我国城镇化进程中能源供应方案的研究
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摘要
本文从我国能源资源的构成特点出发,从能源结构和利用技术层面综合分析了我国当前能源供应中能源利用效率偏低的原因。探讨了煤炭高效清洁利用的途径,其中包括先进的煤发电技术、供暖技术和煤气化技术。重点从安全性,经济性,环保效益等方面对煤气化合成二甲醚作城镇燃气的能源供应方案做了深入研究,提出了城镇燃气供应新方案。此外,还对建筑节能技术进行了探究,着重介绍了中小城镇中太阳能和生物质等可再生能源的开发和利用。从宏观和技术层面对我国城镇化进程中能源的供应方式提出了合理建议。
This thesis, based on the characteristics of energy mix, comprehensively analyze the reason why energy efficiencies is relatively low in current energy supply from two aspects----energy structure and utilization technology. The thesis discusses the high efficient and clean utilization technologies, including advanced coal-power generation technology, heating technology and coal gasification technology. It does deep research of DME made by gasification as the urban gas supply, mainly from the angles of security, economical efficiency and environment protection, and present new program of urban gas supply. Besides, the thesis does research on building energy efficiency, mainly present the development and utilization of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy and biomass energy in medium-small towns, put up reasonable proposals of energy supply in urbanization from macroscopic view and technical level.
This thesis, based on the characteristics of energy mix, comprehensively analyze the reason why energy efficiencies is relatively low in current energy supply from two aspects----energy structure and utilization technology. The thesis discusses the high efficient and clean utilization technologies, including advanced coal-power generation technology, heating technology and coal gasification technology. It does deep research of DME made by gasification as the urban gas supply, mainly from the angles of security, economical efficiency and environment protection, and present new program of urban gas supply. Besides, the thesis does research on building energy efficiency, mainly present the development and utilization of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy and biomass energy in medium-small towns, put up reasonable proposals of energy supply in urbanization from macroscopic view and technical level.
引文
[1]中国国家统计局.2008中国统计年鉴[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2008.
[2]中国科学院可持续发展战略研究组.2004中国可持续发展战略报告.北京：科学出版社,2004.
[3]王庆一.中国2007年终端能源消费和能源效率.节能与环保.2009,2
[4]焦树建.IGCC技术发展的回顾与展望.电力建设.2009,1(30).2-4.
[5]朱万美,王运阁.天然气的开发与合理利用.煤气与热力.2002.1(21).
[6]陆家亮.中国天然气工业发展形势及发展建议.天然气工业.2009,1.
[7]蒋金荷.提高能源效率与经济结构调整的策略分析.数量经济技术经济研究.2004,10.
[8]李志坚.煤资源与煤气化技术的选择.泸天化科技.2008,2.
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[12]王勇义.浅谈工业锅炉的节能减排技术.山西电力.2007.12
[13]程钧培.节能减排与火电新技术.动力工程,2009,1(29).
[14]肖云汉,以煤气化为基础的多联产技术创新.中国煤炭.2008,11(24).
[15]李洁,曹子栋,段宾,葛学利.浅谈我国的IGCC型洁净煤发电技术.节能.2008,11.
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[19]颜廷昭,徐荣,赵权江.合成气一步法制二甲醚技术进展.江苏化工.2001.4
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[22]陈建伦.新型替代燃料—二甲醚物化性质测定及应用研究：[硕士学位论文].重庆大学.
[23]宗言恭.高油价下甲醇、二甲醚替代汽车燃料的经济性测算.中国石油和化工经济分析,2008,09.
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[25]马彦飞,徐晓勇.居住建筑中全方位的建筑节能措施.山西建筑,2009,1.
[26]宋继强,曹乾元.浅谈外墙保温与建筑节能.民营科技,2009,4.
[27]王其恒,太阳能与建筑一体化的探索与应用.安徽建筑.2009,3.
[28]黄成龙,韩伟星.太阳能热水器在居住建筑中的应用.科技促进发展,2009,3.
