矿井安全生产仿真模拟系统的研究与应用
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摘要
当前我国煤矿行业安全形式严峻,提高煤炭企业安全生产状况的重要手段之一是对煤矿从业人员进行高效安全教育。本文从我国煤矿生产现状出发,在研究煤矿虚拟现实系统的实现理论、方法以及技术手段,煤矿企业的安全生产的规程、文件、方式、手段等的基础上,开发了矿井安全生产仿真系统。系统的目的是让受训者可以身临其境般地体验生产过程甚至事故过程,学习各种情况下的处置办法,提高劳动者安全素质和技能。
本文从虚拟现实理论基础以及体系结构入手,对煤矿环境虚拟仿真的实现技术进行了分析和研究,阐述了煤矿安全生产仿真系统的设计思路,分析了系统的结构、功能以及实现步骤。在研究了灾害三维模拟和二维再现的优点基础上,提出了多维融合的灾害再现方法。借鉴Web技术中的超级链接的思想,结合碰撞检测技术提出了在三维虚拟矿井中用于信息交流的热点技术。通过热点可连接其他如煤矿安全相关的数据,如管理系统数据库或监控系统的实时数据。本文开发的煤矿安全生产仿真系统实现了模拟矿工在矿井中漫游,并在漫游的同时,通过和虚拟场景的浏览及交互获取有关生产和安全的相关知识。还建立了预防、避灾和救灾等专项数据库,并结合三维场景向用户展示安全生产知识。
总之,本文在设备管理、导航系统、虚拟矿井等领域结合的方向上进行了一定的探索,矿井安全生产仿真系统的研究与开发对保障煤矿安全生产、增强矿工安全保护意识和企业专业避灾训练等具有重要的实用价值,同时安全生产现实仿真模拟系统不但可以用于安全生产培训,还可以为煤矿安全生产提供技术支持和保障。
At present, the safety conditions of mine industries in our country are grim. One of the important means to improve the safety of coal production is to carry on effective safety education. This text development the simulation system for the safety of mine production from the present situation of mine production in our country based on the research on the theories, methods and technique means of achieving virtual reality system and the rules, documents, ways and means of safe production of mine industries. The aim of the system is to make it possible for trainees to experience the process of producing or even accidence as personal one, to study the ways to deal with every circumstance and to develop the safety qualities and skills of workers.
From the virtual reality system foundation and system structure, this text analyses and researches on techniques of realizing the simulation of mine environment, sets forth the thinking of designing the simulation system of mine environment and analyses the structure, function and steps of the system. Based on the advantages of the three-dimensional simulation and two-dimensional reappearing of disasters, the texts puts forwards a multi-dimensional fusion method of disaster reappearing. Drawing on the idea of super link in Web technique and combining with collision detection technology, it advances hot techniques used for information education in three-dimensional simulated mines. Through hot techniques, we can combine with other data related to mine safety such as the database in monitoring system and the real-time data in supervising and controlling system. The simulation system for the safety of mine production this text development has made it possible for workers to roam in simulated mines and at the same time, gains knowledge related to production and safety through skimming and communicating in simulated scenes. It also sets up specialized data bases for forecasting, preventing and rescuing the accidence. Moreover, it shows knowledge related to production and safety combining with three-dimensional scenes.
In brief, the text has a probing in the direction of some areas concerning such as facilities monitoring, guidance system and simulated mines. The research and development of the mine simulation system of safe production have an important practical value on insuring the safety of mine production, enhancing workers’sense of safety and protecting and carrying on specialized preventing disaster trainings for industries. Meanwhile, the system can provide technique support and insurance for the safety of mine production as well as be used in safe production training.
