基于成员合作的高校创新团队组织有效性研究
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摘要
组织有效性是组织在提高组织绩效、满足利益相关者需要、实现组织可持续发展等三个方面的综合能力。大学创新团队作为一种优势资源的整合机制,是从事高水平科学研究和拔尖人才培养的有效形式,提高创新团队的组织有效性对加强大学科研能力具有重要意义。在知识密集型组织中,组织成员的合作是决定组织有效性的关键环节。因此,本文从组织成员合作出发研究合作因素对创新团队组织有效性的影响机制,对加强和改善高校创新团队管理、提高团队绩效、促进队伍建设和实现可持续发展具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文的主要研究内容如下:
(1)通过相关理论和研究成果综述,提出了本文的研究思路,建立了基于成员合作的组织有效性研究框架。从组织成员合作出发,围绕组织有效性问题,结合组织有效性理论、组织理论、知识管理理论、组织文化理论等相关理论的研究,对影响成员合作的组织外部环境因素、组织内部因素、成员因素进行归纳。根据分析结论提出了本文的研究前提:成员以个人目标优化为条件参与组织合作,组织目标优化受到成员目标优化的制约,即组织成员在个人目标优化条件下的合作投入是组织目标优化的资源约束。结合影响因素对成员目标和组织目标的影响关系,建立了基于成员合作的组织有效性研究框架。
(2)建立了基于成员合作的成员目标优化模型和基于组织目标优化的组织有效性模型。通过组织成员的合作行为、合作能力、合作关系对合作的收益、成本、风险影响特征分析,建立成员目标优化的博弈模型。通过把组织有效性作为组织目标的基本内容,建立基于组织目标优化的组织有效性函数:根据组织核心业务对组织目标的贡献关系,借鉴柯布道格拉斯生产函数建立目标函数;根据组织核心业务对组织人力资源的消耗关系建立了约束函数。通过把成员目标优化条件下的成员合作投入作为组织目标优化的资源约束,把成员目标优化、组织目标优化和组织有效性优化统一起来。结合建模,提出了影响机制的分析方法。
(3)根据理论研究,进行了面向高校创新团队的调研。根据成员的合作能力、合作关系、合作行为、成员目标优化、组织有效性操作化定义设计了测量量表。通过文献分析、问卷分析、访谈和实地考察,对高校科研创新团队进行调研,运用SPSS软件对有关变量测量结果进行计算,对成员目标优化和组织目标优化模型进行检验。
(4)运用模型对成员合作行为、合作能力、合作关系,以及组织的运行水平、核心业务选择偏好等因素对团队合作和组织有效性的影响机制进行计算,并对影响机制的形成原因和条件进行分析。在对策的影响机制分析、灵敏度分析、利用价值分析、作用关系分析的基础上,结合创新团队的实际情况,提出了基于成员合作的组织有效性理论模型,并从组织成员合作角度提出改善高校创新团队组织有效性的对策。
本文运用系统分析、定性分析和定量分析,理论分析和实证分析等研究方法,紧密围绕成员合作对创新团队组织有效性影响机制进行研究,建立了基于成员合作的组织有效性研究框架,建立了成员目标优化模型和基于组织目标优化的组织有效性模型,从微观视角研究成员合作对组织有效性的影响机制,并针对机制形成的条件和原因探讨改善创新团队组织有效性的对策,使对策更具针对性和实效性。
Organizational effectiveness is a synthetic competence of three aspects, comprising- improving the organization’s performance, satisfying the demands from profit relationships, and implementing sustainable development of the organization. Innovation teams in the universities, represent a conformity mechanism of predominant resources, and are efficient formats or person configurations for the pursuit of high level scientific research and the cultivation of knowledge for outstanding persons with ability. Improving organizational effectiveness of innovation teams is of great importance to the reinforcement of the universities’scientific research capability. In knowledge-intensive organizations, cooperation between each of the members is a key factor in determining organizational effectiveness. Consequently, this paper focused on the cooperation of organizational members, to investigate the influencing mechanisms which affect the innovation team’s organizational effectiveness, and the important theoretical and real significance of this, to intensify and reform management of innovation teams in the university, improve team performance, promote group construction and implement sustainable development through cooperative factors. This paper mostly investigated the following questions:
(1) With the summaries of related theories and investigation results, this paper brought forward an outline of investigation and established an investigation frame based on the organizational effectiveness of members’cooperation. This paper also tackled outside circumstance factors, inner factors, members’factors of the organization, all of which influenced cooperation between members from the different aspects of members’cooperation, surrounding organization’s validity, combining validity theory, organizational theory, knowledge management theory, organization’s culture theory and some other related theories. Based on the analytical results, this paper put forward its investigative preconditions: organizational members participate in cooperation with the condition of optimizing their personal objectives; optimization of organizational objectives must be based on its members’objective optimization; members’cooperative dedications under the condition of their own objective optimization are resource restrictions of their organizational objective optimization. In conjunction with the relationship of influencing factors upon members’objectives and the organizational objectives, this paper also established an investigative frame, on the basis of the organizational effectiveness of members’cooperation.
