矿山安全预警专家系统知识库的研究
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摘要
作为人工智能最重要和最广泛的一个应用研究领域,专家系统在过去30多年中取得了很大进展,其基础理论研究不断深入,技术水平不断提高,应用领域不断扩大。现在,随着矿山生产技术的发展,专家系统也越来越引起矿业界的重视,在已经开发出的一些矿山专家系统中,有的己经取得了令人满意的应用效果,并展示了美好的发展前景。
将专家系统应用于煤矿安全生产方面,可以保存和利用专家的经验知识并结合有关煤矿安全生产方面的领域知识,对煤矿安全生产运行状态进行综合评判并提供辅助决策服务,从而实现实时分析和综合评价矿山安全等目标,它对于预防和减少煤矿安全事故将会起着非常积极的作用。
本文对矿山安全预警专家系统的核心组成部分-矿山安全预警专家系统知识库进行了研究,具体内容如下:
首先,介绍了专家系统的基本理论,并对矿山安全预警专家系统进行了总体设计,包括系统需求和用户分析,利用面向对象技术建立了矿山安全预警专家系统开发模型,采用UML技术作了详细的系统用例分析。
其次,对矿山安全生产领域知识作了详细分析,并按照矿山安全生产环节以及矿山安全事故类型,将矿山安全预警专家系统的知识进行分类。
然后,从人工智能的角度分析,将不同类型的知识按其作用分为:事实性知识、启发性知识和过程性知识,分别用谓词逻辑法和产生式规则法来表示。并针对传统知识表示法的局限性,引入面向对象的知识表示法,并结合面向对象语言C++实现了面向对象的知识表示。并利用面向对象技术,建立了基于面向对象知识表示的推理机制。
最后,利用Microsoft SQL Sever2000建立了矿山安全预警专家系统知识库;并利用关系数据库技术,提出了知识库中知识管理方法。
Expert system, as the most important and most widely used applied research field, has made great progress in the past more than 30 years. The research on its basic theory is developing continuously, its technology level is improving continuously and its application field is enlarging continuously. With the development of mine production technology, expert system has aroused public attention in mineral industry at present. And some of mine expert system which have been developed have get satisfied application effect and show wonderful prospect.
Expert system applied in coal mine safety production will preserve and use experts' experiential knowledge and domain knowledge of coal mine safety production to judge the operation status of coal mine production comprehensively and assistant provide decision-making, and achieve the goal of real time analysis and comprehensive evaluation of coal mine safety, which will plays a very important role in preventing and reducing coal mine accidents.
The paper will introduce the establishment of the knowledge base, which is the core of expert system of mine safety pre-warning. The concrete contents are as follows:
Firstly, the paper introduces some basic theory of expert system, and makes the general design for the expert system of mine safety pre-warning, which includes the system demand and users, and then builds the development model of the system and makes detailed use case diagram by introducing object oriented technology and Unified Modeling Language.
Secondly, it analyzes the domain knowledge of coal mine production in detail, and in terms of each mine production link and accident categories, the knowledge of the expert system of mine safety pre-warning has been classified.
Thirdly, from the analysis of artificial intelligence, according to its role the above knowledge can be divided as: factual knowledge, which can be represented by predicate logic, heuristic knowledge, which can be represented by production rule, and procedure knowledge. And aiming at the limitation of traditional knowledge representation, it realizes the object oriented knowledge representation combined the object oriented language C++ by introducing object oriented knowledge representation. And then inference mechanism based on object-oriented knowledge representation has been built by technology.
At last, the knowledge base of the system has been established by Microsoft SQL Sever 2000. And some knowledge management methods have been put forward based on relational database technology.