本文从虚拟现实理论基础以及体系结构入手,对煤矿环境虚拟仿真的实现技术进行了分析和研究,阐述了煤矿安全生产仿真系统的设计思路,分析了系统的结构、功能以及实现步骤。在研究了灾害三维模拟和二维再现的优点基础上,提出了多维融合的灾害再现方法。借鉴Web技术中的超级链接的思想,结合碰撞检测技术提出了在三维虚拟矿井中用于信息交流的热点技术。通过热点可连接其他如煤矿安全相关的数据,如管理系统数据库或监控系统的实时数据。本文开发的煤矿安全生产仿真系统实现了模拟矿工在矿井中漫游,并在漫游的同时,通过和虚拟场景的浏览及交互获取有关生产和安全的相关知识。还建立了预防、避灾和救灾等专项数据库,并结合三维场景向用户展示安全生产知识。
总之,本文在设备管理、导航系统、虚拟矿井等领域结合的方向上进行了一定的探索,矿井安全生产仿真系统的研究与开发对保障煤矿安全生产、增强矿工安全保护意识和企业专业避灾训练等具有重要的实用价值,同时安全生产现实仿真模拟系统不但可以用于安全生产培训,还可以为煤矿安全生产提供技术支持和保障。
At present, the safety conditions of mine industries in our country are grim. One of the important means to improve the safety of coal production is to carry on effective safety education. This text development the simulation system for the safety of mine production from the present situation of mine production in our country based on the research on the theories, methods and technique means of achieving virtual reality system and the rules, documents, ways and means of safe production of mine industries. The aim of the system is to make it possible for trainees to experience the process of producing or even accidence as personal one, to study the ways to deal with every circumstance and to develop the safety qualities and skills of workers.
From the virtual reality system foundation and system structure, this text analyses and researches on techniques of realizing the simulation of mine environment, sets forth the thinking of designing the simulation system of mine environment and analyses the structure, function and steps of the system. Based on the advantages of the three-dimensional simulation and two-dimensional reappearing of disasters, the texts puts forwards a multi-dimensional fusion method of disaster reappearing. Drawing on the idea of super link in Web technique and combining with collision detection technology, it advances hot techniques used for information education in three-dimensional simulated mines. Through hot techniques, we can combine with other data related to mine safety such as the database in monitoring system and the real-time data in supervising and controlling system. The simulation system for the safety of mine production this text development has made it possible for workers to roam in simulated mines and at the same time, gains knowledge related to production and safety through skimming and communicating in simulated scenes. It also sets up specialized data bases for forecasting, preventing and rescuing the accidence. Moreover, it shows knowledge related to production and safety combining with three-dimensional scenes.
In brief, the text has a probing in the direction of some areas concerning such as facilities monitoring, guidance system and simulated mines. The research and development of the mine simulation system of safe production have an important practical value on insuring the safety of mine production, enhancing workers’sense of safety and protecting and carrying on specialized preventing disaster trainings for industries. Meanwhile, the system can provide technique support and insurance for the safety of mine production as well as be used in safe production training.
引文
[1]曾伟,姜本琦,郑确.基于虚拟现实技术的矿井人员培训系统[J].煤矿安全,2008.(5):100-101
[2]Squelch A P.Virtual reality or mine safety training in South Afriea[J].Journal of The South African In stitute of Mining and Metallurgy,2001.101(4):209一216.
[3]Schon.D.Virtual Reality:Scientifican Technological Challenges National Research Counci1 Report[M].Washington,DC:National Academic Press,1983.
[4]Grigore Burdea,Philippe Coiffer.Virtual Reality Technology[M].John Wiles&Sons Inc,1994
[5]汪成为,高文等.灵境(虚拟现实)技术的理论、实现及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.
[6]Emmanuel I, Seamaster: An Rov-Manipulator System Simulator. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 1995 (1): 24-31
[7]丁国富.基于虚拟现实的挖掘机远程操作仿真理论研究[D].四川:西南交通大学博士论文,2000
[8]B Denby,D Schofield.Role of Virtual Reality in safety training of mine personnel[J].Mining Engineering,1999,10:59一64.
