西安科技型中小企业产业集聚研究
|
摘要
本文以西安科技型中小企业产业集聚研究为主题，从理论探索、实证研究和策略分析三个方面进行研究。
本文首先分析了科技型中小企业的划分标准，并结合西安的实际情况定义了科技型中小企业。在基本理论部分，较为详细地研究了产业集聚的含义、形成原因和发展类型，并对科技型中小企业产业集聚发展的新特点、波特的影响产业集聚因素和科技型中小企业产业集聚的经济效应进行了分析。
其次，本文对西安科技型中小企业产业集聚发展进行了实证研究：第一，分析了西安科技型中小企业产业集聚从市场自发形成到政府扶持发展的两个阶段，通过对西安4000多家科技型中小企业的统计，显示了其集聚在主要以软件业为代表的电子信息产业、生物医药产业、光机电一体化产业和环保产业这四个领域。第二，结合专家评价找出了影响西安科技型中小企业产业集聚的主要因素，确定了不同影响因素的权重和重要度，并对西安和典型城市北京、深圳、成都的科技型中小企业的发展环境进行了比较分析，研究表明科技是西安最具优势的因素。根据评价结果，提出了西安科技型中小企业产业集聚主要存在的问题。第三，本文运用层次分析法对西安科技型中小企业最有利于产业集聚发展的重点行业进行了排序，指出电子信息产业是最有利于产业集聚发展的产业。在上述研究的基础上，本文提出西安科技型中小企业产业集聚应该建立横向的、纵向的和混合型的专业化分工、合作与竞争机制，并以软件业为例，研究了软件业中小企业产业集聚的发展机制。
本文最后提出了六点促进西安科技型中小企业产业集聚发展的策略，指出政府应率先转变思想、积极创新，加强专业孵化器建设，创造良好的外部环境；应加强“官产学研”的交流合作，促进西安科技型中小企业产业集聚的溢出效应的发挥；应该结合西安的科技比较优势，利用科技型中小企业产业集聚增长极效应，改造西安传统产业，并大力开拓新兴产业，最终促进我省“一线两带”的建设的发展。
The paper analyses Industrial Cluster of Small and Medium-sized Sci-tech Enterprises in Xi'an (ICSMSTEX) in three respects: theory exploration, positive research and strategy design.
At first with the help of the research of the clarifying standard of small and medium-sized sci-tech enterprises, it gives the definition of such enterprise under considering the fact of Xi'an. In basic theory part, it points out the theory of industrial cluster including reasons of development and categories, and also stress the new characters of cluster, diamonds model of Port, so as to research the economic effect of cluster.
In the positive research section, the paper studies mainly clustering areas of small and medium-sized sci-tech enterprises in Xi' an by the statistics of Xi' an High-tech Zone, which indicates the industries, including the Information technology (IT), especially the software, the biological & Pharmaceutical, the Optic-electronic-mechanical integration and the Environment protection, are dominant industries of cluster. With the help of experts' evaluation, it researches the important factors that influence of ICSMSTEX and the weight and degree of importance of each factor. It shows that science and technology is the comparison advantage in Xi' an by the research of other three typical cities, Beijing, Shenzhen and Chengdu. The conclusion of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) points out that IT industry is the most advantageous industry for the development of ICSMSTEX. However it also gives the main problems of ICSMSTEX and suggests that the lateral, longitudinal and miXi'ure economic ties should be built in o
rder to promote ICSMSTEX, the example of software was given in the neXi' part.
The conclusion can be drawn at last, that the government should change the idea firstly to innovate the function of good services. Specialized incubators are necessary out come of the development of general incubators and will even further meet the requirement of ICSMSTEX. The High-tech Zone should continue to provide enterprises overall quality
services so as to better foster innovative and market-competitive. To make full use of advantages of spillover effect of ICSMSTEX, ties among government, enterprises, colleges and institutes, should be set up. ICSMSTEX is a very important development pole to equip traditional industries with high technology and to enhance the economic standard of Shaanxi province.