将专家系统应用于煤矿安全生产方面,可以保存和利用专家的经验知识并结合有关煤矿安全生产方面的领域知识,对煤矿安全生产运行状态进行综合评判并提供辅助决策服务,从而实现实时分析和综合评价矿山安全等目标,它对于预防和减少煤矿安全事故将会起着非常积极的作用。
本文对矿山安全预警专家系统的核心组成部分-矿山安全预警专家系统知识库进行了研究,具体内容如下:
首先,介绍了专家系统的基本理论,并对矿山安全预警专家系统进行了总体设计,包括系统需求和用户分析,利用面向对象技术建立了矿山安全预警专家系统开发模型,采用UML技术作了详细的系统用例分析。
其次,对矿山安全生产领域知识作了详细分析,并按照矿山安全生产环节以及矿山安全事故类型,将矿山安全预警专家系统的知识进行分类。
然后,从人工智能的角度分析,将不同类型的知识按其作用分为:事实性知识、启发性知识和过程性知识,分别用谓词逻辑法和产生式规则法来表示。并针对传统知识表示法的局限性,引入面向对象的知识表示法,并结合面向对象语言C++实现了面向对象的知识表示。并利用面向对象技术,建立了基于面向对象知识表示的推理机制。
最后,利用Microsoft SQL Sever2000建立了矿山安全预警专家系统知识库;并利用关系数据库技术,提出了知识库中知识管理方法。
Expert system, as the most important and most widely used applied research field, has made great progress in the past more than 30 years. The research on its basic theory is developing continuously, its technology level is improving continuously and its application field is enlarging continuously. With the development of mine production technology, expert system has aroused public attention in mineral industry at present. And some of mine expert system which have been developed have get satisfied application effect and show wonderful prospect.
Expert system applied in coal mine safety production will preserve and use experts' experiential knowledge and domain knowledge of coal mine safety production to judge the operation status of coal mine production comprehensively and assistant provide decision-making, and achieve the goal of real time analysis and comprehensive evaluation of coal mine safety, which will plays a very important role in preventing and reducing coal mine accidents.
The paper will introduce the establishment of the knowledge base, which is the core of expert system of mine safety pre-warning. The concrete contents are as follows:
Firstly, the paper introduces some basic theory of expert system, and makes the general design for the expert system of mine safety pre-warning, which includes the system demand and users, and then builds the development model of the system and makes detailed use case diagram by introducing object oriented technology and Unified Modeling Language.
Secondly, it analyzes the domain knowledge of coal mine production in detail, and in terms of each mine production link and accident categories, the knowledge of the expert system of mine safety pre-warning has been classified.
Thirdly, from the analysis of artificial intelligence, according to its role the above knowledge can be divided as: factual knowledge, which can be represented by predicate logic, heuristic knowledge, which can be represented by production rule, and procedure knowledge. And aiming at the limitation of traditional knowledge representation, it realizes the object oriented knowledge representation combined the object oriented language C++ by introducing object oriented knowledge representation. And then inference mechanism based on object-oriented knowledge representation has been built by technology.
At last, the knowledge base of the system has been established by Microsoft SQL Sever 2000. And some knowledge management methods have been put forward based on relational database technology.
引文
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[2]刑福康,刘玉堂等.煤矿支护手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993. 8～9
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[15]王宽全.面向对象的知识表示方法[J].计算机科学,1994, 21(1): 55～58