[29]程文娟,李瑾.被动式太阳能建筑设计的理念及应用.中国建设信息.2009,4.
[30]冯薇.新农村以沼气为纽带开发利用生物质资源.农机化研究.2008,2.
[31]H. Watanabe, M. Otaka:Numerical simulation of coal gasification in entrained flow coal gasifier, Fuel.2006:85.
[32]Kenji Asami, Qianwen Zhang, Xiaohong Li, Sachio Asaoka, Kaoru Fujimoto:Semi-indirect synthesis of LPG from syngas Conversion of DME into LPG, Catalysis today, Volume 106, Issues 1-4,15 October 2005, Pages 247-251.
[33]Wenliang Zhu, Xiaohong Li, Hiroshi Kaneko, Kaoru Fujimoto:LPG Synthesis from DME with semi-direct method. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Volume 167,2007, Pages 355-360.
[34]troy A. Semelsberger, Rodney L. Borup, Howard L. Greene:Dimethyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 156, Issue 2,1 June 2006, Pages 497-511.
[35]Gong-Xin Qi, Xiao-Ming Zheng, Jin-Hua Fei, Zhao-Yin Hou:A novel catalyst for DME synthesis from CO hydrogenation:1. Activity, structure and surface properties, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:Chemical, Volume 176, Issues 1-2,20 November 2001, Pages 195-203.
[36]En Sup Yoon, Chonghun Han:A Review of Sustainable Energy-Recent Development and Future Prospects of Dimethyl Ether (DME), Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, Volume 27, 2009, Pages 169-175.
[37]Yingying Zhu, Shurong Wang, Xiaolan Ge, Qian Liu, Zhongyang Luo, Kefa Cen:Experimental study of improved two step synthesis for DME production, Fuel Processing technology,2009.5.
[38]Wonjun Cho, taekyong Song, Alexander Mitsos, J. thomas McKinnon, Glen H. Ko:Optimal design and operation of a natural gas tri-reforming reactor for DME synthesis, Catalysis today. Volume 139,2009 Pages 261-267.
[39]Mario Marchionna, Renata Patrini, Domenico Sanfilippo, Gabriele Migliavacca: Fundamental investigations on di-methyl ether (DME) as LPG substitute or make-up for domestic uses, Fuel Processing technology, Volume 89 2008 Pages 1255-1261.
[40]Abdullah Yildiz, Ali Gungor:Energy and exergy analyses of space heating in buildings, Applied Energy Volume 86 2009 Pages 1939-1948.
[2]中国科学院可持续发展战略研究组.2004中国可持续发展战略报告.北京：科学出版社,2004.
[3]王庆一.中国2007年终端能源消费和能源效率.节能与环保.2009,2
[4]焦树建.IGCC技术发展的回顾与展望.电力建设.2009,1(30).2-4.
[5]朱万美,王运阁.天然气的开发与合理利用.煤气与热力.2002.1(21).
[6]陆家亮.中国天然气工业发展形势及发展建议.天然气工业.2009,1.
[7]蒋金荷.提高能源效率与经济结构调整的策略分析.数量经济技术经济研究.2004,10.
[8]李志坚.煤资源与煤气化技术的选择.泸天化科技.2008,2.
[9]中国国家统计局.2009中国统计年鉴[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2009.
[10]张晓平.20世纪90年代以来中国能源消费的时空格局及其影响因素.中国人口·资源与环境.2005,2(15).
[11]李雪丽,方淑芬.节能减排与我国火电企业可持续发展.理论科学.2009,01.
[12]王勇义.浅谈工业锅炉的节能减排技术.山西电力.2007.12
[13]程钧培.节能减排与火电新技术.动力工程,2009,1(29).
[14]肖云汉,以煤气化为基础的多联产技术创新.中国煤炭.2008,11(24).
[15]李洁,曹子栋,段宾,葛学利.浅谈我国的IGCC型洁净煤发电技术.节能.2008,11.
