东方3号杂交海带种质分析
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摘要
我国是世界上最大的海带栽培国,遗传改良在海带产业发展中占有举足轻重的地位。自上世纪50年代末至今,我国共培育了20余个海带优良品种(系),其推广应用大大促进了海带产业发展。但是常规育种方法(定向选择、诱变、杂交等结合连续自交)劳动强度大、选育周期长,再加上常规保种和育苗技术导致品种杂合、退化、抗逆性降低,目前的海带品种已远远不能满足诸如海区水温升高和透明度增加等海况条件变化和加工业对品种的多元化需求。
东方3号杂交海带是由LZZ品系雄配子体与海带(L. japonica)改良品系——7号的雌配子体杂交获得的海带新品种(品种登记号：GS02-002-2007)。本研究对东方3号杂交海带的种质进行了分析,内容涉及形态和经济性状、杂种优势率、变异系数、指纹图谱构建、亲缘关系分析等方面,为其合理利用、种质鉴定和监测奠定了基础。研究得到以下结果：
1、形态特征：东方3号杂交海带个体宽大,根系发达,基部偏圆,纵沟较明显,藻体韧性强,边缘较普通品种厚、波褶少,叶片上下厚度均匀,色泽深褐。由于东方3号杂交海带是两个纯系配子体杂交产生的子一代,因此其孢子体形态非常整齐。
2、经济和生态性状：东方3号杂交海带生长速度快、耐高温、衰烂轻、抗强光,属于晚厚成品种。荣成宁津海区连续三年的栽培结果显示东方3号杂交海带较主要生产种对照Ⅰ和对照Ⅱ平均增产52.1%和65.2%,较LZZ品系和7号品系分别增产59.8%和74.4%。
3、适应性：我国北方多年多海区栽培结果表明东方3号杂交海带适应性强,性状整齐,在不同类型海区均表现出明显的高产、耐高温和抗强光特性。较主要生产品种对照Ⅰ平均增产32.4%,较对照Ⅱ平均增产54.2%。
4、统计分析结果表明：东方3号杂交海带变异系数低于各对照组；在长度、宽度、株鲜重、株干重上具有显著的杂种优势；对东方3号杂交海带与对照组的主要经济性状进行t检验,差异均显著。
5、采用AFLP(扩增片断长度多态性)、SSR(微卫星DNA标记)技术建立了东方3号杂交海带、亲本及亲本来源种和两个对照品种的指纹图谱并进行了亲缘关系分析。结果表明：东方3号杂交海带与其父母本之间、父母本与其来源种之间亲缘关系明显,且能与对照组互相区分。
China is the biggest country of Laminaria cultivation in the world. Genetic improvement played a crucial role in the development of Laminaria cultivation of China. Since 1950s, more than 20 varieties (or lines) have been bred and used.Their popularization has promoted the development of Laminaria industry drastically. However, conventional breeding methods (such as directional selection, mutation, hybridization etc., combined with continuous selfing) are labor-intensive and long period. Moreover, conventional technic of germplasm conservation and seedling rearing results in heterozygous, degradation, and weak stress resistance. The current varieties can not meet the needs of sea conditions (such as increased sea-water temperature and transparency) or diversity varieties from processing industries.
Dongfang No.3 is a new hybrid Laminaria (variety registration number:GS02-002-2007). It was bred by hybridizing of a female gametophyte isolated from Line 7 of L. japonica with a male one isolated from Line LZZ. Analysis of germplasm of Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria was studied in our research, including morphological characteristics, economic traits, heterosis, coefficient of variation, construction of fingerprints and analysis of genetic relationship. The data lay foundation for utilization, germplasm identification and monitoring of Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria.The following are our major results:
1. Morphological characteristics:The dark brown hybrid has a wide, uniform, ripple-less and very tough blade and a very robust holdfast. A deep vertical groove, a half-round joint between stipe and blade and thick blade edges distinguish the hybrid from other varieties of L. japonica. Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria is the first generation of hybridization by two gametophyte clones, so the morphology of its sporophyte is consistent.
2. Economic traits and ecological features:The hybrid grows faster than other control varieties. It tolerates high irradiance and seawater temperature and resists the tissue rottenness of blade tip and edges. The hybrid matures later than the varieties of L. japonica widely used currently. As were observed in continuous three years in Ningjin sea area, Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria increased the yield by 51.8% and 66.7% in average over that of Control I and Control II, respectively, and by 63.6% and 80.0% over that of Line LZZ and Line 7.
3. Adaptability: the cultivation results in different sites and years showed that Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria had good adaptability to variety sea conditions. It performed high yield, resistance to high irradiance and seawater temperature obviously.It boosted up the yield by 32.4% and 54.2% in average over that of Control I and II, respectively.
4. Statistical analysis concluded that the coefficient variation of Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria was lower than other control groups. The hybrid had significant heterosis compared with line 7 and line LZZ in length, width, fresh weight and dry weight. The results of T test in main economic traits indicated that Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria was different population to other controls.