(2) This paper established model of members’objectives optimization based on members’cooperation, and an organizational effectiveness model based on organizational objective optimization. With the analysis of the influencing characters of members’cooperative behaviors, cooperative abilities and cooperative relationships upon income, cost and risk, this paper also established the game model of objective optimization of members. Regarding organizational effectiveness as the basic contents of organizational objectives, this paper established effectiveness function of organization, based on its objectives for optimization: established target functions according to the contributory relationships between organizational core business and its objective, using the Cobb-Douglas production function for reference; established constraint function on the basis of consume relationship between organization’s core business and its human resources. Using members cooperative dedication, under members’objectives optimizing conditions, such as the organization’s objective optimizing resource restriction, this model optimized and unified the members objectives optimization, organizational objectives optimization, and organizational effectiveness. Combined with the model, this paper put forward analysis methods of the influencing mechanisms.
(3) This paper investigated the innovation teams in the universities according to theoretical research. This paper designed measuring scales based on operational definition of the members’cooperative abilities, cooperative relationships, cooperative behaviors, members’objectives optimization and organizational objective optimization. With references analysis, questionnaire analysis, visit and review on the spot, this paper investigated the innovation teams in the universities, calculated the scale of related variables with SPSS software and verified the models of both members’objectives optimization and organizational objective optimization.
(4) The influencing mechanism of factors such as members’cooperative behaviors, cooperative abilities, cooperative relationships, runlevel of the organization and the choice inclination of core business upon team cooperation and organizational effectiveness was calculated with this model, the forming reasons and conditions of the influencing mechanism were also analyzed. On the basis of analysis on influencing mechanism, sensitivity, value in use and relationship, in combination with the innovation teams’real practice, countermeasures for the organizational effectiveness of innovation teams in the universities were put forward from the aspect of organizational members’ cooperation.
This paper used several analysis methods such as: systems analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, theoretical analysis and demonstrative analysis, tightly framing the influencing mechanism of members’cooperation upon innovation teams, established an organizational effectiveness research frame based on organizational members’cooperation, established model of members’objectives optimization, and an organizational effectiveness model based on organizational objective optimization, investigated the influencing mechanism of members cooperation upon organizational effectiveness from the microcosmic point of view; aimed at the conditions and reasons for forming the mechanism this paper also discussed the valid countermeasures implemented to improve innovation teams’organizational effect, creating countermeasures of more relevance and actual effect.
(1)通过相关理论和研究成果综述,提出了本文的研究思路,建立了基于成员合作的组织有效性研究框架。从组织成员合作出发,围绕组织有效性问题,结合组织有效性理论、组织理论、知识管理理论、组织文化理论等相关理论的研究,对影响成员合作的组织外部环境因素、组织内部因素、成员因素进行归纳。根据分析结论提出了本文的研究前提:成员以个人目标优化为条件参与组织合作,组织目标优化受到成员目标优化的制约,即组织成员在个人目标优化条件下的合作投入是组织目标优化的资源约束。结合影响因素对成员目标和组织目标的影响关系,建立了基于成员合作的组织有效性研究框架。
(2)建立了基于成员合作的成员目标优化模型和基于组织目标优化的组织有效性模型。通过组织成员的合作行为、合作能力、合作关系对合作的收益、成本、风险影响特征分析,建立成员目标优化的博弈模型。通过把组织有效性作为组织目标的基本内容,建立基于组织目标优化的组织有效性函数:根据组织核心业务对组织目标的贡献关系,借鉴柯布道格拉斯生产函数建立目标函数;根据组织核心业务对组织人力资源的消耗关系建立了约束函数。通过把成员目标优化条件下的成员合作投入作为组织目标优化的资源约束,把成员目标优化、组织目标优化和组织有效性优化统一起来。结合建模,提出了影响机制的分析方法。
(3)根据理论研究,进行了面向高校创新团队的调研。根据成员的合作能力、合作关系、合作行为、成员目标优化、组织有效性操作化定义设计了测量量表。通过文献分析、问卷分析、访谈和实地考察,对高校科研创新团队进行调研,运用SPSS软件对有关变量测量结果进行计算,对成员目标优化和组织目标优化模型进行检验。
(4)运用模型对成员合作行为、合作能力、合作关系,以及组织的运行水平、核心业务选择偏好等因素对团队合作和组织有效性的影响机制进行计算,并对影响机制的形成原因和条件进行分析。在对策的影响机制分析、灵敏度分析、利用价值分析、作用关系分析的基础上,结合创新团队的实际情况,提出了基于成员合作的组织有效性理论模型,并从组织成员合作角度提出改善高校创新团队组织有效性的对策。
本文运用系统分析、定性分析和定量分析,理论分析和实证分析等研究方法,紧密围绕成员合作对创新团队组织有效性影响机制进行研究,建立了基于成员合作的组织有效性研究框架,建立了成员目标优化模型和基于组织目标优化的组织有效性模型,从微观视角研究成员合作对组织有效性的影响机制,并针对机制形成的条件和原因探讨改善创新团队组织有效性的对策,使对策更具针对性和实效性。
Organizational effectiveness is a synthetic competence of three aspects, comprising- improving the organization’s performance, satisfying the demands from profit relationships, and implementing sustainable development of the organization. Innovation teams in the universities, represent a conformity mechanism of predominant resources, and are efficient formats or person configurations for the pursuit of high level scientific research and the cultivation of knowledge for outstanding persons with ability. Improving organizational effectiveness of innovation teams is of great importance to the reinforcement of the universities’scientific research capability. In knowledge-intensive organizations, cooperation between each of the members is a key factor in determining organizational effectiveness. Consequently, this paper focused on the cooperation of organizational members, to investigate the influencing mechanisms which affect the innovation team’s organizational effectiveness, and the important theoretical and real significance of this, to intensify and reform management of innovation teams in the university, improve team performance, promote group construction and implement sustainable development through cooperative factors. This paper mostly investigated the following questions:
(1) With the summaries of related theories and investigation results, this paper brought forward an outline of investigation and established an investigation frame based on the organizational effectiveness of members’cooperation. This paper also tackled outside circumstance factors, inner factors, members’factors of the organization, all of which influenced cooperation between members from the different aspects of members’cooperation, surrounding organization’s validity, combining validity theory, organizational theory, knowledge management theory, organization’s culture theory and some other related theories. Based on the analytical results, this paper put forward its investigative preconditions: organizational members participate in cooperation with the condition of optimizing their personal objectives; optimization of organizational objectives must be based on its members’objective optimization; members’cooperative dedications under the condition of their own objective optimization are resource restrictions of their organizational objective optimization. In conjunction with the relationship of influencing factors upon members’objectives and the organizational objectives, this paper also established an investigative frame, on the basis of the organizational effectiveness of members’cooperation.
(2) This paper established model of members’objectives optimization based on members’cooperation, and an organizational effectiveness model based on organizational objective optimization. With the analysis of the influencing characters of members’cooperative behaviors, cooperative abilities and cooperative relationships upon income, cost and risk, this paper also established the game model of objective optimization of members. Regarding organizational effectiveness as the basic contents of organizational objectives, this paper established effectiveness function of organization, based on its objectives for optimization: established target functions according to the contributory relationships between organizational core business and its objective, using the Cobb-Douglas production function for reference; established constraint function on the basis of consume relationship between organization’s core business and its human resources. Using members cooperative dedication, under members’objectives optimizing conditions, such as the organization’s objective optimizing resource restriction, this model optimized and unified the members objectives optimization, organizational objectives optimization, and organizational effectiveness. Combined with the model, this paper put forward analysis methods of the influencing mechanisms.
(3) This paper investigated the innovation teams in the universities according to theoretical research. This paper designed measuring scales based on operational definition of the members’cooperative abilities, cooperative relationships, cooperative behaviors, members’objectives optimization and organizational objective optimization. With references analysis, questionnaire analysis, visit and review on the spot, this paper investigated the innovation teams in the universities, calculated the scale of related variables with SPSS software and verified the models of both members’objectives optimization and organizational objective optimization.
(4) The influencing mechanism of factors such as members’cooperative behaviors, cooperative abilities, cooperative relationships, runlevel of the organization and the choice inclination of core business upon team cooperation and organizational effectiveness was calculated with this model, the forming reasons and conditions of the influencing mechanism were also analyzed. On the basis of analysis on influencing mechanism, sensitivity, value in use and relationship, in combination with the innovation teams’real practice, countermeasures for the organizational effectiveness of innovation teams in the universities were put forward from the aspect of organizational members’ cooperation.
This paper used several analysis methods such as: systems analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, theoretical analysis and demonstrative analysis, tightly framing the influencing mechanism of members’cooperation upon innovation teams, established an organizational effectiveness research frame based on organizational members’cooperation, established model of members’objectives optimization, and an organizational effectiveness model based on organizational objective optimization, investigated the influencing mechanism of members cooperation upon organizational effectiveness from the microcosmic point of view; aimed at the conditions and reasons for forming the mechanism this paper also discussed the valid countermeasures implemented to improve innovation teams’organizational effect, creating countermeasures of more relevance and actual effect.
引文
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