[16]王辅臣,于广锁,龚欣,刘海峰,王亦飞.大型煤气化技术的研究与发展.2009,2(28).
[17]叶亚莉,李天文.国内煤气化技术现状及发展趋势.泸天化科技.2005,3.
[18]罗承先,周韦慧.煤的气化技术及其应用.中外能源.2009,14(28).
[19]颜廷昭,徐荣,赵权江.合成气一步法制二甲醚技术进展.江苏化工.2001.4
[20]项友谦,王启.二甲醚用作城镇燃气若干问题的探讨.城市燃气.2008,10.
[21]城镇燃气设计规范[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[22]陈建伦.新型替代燃料—二甲醚物化性质测定及应用研究：[硕士学位论文].重庆大学.
[23]宗言恭.高油价下甲醇、二甲醚替代汽车燃料的经济性测算.中国石油和化工经济分析,2008,09.
[24]叶宇丰.基于生态理念的住宅节能设计研究：[硕士学位论文].建筑与城市规划学院.2005.
[25]马彦飞,徐晓勇.居住建筑中全方位的建筑节能措施.山西建筑,2009,1.
[26]宋继强,曹乾元.浅谈外墙保温与建筑节能.民营科技,2009,4.
[27]王其恒,太阳能与建筑一体化的探索与应用.安徽建筑.2009,3.
[28]黄成龙,韩伟星.太阳能热水器在居住建筑中的应用.科技促进发展,2009,3.
[29]程文娟,李瑾.被动式太阳能建筑设计的理念及应用.中国建设信息.2009,4.
[30]冯薇.新农村以沼气为纽带开发利用生物质资源.农机化研究.2008,2.
[31]H. Watanabe, M. Otaka:Numerical simulation of coal gasification in entrained flow coal gasifier, Fuel.2006:85.
[32]Kenji Asami, Qianwen Zhang, Xiaohong Li, Sachio Asaoka, Kaoru Fujimoto:Semi-indirect synthesis of LPG from syngas Conversion of DME into LPG, Catalysis today, Volume 106, Issues 1-4,15 October 2005, Pages 247-251.
[33]Wenliang Zhu, Xiaohong Li, Hiroshi Kaneko, Kaoru Fujimoto:LPG Synthesis from DME with semi-direct method. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Volume 167,2007, Pages 355-360.
[34]troy A. Semelsberger, Rodney L. Borup, Howard L. Greene:Dimethyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 156, Issue 2,1 June 2006, Pages 497-511.
[35]Gong-Xin Qi, Xiao-Ming Zheng, Jin-Hua Fei, Zhao-Yin Hou:A novel catalyst for DME synthesis from CO hydrogenation:1. Activity, structure and surface properties, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:Chemical, Volume 176, Issues 1-2,20 November 2001, Pages 195-203.
[36]En Sup Yoon, Chonghun Han:A Review of Sustainable Energy-Recent Development and Future Prospects of Dimethyl Ether (DME), Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, Volume 27, 2009, Pages 169-175.
[37]Yingying Zhu, Shurong Wang, Xiaolan Ge, Qian Liu, Zhongyang Luo, Kefa Cen:Experimental study of improved two step synthesis for DME production, Fuel Processing technology,2009.5.
[38]Wonjun Cho, taekyong Song, Alexander Mitsos, J. thomas McKinnon, Glen H. Ko:Optimal design and operation of a natural gas tri-reforming reactor for DME synthesis, Catalysis today. Volume 139,2009 Pages 261-267.
[39]Mario Marchionna, Renata Patrini, Domenico Sanfilippo, Gabriele Migliavacca: Fundamental investigations on di-methyl ether (DME) as LPG substitute or make-up for domestic uses, Fuel Processing technology, Volume 89 2008 Pages 1255-1261.
[40]Abdullah Yildiz, Ali Gungor:Energy and exergy analyses of space heating in buildings, Applied Energy Volume 86 2009 Pages 1939-1948.
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