本文首先分析了科技型中小企业的划分标准，并结合西安的实际情况定义了科技型中小企业。在基本理论部分，较为详细地研究了产业集聚的含义、形成原因和发展类型，并对科技型中小企业产业集聚发展的新特点、波特的影响产业集聚因素和科技型中小企业产业集聚的经济效应进行了分析。
其次，本文对西安科技型中小企业产业集聚发展进行了实证研究：第一，分析了西安科技型中小企业产业集聚从市场自发形成到政府扶持发展的两个阶段，通过对西安4000多家科技型中小企业的统计，显示了其集聚在主要以软件业为代表的电子信息产业、生物医药产业、光机电一体化产业和环保产业这四个领域。第二，结合专家评价找出了影响西安科技型中小企业产业集聚的主要因素，确定了不同影响因素的权重和重要度，并对西安和典型城市北京、深圳、成都的科技型中小企业的发展环境进行了比较分析，研究表明科技是西安最具优势的因素。根据评价结果，提出了西安科技型中小企业产业集聚主要存在的问题。第三，本文运用层次分析法对西安科技型中小企业最有利于产业集聚发展的重点行业进行了排序，指出电子信息产业是最有利于产业集聚发展的产业。在上述研究的基础上，本文提出西安科技型中小企业产业集聚应该建立横向的、纵向的和混合型的专业化分工、合作与竞争机制，并以软件业为例，研究了软件业中小企业产业集聚的发展机制。
本文最后提出了六点促进西安科技型中小企业产业集聚发展的策略，指出政府应率先转变思想、积极创新，加强专业孵化器建设，创造良好的外部环境；应加强“官产学研”的交流合作，促进西安科技型中小企业产业集聚的溢出效应的发挥；应该结合西安的科技比较优势，利用科技型中小企业产业集聚增长极效应，改造西安传统产业，并大力开拓新兴产业，最终促进我省“一线两带”的建设的发展。
The paper analyses Industrial Cluster of Small and Medium-sized Sci-tech Enterprises in Xi'an (ICSMSTEX) in three respects: theory exploration, positive research and strategy design.
At first with the help of the research of the clarifying standard of small and medium-sized sci-tech enterprises, it gives the definition of such enterprise under considering the fact of Xi'an. In basic theory part, it points out the theory of industrial cluster including reasons of development and categories, and also stress the new characters of cluster, diamonds model of Port, so as to research the economic effect of cluster.
In the positive research section, the paper studies mainly clustering areas of small and medium-sized sci-tech enterprises in Xi' an by the statistics of Xi' an High-tech Zone, which indicates the industries, including the Information technology (IT), especially the software, the biological & Pharmaceutical, the Optic-electronic-mechanical integration and the Environment protection, are dominant industries of cluster. With the help of experts' evaluation, it researches the important factors that influence of ICSMSTEX and the weight and degree of importance of each factor. It shows that science and technology is the comparison advantage in Xi' an by the research of other three typical cities, Beijing, Shenzhen and Chengdu. The conclusion of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) points out that IT industry is the most advantageous industry for the development of ICSMSTEX. However it also gives the main problems of ICSMSTEX and suggests that the lateral, longitudinal and miXi'ure economic ties should be built in o
rder to promote ICSMSTEX, the example of software was given in the neXi' part.
The conclusion can be drawn at last, that the government should change the idea firstly to innovate the function of good services. Specialized incubators are necessary out come of the development of general incubators and will even further meet the requirement of ICSMSTEX. The High-tech Zone should continue to provide enterprises overall quality
services so as to better foster innovative and market-competitive. To make full use of advantages of spillover effect of ICSMSTEX, ties among government, enterprises, colleges and institutes, should be set up. ICSMSTEX is a very important development pole to equip traditional industries with high technology and to enhance the economic standard of Shaanxi province.
