristics can be better described with higher precision with this interpretation model. 4. In the study of the nature of reservoir fluid by using Gas Chromatography Analytical Method, the Light Hydrocarbon Analysis technology is used, since in crude oil, the light hydrocarbon has the highest relative content,the richest component constitution as well as the most reflection Information in oil layer,and those compositions can form free-hydrocarbon through the chromatographic fractionation. 5. In order to shorten the analyzing cycle, the Multiple Channel Chromatographic Analysis System is used which will analyze in automatic combinations with multiple columns. With this system, the analysis density is greatly improved for detecting the gas composition since the information collected is doubled and hence the ability is enhanced in discovering the thin oil gas reservoir as well as in preventing the loss of data on the well sites. 6. Many methods to detect and evaluate the oil gas reservoir are discussed in details. With the Auto Vacuum Mud Still and Quantitative Degas System for drilling fluid, the Cutting Hydrocarbon Component Analysis Detector, and the Multiple Channel Chromatographic Analysis System self developed, an Integrated Evaluation System is build for oil gas reservoir, and hence the wellside interpretation can be automatically and efficiently.
为了在地质勘探中获得真实地层含气量,定量脱气技术随着找油找气难度的增加越来越成为关注的焦点。检测评价油气储层是多领域、跨学科的课题,涉及的学科领域: 分别有气测录井技术、地化录井技术、分析化学、物理化学、色谱分析、先进的自动控制技术、传感及检测技术、信号处理技术以及计算机技术等,本文对气测录井检测评价油气储层技术进行了深入的研究,在研制过程本文的创新点体现在如下的工作中:
1. 对气测录井技术进行了深入的分析和研究,提出了采用定量全脱新方法、首次研制完成钻井液自动真空蒸馏定量脱气系统,建立了气测全烃值响应方程、避免了常规脱气方式中因不受控混入空气而造成的基础性失真。
2. 对地化录井技术进行了深入的分析和研究,传统地化录井方法是在高温300℃～600℃对岩屑样品进行裂解,通过分析岩屑特性来检测评价油气储层。但随着钻头技术革命,各油田采用PDC钻头,而PDC钻头钻井岩屑细碎呈粉末状从而给岩屑采集、显示识别、岩石定名带来了极大难题。因此探索新的检测评价方法刻不容缓, 本文提出对岩屑样品采用烃组分分析进行检测的新方法。
3. 利用人工神经网络原理及误差反向传播算法,将气测录井参数量化及标准化处理,建立以多参数为输入模式样本的人工神经网络模型,对油气储层特征进行描述,其精度及解释效果均令人满意,该方法值得推广应用。
4. 在利用气相色谱分析手段进行储集层流体性质研究方面,提出了轻烃分析技术新方法。因为在原油中相对含量最高、组分构成最丰富,反映油层信息最多的是轻烃,经色谱分离形成单体烃。
5. 研制了多套组合色谱分析系统,该系统为了缩短分析周期,采用多根色谱柱自动组合分析方式,提高了钻井现场天然气测量中的分析密度,使录取资料信息量成倍增加,增强发现薄油气层和防漏测能力。
6. 探讨了油气储层检测评价的各种方法,并以自行研制的钻井液自动真空蒸馏定量脱气仪、岩屑烃组分检测分析仪和多套组合色谱分析仪的检测数据为基础,建立了油气储层的综合解释评价系统,实现现场油气层的自动、快速和有效识别。
In the geological exploration for petroleum and natural gas, the oil-gas reservoirs are examined by the analyzing of the cuttings using geochemical logging technology, and analyzing of the hydrocarbon and no-hydrocarbon composition as well as the content of the gas sample taken from the drilling fluid using gas logging technology. However, with traditional degasification method, the sample gas or the analytic target is commingled with the air that sneaks in, so the quality of the sample gas is distorted seriously; On the other hand, the gas saturation S can’t be measured directly and accurately, thus the result of analysis and evaluation are affected seriously. In order to get the pure content of gas from geological exploration,
quantificational degasification technique attracts more focused attentions, while it is getting more difficult in looking for oil and gas. The detection and evaluation technique for oil-gas reservoir covers multiple areas and subjects, such as gas logging technology, geochemical logging technology, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, chromatogram analysis, advanced automatic control, sensor and detection, signal processing, computer technology and so on. The research on gas logging detection and evaluation technique for oil-gas reservoir is described in this paper including the innovated key points in the following aspects:
1. This article has a deep analysis and research on gas logging technology, using the new method of full quantitative degas, and for the first time accomplished automatic vacuum mud still and quantitative degas system in drilling fluid, established the response equation of gas total hydrocarbon and eliminated the base falsification degassed sample gas in the degas method of configuration of the present gas logger caused by the commingled air without controlling.
2. This article has a deep analysis and study on geochemical logging technologies. The traditional geochemical logging method is using the fissions of the sample cuttings at high temperature between 300°C—600°C, then detects and evaluates oil gas reservoir by analyzing the features of cuttings. However, with the revolution of the auger technology, each oil field is now using the PDC drill bit for the cutting. Due to the high penetration speed, the PDC bit can produce large volume of cuttings and the cuttings are so fine like power, which in term causes
another big problem when dealing with the sample collection, identification and naming. Therefore, it is necessary to look for other methods for detection and evaluation of the hydrocarbon reservoirs. In this article, it has brought forward a new method for evaluating the sample cuttings by using the hydrocarbon component analysis. 3. With the principle of the artificial neural network and the back-error propagation algorithm, the gas logging parameters can be quantitatively analyzed and standardized,hence the artificial neural network interpretation model has been set up using input sample with multi-parameters, since the reservoir characteristics can be better described with higher precision with this interpretation model. 4. In the study of the nature of reservoir fluid by using Gas Chromatography Analytical Method, the Light Hydrocarbon Analysis technology is used, since in crude oil, the light hydrocarbon has the highest relative content,the richest component constitution as well as the most reflection Information in oil layer,and those compositions can form free-hydrocarbon through the chromatographic fractionation. 5. In order to shorten the analyzing cycle, the Multiple Channel Chromatographic Analysis System is used which will analyze in automatic combinations with multiple columns. With this system, the analysis density is greatly improved for detecting the gas composition since the information collected is doubled and hence the ability is enhanced in discovering the thin oil gas reservoir as well as in preventing the loss of data on the well sites. 6. Many methods to detect and evaluate the oil gas reservoir are discussed in details. With the Auto Vacuum Mud Still and Quantitative Degas System for drilling fluid, the Cutting Hydrocarbon Component Analysis Detector, and the Multiple Channel Chromatographic Analysis System self developed, an Integrated Evaluation System is build for oil gas reservoir, and hence the wellside interpretation can be automatically and efficiently.
引文
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