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[17]张荣沂.专家系统中不确定性知识的表示和处理[J].计算机应用.2002,22(5):135～139
[18]李德毅.知识表示中的不确定性[J].中国工程科学.2000, 10: 40～46
[19]向艳.基于不精确推理模型的诊断型专家系统研究[J].江苏石油化工学院学报.2002, 14(3): 46～49
[20]王亚南.专家系统中推理机制的研究与应用: [硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2006
[21]温有奎.面向对象专家系统的知识表示方法研究[J].信息系统.2002, 2(25):130～132
[22]周光明,李斌等.基于面向对象技术的专家系统模型[J].计算机工程与设计.2006, 27(15): 2877～2879
[23] Preece A D et al. Verifying expert system: a logical frame work and a practical tool [J]. Expert Systems with Application.1992, 6: 421～463
[24]蔡林峰,马璟,陈丽娟.一种面向对象的专家系统设计方法[J].计算机工程与应用.2005, 11: 250-256
[25]叶亚齐,许梦国.面向对象方法构造基于规则专家系统[J].信息技术.2004, 28(8): 69～71
[26]舒玉华.分布式控制与管理系统中CORBA与UML技术的研究: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2004
[27] Booch G,Douglass B,Cernosek G.Unified Modeling Language for Real Time Systems Design.Rational Software Corp, 1996.45～47
[28] Grad Booch,James Rumbaugh,Ivar Jacobson.The Unified Modeling Language User Guide.Addison Wesley Longman Inc, 1999.38～40
[29] David J kruglinski. Viual C++技术内幕[M].北京:清华大学出,1999.12～15
[30]程慧霞等.用C++建造专家系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1996.26～27
[31]闪四清.SQL Server2000实用教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2000.16～19
[32]梁普选等. Visual C++6.0数据库编程大全[M].北京:电子工业出,2000.26～28
[33]国家安全生产监督管理局,国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿安全规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.4～75
[34]李国轩,李瑞华.矿山安全性评价与安全事故的预防及处理实务全书[M].北京:中国商业出版社,2002.12～36
[35]蔡自兴,[美]约翰·德尔金,龚涛.高级专家系统原理、设计及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.30～33
[36]吴泉源,刘江宁.人工智能与专家系统[M].国防科技大学出版社,1995.22～26
[37]石纯一,黄昌宁.人工智能原理[M].清华大学出版社,1999.29～31
[38] Zizette B. A purely object-oriented approach for rule-based paradigms [J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 1998, 14, 483～492
[39]宋久鹏,高国安.混合知识表示法在基于实例设计中的应用研究[J].计算机工程,2001, 11(11): 107～109
[40] A. Kontopoulos, K. Krallis, E. Konkourakis, A Hybrid Knowledge-Based System as a Process control Tool for Improved Energy Efficiency in Alumina Calcining Furnaces[J], Applied Thermal Engineering, 1997,17: 935, 945
[41]杨莹春,诸静.面向对象的专家知识模型[J].计算机工程与设计.2001, 22(2): 27～30
[42]史忠植.知识发现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.56～58
[43]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.42～45
[44]许云,樊孝忠.在专家系统中利用关系数据库来表达知识[J].计算机工程与应用,2003, 39(22): 91～93,138
[45]自石磊,毛雪岷等.基于数据库和知识库的知识发现研究综述[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003, 21(1):136～141
[46]王浩宇,蔡瑞英.一种面向对象推理模型及其知识表示[J].南京工业大学学报,2002,24(3): 20～24
[47]刘有源,陈定芳.面向对象的设计型专家系统知识表达与推理策略[J].武汉交通科技大学学报,1996,20(2):110～114
[48]李楠,王志杰,李祖枢.一种基于面向对象思想的专家系统推理机模型[J].计算机工程与应用,1998, 12: 17～19
[49]徐勇,杨柯.一种面向对象知识库的构造和维护[J].计算机工程.2000, 26(9): 60～63
[50]郭茂祖,孙华梅,黄梯云.专家系统中知识库组织与维护技术的研究[J].高技术通讯,2002,2:1～4, 9
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[52]刘书家,孙名松.知识库维护技术的研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,1997,2(1):33～36
[2]刑福康,刘玉堂等.煤矿支护手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993. 8～9
[3] Stevens.W.R. UNIX Networking Programming, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1990. 86-88
[4]李桂青.工程设计专家系统的原理与程序设计方法[M].北京:气象出版社,1993. 4～5
[5]姜福兴.采场顶板控制及其专家系统[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1995. 7～8
[6]王建军,张春涛.“支护设计及顶板控制专家系”的应用[J].煤矿开采.1996, 3:10～11, 22