[9]Schofield D, Denby B, Willams M, etc. New applications of computoer graphics and virtual reality in the miner als insustries[J], Mine IT.1 international conference on information technologies in the minerals industry, Natinal Technical Universit of Athens,Greece, 1997
[10]Crawshaw SAM, Denby B, McClarnon D. The use of virtual reality to simulate room and pillar operations[J], Coal international, 1997, 245(1): 20-22
[11]李建忠.综采工作面pc机虚拟现实技术的研究[D],山西:太原理工大学,2003
[12]杨天军.虚拟现实与露天煤矿规划研究[J],矿业快报,2001 (2): 7-9
[13]Jos Stam,Eugene F iume.Depicting fire and other gaseous phenomena using diffusion processes[J]. ACM Computer Graphics (SIGGRA PH' 95).1995,29 (4):129- 135.
[14]Bise. C. ,J.Virtual Reality:Emerging Technology for Training of MinerS[J]MiningEngineering,1997,(1):37一41.
[15]李长山,刘晓明,朱丽萍等.虚拟现实技术及其应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.1-8
[16]吴国良,马登武.虚拟现实系统中的人机交互技术[J].电光与控制,2001.(3):39-41
[17]孙亮.汽车驾驶模拟器视景仿真系统关键技术研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].湖北:武汉理工大学物流工程学院,2006
[18]张威.三维地形模型动态建模研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].河南:解放军信息工程大学地图制图学与地理信息工程系,2005
[19]范辉.基于虚拟现实技术的可控可视化矿井通风研究[D]:[博士学位论文].山西:太原理工大学采矿工程系,2007
[20]Eugene,Olafsen,Kenn Scribner,K. David White,MFC programming with VisualC++6.0 unleashed(M),Beijing,Publishing House of Mechanical Industry,2000
[21]刘思岑,魏占玉,周荣福.基于VRML的矿井生产三维模拟(J).采矿技术,2007.7(1):66-68
[22]Li Qing,Han Keqi, Shen Yanchun. Research on controllable visualization of mine surface plant and development of virtual environment[J], China University of Mining&Technology v31 n1,2002(1): 27-29
[23]李安定.虚拟现实建模技术研究及其在汽车驾驶模拟器中的应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].湖北:武汉理工大学物流工程学院,2006
[24]熊伟,毛善君,马蔼乃等.煤矿虚拟环境的巷道几何建模及关键算法研究[J].测绘通报,2002(8)
[25]王宝山,魏占营,煤矿虚拟环境的巷道三维建模研究[[J],测绘学院学报.2005(9)
[26]薛晓明,敬万钧,刘锦德.虚拟环境交互技术研究[J].系统仿真学报.2001,13(增):54一551.
[27]施式亮.矿井安全非线性动力学评价模型及应用研究[D]:[博士学位论文].湖南:中南大学安全技术及工程系,2000
[28]LuJun,ZhouLihong,ChangXintan.Development and applieation of virtual reality technologies in coal mining safety engineering[J].Process in Safety SeieneeandTeehnology,2002,3(10):10一13.
[29]Jackson. P. Applications of Virtual Reality in training simulation[J],Virtual Reality in Enginerring,1993:121一136.