引文
[1] 陕西省委、省政府．关于加快“一线两带”建设，实现关中跨越式发展的意见．陕发[2002]13号文件
[2] 马歇尔著，朱志泰译．经济学原理．商务印书馆，网络版
[3] 佩鲁．新发展观．华夏出版社，1987
[4] 波特．国家竞争优势．华夏出版社，2001
[5] Peter Gwynne. Directing Technology in Asia's Dragon. Technology Management Research, 1993(3): 13～15
[6] 张元智．基于企业核心竞争能力的产业集聚观点．2001a．人文杂志，2001(4)：72～77
[7] 张元智．产业集聚、竞争优势与西部开发．2001b．西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版)，2001(1)：5～10
[8] 刘乃全．外部性、递增收益与区域经济发展．外国经济与管理，2000，23(10)：43～48
[9] 刘乃全．产业集聚理论及其发展．上海财经大学学报，2002，(4)：22～28
[10] 刘柯杰．我国应实施促进产业集聚的城市发展战略．经济纵横，2002(1)：23～25
[11] 刘柯杰．知识外溢、产业集聚与地区高科技产业政策选择．生产力研究，2002，(1)：97～106
[12] 蓝海林，等．珠江三角洲地区中小企业集聚群成因研究．经济纵横，2002(3)：51～53
[13] 石培哲．产业集聚形成原因探析．经济师，2000，(3)：18～19
[14] 车维汉．论知识经济中企业经营模式和产业集聚的新变化．中国社会科学院研究生院学报，2000(6)：15～19
[15] 美国．中小企业法．1953
[16] 中国经营报．2003-3-24，第4版
[17] Richard W. Riche et al. High technology today and tomorrow: A small slice of the employment pie. Monthly Labor Review, 1983, (11):51
[18] William Lurker etc. Employment shift in high-technology industries 1988-96. Monthly Labor Review, 1997(7): 13
[19] 浙江省软科学研究所课题组．浙江省科技型中小企业的现状与对策．中共浙江省委党校学报，2001(1)
[20] 汪洋．今日科技．2001(4)：5
[21] Paul Krugman Increasing Returns and Economic Geography. Journal of Political Economics, 1999(3): 483～499
[22] Ellison, Glenn. The Geographic Concentration of Industry: Does Natural Advantage Explain Agglomeration? American Economic Review, 1999(2), 311～316
[23] 周起业，等．区域经济学．中国人民大学出版社，1989年第一版，64～78
[24] Michael E. Porter. Cluster and the New Economics of Competition. Harvard Business Review, 1998(11-12)
[25] Audrctsch. R&D Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation and Production, American Economic Review,1996, 86(3): 253～273.
[26] 匡致远．产业聚群与中小型高科技企业的发展．南方经济，2001(4)：13～15
[27] 理查德·达夫特．组织理论与设计精要．北京：机械工业出版社，1999
[28] 西安高新区内部资料．西安高新技术产业开发区2002年发展情况年度报告
[29] 西安市科学技术委员会内部资料
[30] 熊彼特，何畏 等译校．经济发展理论——对于利润、资本、信贷、利息和经济周期的考察．北极星书库
[31] 徐康宁，等．全球化、地区化与中国产业的新比较优势．江海学刊，2002(2)：78～83
[32] 陈宝森．当代美国经济．社会科学文献出版社，2001
[33] 林钰．美国市场经济体制．兰州大学出版社，1994
[34] William J. Baumol. Pareto Optimal Size of Innovation Spillovcrs. Princeton University Discussion Paper, 1999
[35] 林汉川．WTO与中小企业转型升级．经济管理出版社，2002
[36] Mary Amiti. Trade Liberalization and the Location of Manufacturing Firms. 1998
[37] 孙家广．制造业信息化的历史重任．中国制造业信息化，2003(1)：13～16
[38] 丁飞扬．服务市场引力强大IT企业纷纷转型．中国经营报，2002-8-12