[7]王靖飞.动物疾病诊断专家系统的研究与应用:[博士学位论文].哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2002
[8] Edward A. Feigenbaum. Knowledge Engineering in the 1980s: [dissertation]. Standford: Standford University, 1982
[9]贾焰,王志英.知识库系统原理与技术[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1993.16～17
[10]张全寿,周建峰.专家系统建造原理及方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1992.20～23
[11]马玉详,武波.专家系统[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,1994.19～22
[12]谭东风.实用专家系统指南[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1991.18～19
[13]陈世福,陈兆乾.人工智能与知识工程[M].南京大学出版社,1997.26～27
[14]吴泉源,刘江宁.人工智能与专家系统[M].国防科技大学出版,1995.30～33
[15]王宽全.面向对象的知识表示方法[J].计算机科学,1994, 21(1): 55～58
[16]刘丽霞,王新军.一个基于面向对象知识表示的专家系统及其实现[J].计算机系统应用.2005, 6: 14～16, 21
[17]张荣沂.专家系统中不确定性知识的表示和处理[J].计算机应用.2002,22(5):135～139
[18]李德毅.知识表示中的不确定性[J].中国工程科学.2000, 10: 40～46
[19]向艳.基于不精确推理模型的诊断型专家系统研究[J].江苏石油化工学院学报.2002, 14(3): 46～49
[20]王亚南.专家系统中推理机制的研究与应用: [硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2006
[21]温有奎.面向对象专家系统的知识表示方法研究[J].信息系统.2002, 2(25):130～132
[22]周光明,李斌等.基于面向对象技术的专家系统模型[J].计算机工程与设计.2006, 27(15): 2877～2879
[23] Preece A D et al. Verifying expert system: a logical frame work and a practical tool [J]. Expert Systems with Application.1992, 6: 421～463
[24]蔡林峰,马璟,陈丽娟.一种面向对象的专家系统设计方法[J].计算机工程与应用.2005, 11: 250-256
[25]叶亚齐,许梦国.面向对象方法构造基于规则专家系统[J].信息技术.2004, 28(8): 69～71
[26]舒玉华.分布式控制与管理系统中CORBA与UML技术的研究: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2004
[27] Booch G,Douglass B,Cernosek G.Unified Modeling Language for Real Time Systems Design.Rational Software Corp, 1996.45～47
[28] Grad Booch,James Rumbaugh,Ivar Jacobson.The Unified Modeling Language User Guide.Addison Wesley Longman Inc, 1999.38～40
[29] David J kruglinski. Viual C++技术内幕[M].北京:清华大学出,1999.12～15
[30]程慧霞等.用C++建造专家系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1996.26～27
[31]闪四清.SQL Server2000实用教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2000.16～19
[32]梁普选等. Visual C++6.0数据库编程大全[M].北京:电子工业出,2000.26～28
[33]国家安全生产监督管理局,国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿安全规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.4～75
[34]李国轩,李瑞华.矿山安全性评价与安全事故的预防及处理实务全书[M].北京:中国商业出版社,2002.12～36
[35]蔡自兴,[美]约翰·德尔金,龚涛.高级专家系统原理、设计及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.30～33
[36]吴泉源,刘江宁.人工智能与专家系统[M].国防科技大学出版社,1995.22～26
[37]石纯一,黄昌宁.人工智能原理[M].清华大学出版社,1999.29～31
[38] Zizette B. A purely object-oriented approach for rule-based paradigms [J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 1998, 14, 483～492
[39]宋久鹏,高国安.混合知识表示法在基于实例设计中的应用研究[J].计算机工程,2001, 11(11): 107～109
[40] A. Kontopoulos, K. Krallis, E. Konkourakis, A Hybrid Knowledge-Based System as a Process control Tool for Improved Energy Efficiency in Alumina Calcining Furnaces[J], Applied Thermal Engineering, 1997,17: 935, 945
[41]杨莹春,诸静.面向对象的专家知识模型[J].计算机工程与设计.2001, 22(2): 27～30
[42]史忠植.知识发现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.56～58
[43]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.42～45
[44]许云,樊孝忠.在专家系统中利用关系数据库来表达知识[J].计算机工程与应用,2003, 39(22): 91～93,138
[45]自石磊,毛雪岷等.基于数据库和知识库的知识发现研究综述[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003, 21(1):136～141
[46]王浩宇,蔡瑞英.一种面向对象推理模型及其知识表示[J].南京工业大学学报,2002,24(3): 20～24
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