[30]史先焘.虚拟仿真技术在煤矿安全培训中的应用[J].中国矿业,2005.14(9):79-80
[31]陈福,傅贵,李东玉.虚拟现实技术在矿井瓦斯爆炸模拟中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术, 2003.31(3):34-35
[32]陈学习,韩玉春,邹恒义等.基于虚拟现实的矿井瓦斯爆炸模拟关键技术研究[J].华北科技学院学报.2004.1(2):1
[33]徐东印,朱令起,郭立稳.矿井火灾模拟技术前沿介绍——虚拟现实技术的应用[J].山东煤炭科技,2008.(1):34
[34]马立元,杨孝平.一种虚拟场景控制方法的研究与实现[J],计算机应用研究,2004(6)
[35]任国强.虚拟矿井系统的研究与实现[D]:[硕士学位论文].山东:山东科技大学检测技术与自动化装置系,2007
[36]程结海,张震宇,万刚.基于虚拟现实技术的三维矿井漫游系统研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2005.25(4):59
[37]龚卓蓉.Lynx图形界面[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002(1)
[38]罗杰.面向建筑的虚拟漫游系统研究与实现[M],大庆:大庆石油学院,2000
[39]方毅钦,仲梁,维于晓.矿山设备虚拟现实系统的实现[J].金属矿山,2007.(1):67
[40]华臻,范辉,李晋江等.虚拟现实技术在矿井通风系统中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2004. 32(3):45-47
[41]刘敬云.虚拟现实技术在矿井通风系统中的应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].山西:太原理工大学矿井通风安全系,2004
[42]王德永,仵自连,杜卫新.虚拟现实技术在矿井生产仿真系统中的应用[J].煤矿机械,2006.27(10):172
[43]赵建忠.虚拟现实技术及其在矿井中的应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].山西:太原理工大学工程现实虚拟技术系,2003
[44]乱娟鼗,陈鸿章,隋刚.基于虚拟现实的综采工作面的仿真系统研究[J].系统仿真学报, 2007.19(18):64-67
[1]仵自连,王德永,樊继.虚拟矿井生产仿真系统的分析与设计.微计算机信息,2006,22(9)
[2]史先焘.虚拟仿真技术在煤矿安全培训中的应用.中国矿业,2005,14(9)
[3]韩红利.基于VRML的连续采煤机虚拟现实模型实现技术.煤矿机械,2006,27(9)
[4]陈永锋,谢小明.矿山安全生产监测系统模型研究[J].金属矿山,2006,(2),69-71
[5]杨维,王彬.矿井巷道层次型无线监测无线传感器网络的实现[J].煤炭学报,2008,(1),94-98.
[6]郭三明,曹淑娟.新型矿用瓦斯传感器的研制[J].中国煤炭,2004,(10), 45-47.
[2]Squelch A P.Virtual reality or mine safety training in South Afriea[J].Journal of The South African In stitute of Mining and Metallurgy,2001.101(4):209一216.
[3]Schon.D.Virtual Reality:Scientifican Technological Challenges National Research Counci1 Report[M].Washington,DC:National Academic Press,1983.
[4]Grigore Burdea,Philippe Coiffer.Virtual Reality Technology[M].John Wiles&Sons Inc,1994
[5]汪成为,高文等.灵境(虚拟现实)技术的理论、实现及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.
[6]Emmanuel I, Seamaster: An Rov-Manipulator System Simulator. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 1995 (1): 24-31
[7]丁国富.基于虚拟现实的挖掘机远程操作仿真理论研究[D].四川:西南交通大学博士论文,2000
[8]B Denby,D Schofield.Role of Virtual Reality in safety training of mine personnel[J].Mining Engineering,1999,10:59一64.
[9]Schofield D, Denby B, Willams M, etc. New applications of computoer graphics and virtual reality in the miner als insustries[J], Mine IT.1 international conference on information technologies in the minerals industry, Natinal Technical Universit of Athens,Greece, 1997
[10]Crawshaw SAM, Denby B, McClarnon D. The use of virtual reality to simulate room and pillar operations[J], Coal international, 1997, 245(1): 20-22
[11]李建忠.综采工作面pc机虚拟现实技术的研究[D],山西:太原理工大学,2003
[12]杨天军.虚拟现实与露天煤矿规划研究[J],矿业快报,2001 (2): 7-9
[13]Jos Stam,Eugene F iume.Depicting fire and other gaseous phenomena using diffusion processes[J]. ACM Computer Graphics (SIGGRA PH' 95).1995,29 (4):129- 135.
[14]Bise. C. ,J.Virtual Reality:Emerging Technology for Training of MinerS[J]MiningEngineering,1997,(1):37一41.