5. DNA fingerprints of Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria, its parent, source varieties of its parent and two controls were constructed by AFLP and SSR technology, genetic relationship was also analysized. The results showed that the relationship between Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria and its parent was very near, and the same as that of the parent and its source varieties. Moreover, the hybrid could be distinguished with the two control varieties.
东方3号杂交海带是由LZZ品系雄配子体与海带(L. japonica)改良品系——7号的雌配子体杂交获得的海带新品种(品种登记号：GS02-002-2007)。本研究对东方3号杂交海带的种质进行了分析,内容涉及形态和经济性状、杂种优势率、变异系数、指纹图谱构建、亲缘关系分析等方面,为其合理利用、种质鉴定和监测奠定了基础。研究得到以下结果：
1、形态特征：东方3号杂交海带个体宽大,根系发达,基部偏圆,纵沟较明显,藻体韧性强,边缘较普通品种厚、波褶少,叶片上下厚度均匀,色泽深褐。由于东方3号杂交海带是两个纯系配子体杂交产生的子一代,因此其孢子体形态非常整齐。
2、经济和生态性状：东方3号杂交海带生长速度快、耐高温、衰烂轻、抗强光,属于晚厚成品种。荣成宁津海区连续三年的栽培结果显示东方3号杂交海带较主要生产种对照Ⅰ和对照Ⅱ平均增产52.1%和65.2%,较LZZ品系和7号品系分别增产59.8%和74.4%。
3、适应性：我国北方多年多海区栽培结果表明东方3号杂交海带适应性强,性状整齐,在不同类型海区均表现出明显的高产、耐高温和抗强光特性。较主要生产品种对照Ⅰ平均增产32.4%,较对照Ⅱ平均增产54.2%。
4、统计分析结果表明：东方3号杂交海带变异系数低于各对照组；在长度、宽度、株鲜重、株干重上具有显著的杂种优势；对东方3号杂交海带与对照组的主要经济性状进行t检验,差异均显著。
5、采用AFLP(扩增片断长度多态性)、SSR(微卫星DNA标记)技术建立了东方3号杂交海带、亲本及亲本来源种和两个对照品种的指纹图谱并进行了亲缘关系分析。结果表明：东方3号杂交海带与其父母本之间、父母本与其来源种之间亲缘关系明显,且能与对照组互相区分。
China is the biggest country of Laminaria cultivation in the world. Genetic improvement played a crucial role in the development of Laminaria cultivation of China. Since 1950s, more than 20 varieties (or lines) have been bred and used.Their popularization has promoted the development of Laminaria industry drastically. However, conventional breeding methods (such as directional selection, mutation, hybridization etc., combined with continuous selfing) are labor-intensive and long period. Moreover, conventional technic of germplasm conservation and seedling rearing results in heterozygous, degradation, and weak stress resistance. The current varieties can not meet the needs of sea conditions (such as increased sea-water temperature and transparency) or diversity varieties from processing industries.
Dongfang No.3 is a new hybrid Laminaria (variety registration number:GS02-002-2007). It was bred by hybridizing of a female gametophyte isolated from Line 7 of L. japonica with a male one isolated from Line LZZ. Analysis of germplasm of Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria was studied in our research, including morphological characteristics, economic traits, heterosis, coefficient of variation, construction of fingerprints and analysis of genetic relationship. The data lay foundation for utilization, germplasm identification and monitoring of Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria.The following are our major results:
1. Morphological characteristics:The dark brown hybrid has a wide, uniform, ripple-less and very tough blade and a very robust holdfast. A deep vertical groove, a half-round joint between stipe and blade and thick blade edges distinguish the hybrid from other varieties of L. japonica. Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria is the first generation of hybridization by two gametophyte clones, so the morphology of its sporophyte is consistent.
2. Economic traits and ecological features:The hybrid grows faster than other control varieties. It tolerates high irradiance and seawater temperature and resists the tissue rottenness of blade tip and edges. The hybrid matures later than the varieties of L. japonica widely used currently. As were observed in continuous three years in Ningjin sea area, Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria increased the yield by 51.8% and 66.7% in average over that of Control I and Control II, respectively, and by 63.6% and 80.0% over that of Line LZZ and Line 7.
3. Adaptability: the cultivation results in different sites and years showed that Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria had good adaptability to variety sea conditions. It performed high yield, resistance to high irradiance and seawater temperature obviously.It boosted up the yield by 32.4% and 54.2% in average over that of Control I and II, respectively.
4. Statistical analysis concluded that the coefficient variation of Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria was lower than other control groups. The hybrid had significant heterosis compared with line 7 and line LZZ in length, width, fresh weight and dry weight. The results of T test in main economic traits indicated that Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria was different population to other controls.
5. DNA fingerprints of Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria, its parent, source varieties of its parent and two controls were constructed by AFLP and SSR technology, genetic relationship was also analysized. The results showed that the relationship between Dongfang No.3 hybrid Laminaria and its parent was very near, and the same as that of the parent and its source varieties. Moreover, the hybrid could be distinguished with the two control varieties.
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