基于RRDOF的机电系统概念设计方法研究
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摘要
概念设计的本质是将设计问题定义为期望的功能，并求解能实现该功能的物理方案。该阶段的工作具有最大的创新空间，同时也具有巨大的不确定性与模糊性。现有的概念设计理论与方法虽然给设计者提供了一些大体上的方向性指导，但整个概念设计还蒙着神秘的面纱。因为，无论运用哪种现有方法进行概念设计，概念设计仍然很大程度地依赖于设计者的经验和灵感。
本文对功能的内涵进行了深入的研究，对Pahl&Beitz提出的功能定义进行改进，提出了一种更精炼、更严格的功能定义（RRDOF，A Refined and Rigorous Definition ofFunction）。以RRDOF为基础，沿着概念设计的基本过程，继而系统地提出了一套全新的机电系统概念设计方法。该方法能让设计者始终目标明确地运用物理知识开展设计工作。全文工作摘要如下：
（1）研究了功能的定义。综合系统论和工程上的观点，全面而深入地探究了功能的涵义；以Pahl&Beitz的功能定义为基础，提出了形式上更精炼、意义上更严格的功能定义RRDOF；详细阐述了RRDOF的特点并分析了它与Pahl&Beitz功能定义的不同之处，进一步提出了“图式+流的结构化描述”的功能描述方法。
（2）研究了功能推理方法。在RRDOF的基础上，提出了3条功能推理优先规则；根据规则1，提出了一个功能推理立方体模型并给出了立方体模型的定义及建造过程；根据规则2和规则3，研究了以单类流为主线的功能分解策略，归纳了立方体模型的主要特点并讨论了其适用范围。
（3）研究了方案求解方法。阐述了方案的组成要素和描述方法；研究了基于实例重用的方案求解方法，其中着重研究了实例库结构化设计和功能匹配策略；研究了基于物理原理的方案求解方法，提出了基于量纲分析进行物理原理搜索的设想。
（4）研究了方案综合及评价策略。阐述了RRDOF对方案综合的改进，指出了方案综合的本质是添加非功能构件；探究了反映客户共同需求的技术系统的一般评价指标；研究了基于匹配规则的方案综合方法和基于匹配函数的方案综合性能评价方法。
（5）进行了实例研究。分别将Pahl&Beitz提出的系统化方法和本文提出的概念设计方法应用于集成化沥青路面修补机器的设计，验证了本文所提出概念设计方法的可行性，展现了本文所提出概念设计方法的先进性。
The essence of the concept design is to define the design issues as desired functions,and to solve the solution of the physical program of the functions. The design work in thestage has the greatest innovation space as well as huge uncertainty and ambiguity. Theexisting theory and methods of concept design provide general guidance for designers, but thewhole concept design is also mysterious. Thus, regardless of any conceptual design method,conceptual design mostly depends on the designer's experience and inspiration rather thanknowledge.
Functions are always involved in the whole design concept process, so―function‖is acritical term. In this paper, through on the in-depth research of functions, we proposed aRefined and Rigorous Definition of Function (RRDOF) and then provided a comprehensivedesign method for conceptual design of mechatronic systems according to the basic process ofconcept design and based on the definition. With the new method, designers can carry out thedesign work with definite targets and based on physical knowledge. The whole contents aresummarized as follows:
(1) The function definition was studied. According to system theory and engineeringpoints, we comprehensively explore the meanings of the function. Based on the functiondefinition by Pahl&Beitz,"flow change", we proposed the refined and rigorous definition(RRDOF). Then we introduced the features of RRDOF and analyzed its difference with thefunction definition by Pahl&Beitz. In addition, we proposed the function representationmethod,"Structural descriptions with symbols plus flows".
(2) The function of reasoning method was studied. The three functional reasoningpriority rules were proposed based on RRDOF. According to Rule1, we proposed the cubemodel of functional reasoning and the description method and establishing process of thecube model. Then we summarized the main features of the cube model and discussed itsapplication scope. According to Rule2and Rule3, we studied functional decompositionstrategies of the flows of materials, energy and information.
(3) Concept solving method was studied. Based on the elements and description methodof the solution, we studied direct mapping solving approach (function→solution) based onexample reutilization and focused on RRDOF-based functionality search strategies andstructured design of example library. Then we studied the concept solving method based on physical principles and focused on solving strategies of physical principles based ondimensionality analysis.
(4) Solution synthesizing and evaluation strategies were studied. Based on the newfeatures of RRDOF, we proposed that the essence of solution synthesizing was to addnon-functional components. Then we explored general evaluation indexes of technicalsystems to reflect the common requirements of customers and provided two synthesizing andevaluation methods respectively based on matching rule and matching functions.
(5) We provided example study. The proposed conceptual design method was applied todesign the brand-new integrated road mending machine (IRMM) to gradually show the wholeprocess of the conceptual design. In contrast to the systematic model by Pahl&Beitz, theproposed method was feasible and advanced in functional reasoning.
本文对功能的内涵进行了深入的研究，对Pahl&Beitz提出的功能定义进行改进，提出了一种更精炼、更严格的功能定义（RRDOF，A Refined and Rigorous Definition ofFunction）。以RRDOF为基础，沿着概念设计的基本过程，继而系统地提出了一套全新的机电系统概念设计方法。该方法能让设计者始终目标明确地运用物理知识开展设计工作。全文工作摘要如下：
（1）研究了功能的定义。综合系统论和工程上的观点，全面而深入地探究了功能的涵义；以Pahl&Beitz的功能定义为基础，提出了形式上更精炼、意义上更严格的功能定义RRDOF；详细阐述了RRDOF的特点并分析了它与Pahl&Beitz功能定义的不同之处，进一步提出了“图式+流的结构化描述”的功能描述方法。
（2）研究了功能推理方法。在RRDOF的基础上，提出了3条功能推理优先规则；根据规则1，提出了一个功能推理立方体模型并给出了立方体模型的定义及建造过程；根据规则2和规则3，研究了以单类流为主线的功能分解策略，归纳了立方体模型的主要特点并讨论了其适用范围。
（3）研究了方案求解方法。阐述了方案的组成要素和描述方法；研究了基于实例重用的方案求解方法，其中着重研究了实例库结构化设计和功能匹配策略；研究了基于物理原理的方案求解方法，提出了基于量纲分析进行物理原理搜索的设想。
（4）研究了方案综合及评价策略。阐述了RRDOF对方案综合的改进，指出了方案综合的本质是添加非功能构件；探究了反映客户共同需求的技术系统的一般评价指标；研究了基于匹配规则的方案综合方法和基于匹配函数的方案综合性能评价方法。
（5）进行了实例研究。分别将Pahl&Beitz提出的系统化方法和本文提出的概念设计方法应用于集成化沥青路面修补机器的设计，验证了本文所提出概念设计方法的可行性，展现了本文所提出概念设计方法的先进性。
The essence of the concept design is to define the design issues as desired functions,and to solve the solution of the physical program of the functions. The design work in thestage has the greatest innovation space as well as huge uncertainty and ambiguity. Theexisting theory and methods of concept design provide general guidance for designers, but thewhole concept design is also mysterious. Thus, regardless of any conceptual design method,conceptual design mostly depends on the designer's experience and inspiration rather thanknowledge.
Functions are always involved in the whole design concept process, so―function‖is acritical term. In this paper, through on the in-depth research of functions, we proposed aRefined and Rigorous Definition of Function (RRDOF) and then provided a comprehensivedesign method for conceptual design of mechatronic systems according to the basic process ofconcept design and based on the definition. With the new method, designers can carry out thedesign work with definite targets and based on physical knowledge. The whole contents aresummarized as follows:
(1) The function definition was studied. According to system theory and engineeringpoints, we comprehensively explore the meanings of the function. Based on the functiondefinition by Pahl&Beitz,"flow change", we proposed the refined and rigorous definition(RRDOF). Then we introduced the features of RRDOF and analyzed its difference with thefunction definition by Pahl&Beitz. In addition, we proposed the function representationmethod,"Structural descriptions with symbols plus flows".
(2) The function of reasoning method was studied. The three functional reasoningpriority rules were proposed based on RRDOF. According to Rule1, we proposed the cubemodel of functional reasoning and the description method and establishing process of thecube model. Then we summarized the main features of the cube model and discussed itsapplication scope. According to Rule2and Rule3, we studied functional decompositionstrategies of the flows of materials, energy and information.
(3) Concept solving method was studied. Based on the elements and description methodof the solution, we studied direct mapping solving approach (function→solution) based onexample reutilization and focused on RRDOF-based functionality search strategies andstructured design of example library. Then we studied the concept solving method based on physical principles and focused on solving strategies of physical principles based ondimensionality analysis.
(4) Solution synthesizing and evaluation strategies were studied. Based on the newfeatures of RRDOF, we proposed that the essence of solution synthesizing was to addnon-functional components. Then we explored general evaluation indexes of technicalsystems to reflect the common requirements of customers and provided two synthesizing andevaluation methods respectively based on matching rule and matching functions.
(5) We provided example study. The proposed conceptual design method was applied todesign the brand-new integrated road mending machine (IRMM) to gradually show the wholeprocess of the conceptual design. In contrast to the systematic model by Pahl&Beitz, theproposed method was feasible and advanced in functional reasoning.
引文
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