[15]李长山,刘晓明,朱丽萍等.虚拟现实技术及其应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.1-8
[16]吴国良,马登武.虚拟现实系统中的人机交互技术[J].电光与控制,2001.(3):39-41
[17]孙亮.汽车驾驶模拟器视景仿真系统关键技术研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].湖北:武汉理工大学物流工程学院,2006
[18]张威.三维地形模型动态建模研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].河南:解放军信息工程大学地图制图学与地理信息工程系,2005
[19]范辉.基于虚拟现实技术的可控可视化矿井通风研究[D]:[博士学位论文].山西:太原理工大学采矿工程系,2007
[20]Eugene,Olafsen,Kenn Scribner,K. David White,MFC programming with VisualC++6.0 unleashed(M),Beijing,Publishing House of Mechanical Industry,2000
[21]刘思岑,魏占玉,周荣福.基于VRML的矿井生产三维模拟(J).采矿技术,2007.7(1):66-68
[22]Li Qing,Han Keqi, Shen Yanchun. Research on controllable visualization of mine surface plant and development of virtual environment[J], China University of Mining&Technology v31 n1,2002(1): 27-29
[23]李安定.虚拟现实建模技术研究及其在汽车驾驶模拟器中的应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].湖北:武汉理工大学物流工程学院,2006
[24]熊伟,毛善君,马蔼乃等.煤矿虚拟环境的巷道几何建模及关键算法研究[J].测绘通报,2002(8)
[25]王宝山,魏占营,煤矿虚拟环境的巷道三维建模研究[[J],测绘学院学报.2005(9)
[26]薛晓明,敬万钧,刘锦德.虚拟环境交互技术研究[J].系统仿真学报.2001,13(增):54一551.
[27]施式亮.矿井安全非线性动力学评价模型及应用研究[D]:[博士学位论文].湖南:中南大学安全技术及工程系,2000
[28]LuJun,ZhouLihong,ChangXintan.Development and applieation of virtual reality technologies in coal mining safety engineering[J].Process in Safety SeieneeandTeehnology,2002,3(10):10一13.
[29]Jackson. P. Applications of Virtual Reality in training simulation[J],Virtual Reality in Enginerring,1993:121一136.
[30]史先焘.虚拟仿真技术在煤矿安全培训中的应用[J].中国矿业,2005.14(9):79-80
[31]陈福,傅贵,李东玉.虚拟现实技术在矿井瓦斯爆炸模拟中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术, 2003.31(3):34-35
[32]陈学习,韩玉春,邹恒义等.基于虚拟现实的矿井瓦斯爆炸模拟关键技术研究[J].华北科技学院学报.2004.1(2):1
[33]徐东印,朱令起,郭立稳.矿井火灾模拟技术前沿介绍——虚拟现实技术的应用[J].山东煤炭科技,2008.(1):34
[34]马立元,杨孝平.一种虚拟场景控制方法的研究与实现[J],计算机应用研究,2004(6)
[35]任国强.虚拟矿井系统的研究与实现[D]:[硕士学位论文].山东:山东科技大学检测技术与自动化装置系,2007
[36]程结海,张震宇,万刚.基于虚拟现实技术的三维矿井漫游系统研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2005.25(4):59
[37]龚卓蓉.Lynx图形界面[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002(1)
[38]罗杰.面向建筑的虚拟漫游系统研究与实现[M],大庆:大庆石油学院,2000
[39]方毅钦,仲梁,维于晓.矿山设备虚拟现实系统的实现[J].金属矿山,2007.(1):67
[40]华臻,范辉,李晋江等.虚拟现实技术在矿井通风系统中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2004. 32(3):45-47
[41]刘敬云.虚拟现实技术在矿井通风系统中的应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].山西:太原理工大学矿井通风安全系,2004
[42]王德永,仵自连,杜卫新.虚拟现实技术在矿井生产仿真系统中的应用[J].煤矿机械,2006.27(10):172
[43]赵建忠.虚拟现实技术及其在矿井中的应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].山西:太原理工大学工程现实虚拟技术系,2003
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