[2] 马歇尔著，朱志泰译．经济学原理．商务印书馆，网络版
[3] 佩鲁．新发展观．华夏出版社，1987
[4] 波特．国家竞争优势．华夏出版社，2001
[5] Peter Gwynne. Directing Technology in Asia's Dragon. Technology Management Research, 1993(3): 13～15
[6] 张元智．基于企业核心竞争能力的产业集聚观点．2001a．人文杂志，2001(4)：72～77
[7] 张元智．产业集聚、竞争优势与西部开发．2001b．西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版)，2001(1)：5～10
[8] 刘乃全．外部性、递增收益与区域经济发展．外国经济与管理，2000，23(10)：43～48
[9] 刘乃全．产业集聚理论及其发展．上海财经大学学报，2002，(4)：22～28
[10] 刘柯杰．我国应实施促进产业集聚的城市发展战略．经济纵横，2002(1)：23～25
[11] 刘柯杰．知识外溢、产业集聚与地区高科技产业政策选择．生产力研究，2002，(1)：97～106
[12] 蓝海林，等．珠江三角洲地区中小企业集聚群成因研究．经济纵横，2002(3)：51～53
[13] 石培哲．产业集聚形成原因探析．经济师，2000，(3)：18～19
[14] 车维汉．论知识经济中企业经营模式和产业集聚的新变化．中国社会科学院研究生院学报，2000(6)：15～19
[15] 美国．中小企业法．1953
[16] 中国经营报．2003-3-24，第4版
[17] Richard W. Riche et al. High technology today and tomorrow: A small slice of the employment pie. Monthly Labor Review, 1983, (11):51
[18] William Lurker etc. Employment shift in high-technology industries 1988-96. Monthly Labor Review, 1997(7): 13
[19] 浙江省软科学研究所课题组．浙江省科技型中小企业的现状与对策．中共浙江省委党校学报，2001(1)
[20] 汪洋．今日科技．2001(4)：5
[21] Paul Krugman Increasing Returns and Economic Geography. Journal of Political Economics, 1999(3): 483～499
[22] Ellison, Glenn. The Geographic Concentration of Industry: Does Natural Advantage Explain Agglomeration? American Economic Review, 1999(2), 311～316
[23] 周起业，等．区域经济学．中国人民大学出版社，1989年第一版，64～78
[24] Michael E. Porter. Cluster and the New Economics of Competition. Harvard Business Review, 1998(11-12)
[25] Audrctsch. R&D Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation and Production, American Economic Review,1996, 86(3): 253～273.
[26] 匡致远．产业聚群与中小型高科技企业的发展．南方经济，2001(4)：13～15
[27] 理查德·达夫特．组织理论与设计精要．北京：机械工业出版社，1999
[28] 西安高新区内部资料．西安高新技术产业开发区2002年发展情况年度报告
[29] 西安市科学技术委员会内部资料
[30] 熊彼特，何畏 等译校．经济发展理论——对于利润、资本、信贷、利息和经济周期的考察．北极星书库
[31] 徐康宁，等．全球化、地区化与中国产业的新比较优势．江海学刊，2002(2)：78～83
[32] 陈宝森．当代美国经济．社会科学文献出版社，2001
[33] 林钰．美国市场经济体制．兰州大学出版社，1994
[34] William J. Baumol. Pareto Optimal Size of Innovation Spillovcrs. Princeton University Discussion Paper, 1999
[35] 林汉川．WTO与中小企业转型升级．经济管理出版社，2002
[36] Mary Amiti. Trade Liberalization and the Location of Manufacturing Firms. 1998
[37] 孙家广．制造业信息化的历史重任．中国制造业信息化，2003(1)：13～16
[38] 丁飞扬．服务市场引力强大IT企业纷纷转型．中国经营报，2002-8-12
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |