企业网络能力、跨组织知识管理与创新绩效的关系研究
|
摘要
创新一直都是管理学界一个热点话题。彼得·德鲁克的至理名言“不创新即灭亡”更显示出了创新对企业生存的重要性。早期创新被认为只是一个个发散的单个事件,但随着经济的不断发展和竞争的加剧,创新已发展成为一种连续的过程。Garcia和Calantone (2002)就认为,创新的过程是反复的,是从第一次创新开始到后续的持续改进。创新是一个行业和一个企业和谐发展的不竭动力,对于制造行业更是如此。比尔·盖茨(2008)曾说过“创新如果管理得好的话,就可以改变世界”。
制造业是我国国民经济的物质基础和生产主体,其发展水平是国家科技水平和综合实力的重要标志,也是发挥后发优势、实施跨越发展战略的中坚力量。但是通过对我国制造业企业的实际调查,发现这些企业普遍存在以下几方面的劣势：一是技术开发与技术创新能力薄弱,缺乏具有自主知识产权的核心技术,原创新产品和技术较少；二是管理落后,组织结构不合理,内部运行效率低下；三是基础设施依然薄弱,销售网络不健全,多数企业依赖于OEM和加工贸易出口,其产品附加值低、利润少、竞争力弱；四是缺少具有国际竞争力的大型企业和独立的自主品牌。另外,在全球市场,跨国公司凭借强大的综合实力对我国制造企业层层盘剥,以抑制我国制造企业的发展。在国内市场,经济的复苏使物价开始新一轮的增长,生产原材料、交通运输、能源、劳动力等的价格越来越高,加上人民币的稳步升值,给一贯依靠低成本竞争的我国制造业带来了新的危机。“十二五规划”提出了“加快产业结构调整、制造业由低端向高端转变”的发展目标,为制造业企业带来了新的发展机遇。面对新的机遇和挑战,我国制造业企业如何通过对生产、经营、管理和营销各方面进行创新,以完成从成本优势向技术优势转型,这将是一个非常现实的重要课题。
随着创新进程的推进、技术复杂和难度的提高,创新的复杂性和不确定性加剧了创新的难度和风险,新产品开发或工艺改进需要大量的、不同领域的知识和技能,单一企业所拥有的有限资源已无法满足创新的要求。因此,在开放创新体系下,获取外部知识的能力变得越来越重要。加上网络化和信息化的发展,企业无法将创新价值链的全部活动都纳入到企业内部完成,传统的只靠组织内部知识和信息的“闭门造车”式的创新已无法适应产品更新迅速的新时代。并且,创新过程由于存在很多不确定的因素,创新最终可能会失败,这样企业不仅难以达到预期目标而且无法收回前期投入的资金,给企业带来巨大的经济损失。因此,为了转移创新风险和创新压力,不少企业开始转变创新模式,积极同外部科研机构、高校院所、竞争对手等组织合作。创新不再是简单的原子式过程,而是一个交互合作的过程,也是一个不断形成企业合作创新网络的过程,企业需要整合网络伙伴中的各种资源来提高创新的成功率(Bougrain & Haudeville,2002).所以企业能动地通过网络关系和网络位置获得和整合跨组织知识将是产生竞争优势的另一途径。
本文的研究目的是探索在中国企业经营管理实践的背景下,处理内外关系的网络能力对制造业企业创新绩效的作用机理,其中包括跨组织知识管理的中介效应和学习导向的调节效应,从而为提升我国制造业企业创新绩效提供科学的理论依据。
(1)明确网络能力的概念和结构维度。网络能力是一个比较新的研究概念,尤其在国内的管理研究领域中起步较晚。明确网络能力的概念和结构维度是进一步展开研究的基础。
(2)明确网络环境下跨组织知识管理的概念和结构维度。有关知识管理的研究很多,但由于网络环境的出现和企业合作的频繁,对知识的管理不能仅限于企业内部,应将研究视角和理论探索拓展到企业外部,关注跨组织边界流动在网络中的知识。
(3)探讨企业网络能力对创新绩效的影响机理。本研究引入跨组织知识管理的两个维度作为中介变量,探寻企业网络能力影响创新绩效的内在机理。
(4)探讨企业学习导向的调节作用。学习导向对企业经营非常重要,本研究探讨学习导向在网络能力对跨组织知识管理影响中的调节作用。
在整个研究中,本文注重理论与实践的结合,采用了规范研究与实证研究相结合的方法,具体来说,包含如下的研究方法：
(1)文献资料法：本文在研究目标和研究问题的指引下,利用图书馆所提供的数据库系统和相关搜索引擎,对国内外已有的相关文献和资料进行检索、阅读、归纳和总结,以了解已有的研究成果和最新的研究动态。在综合分析国内外学术界对相关问题研究的基础上,展开对网络能力的研究。
(2)访谈法：在正式进行数据收集之前,访谈是提供构思、测量变量的最好来源。在访谈之前,首先要拟好访谈提纲和访谈计划,然后根据一定的访谈程序对相关人员进行访谈。
(3)问卷调查法：问卷调查法是本研究收集研究数据的主要方法。它包括调查问卷的设计、发卷发放、问卷回收三个步骤。
(4)数据分析与处理：本文对各类数据进行了相应的分析处理,分析方法包括信度分析、因子分析、回归分析和结构方程分析等,分析时所采用的软件工具为SPSS for Windows 16.0和AMOS 6.0。
在明确研究背景和研究目的的基础上,本文的研究内容按照以下的结构安排：
第一章绪论。首先阐述了本论文的研究背景、研究动机、研究目的、研究意义、研究方法、技术路线,最后说明了整篇论文的结构安排和研究创新。
第二章文献综述。首先对本论文的理论基础进行了深入系统的回顾,分别是社会网络相关理论、企业能力理论、知识管理理论,接着对创新绩效、企业网络能力、网络能力与创新关系的相关文献进行了简要介绍,并进行了相应的评述。
第三章概念模型和理论假设。首先对网络能力、跨组织知识管理的概念和维度进行了重新界定,其次根据已有研究成果,在逻辑推理的基础上构建了本研究的概念模型,并进一步提出了跨组织知识管理在网络能力与创新绩效之间中介作用的相关假设,以及学习导向对网络能力与跨组织知识管理之间调节作用的相关假设。
第四章问卷设计与修正。包括问卷设计的原则与程序,网络能力、跨组织知识管理、创新绩效和学习导向测量量表的设计过程,并通过预测试对量表进行纯化,最后运用信度检验、探索性因子分析、共同方法偏差检验等方法对问卷的可靠性进行了检验。
第五章研究假设检验。通过收集与处理样本数据,运用结构方程建模方法,对调查问卷的信度、效度及相关研究假设进行检验,并对检验结果进行分析。
第六章研究结论与展望。首先,总结本研究的结论,归纳研究结论的理论贡献与实践启示；最后,分析本研究的不足之处,指出未来研究的方向并提出建议。
本文通过以上的分析和研究,主要创新点有以下几方面：
第一,基于企业内外网络视角,重新界定了网络能力的概念模型。
有关企业网络能力的内涵和构成,学者们并没有形成一致的观点。另外,以往对网络能力的研究往往只关注企业外部网络的管理,忽略了企业内部网络的管理。本文在综合以往对网络能力的研究基础之上,结合企业内外网络视角,将网络能力划分为四个维度,分别是网络愿景能力、网络构建能力、关系优化能力和内部协作能力,并就其概念和内容进行了详细阐述,后通过收集国内制造业企业的数据,验证了本文对网络能力的模型构建。相对于一些对网络能力单维度测量的研究而言,本研究的四维测量更加全面,能够充分体现网络能力的资格和任务层、内部和外部网络管理能力的结构体系。
第二,在网络能力与企业创新的研究中,引入跨组织知识管理作为中介变量,开启一个新的研究视角。
以往对知识管理的研究多局限于组织内部,少有跨边界进行知识管理。本研究根据知识管理理论,归纳出跨组织知识管理的含义,即企业利用自身的网络位置和网络关系,通过一连串的跨组织知识活动以协助企业有效利用组织边界内外的知识,最终达到提高组织业绩的目的。并通过回顾知识管理的过程模型,将跨组织知识管理的维度划分为跨组织知识获取和跨组织知识整合。本研究基于社会网络理论和企业能力理论,在企业网络能力与创新之间引入跨组织知识管理作为中介变量,为研究网络能力与创新绩效之间的关系开启了一个新的研究视角。
第三,构建并检验了基于企业网络能力和跨组织知识管理的创新绩效提升路径关系模型。
首先,以社会网络理论和企业能力理论为背景,将网络能力作为跨组织知识管理的重要前因变量,探讨了网络能力的四个维度分别对跨组织知识获取和跨组织知识整合的影响；其次,根据知识基础论观点和创新影响因素的研究,提出跨组织知识管理对创新绩效的影响作用；最后,根据组织学习理论,提出学习导向在网络能力与跨组织知识获取、网络能力与跨组织知识整合中的调节作用,并通过数据收集验证其调节作用,帮助解释部分网络能力相近的企业有不同的跨组织知识管理能力。
Innovation has always been a hot topic in the management circles. P. Drucker's wisdom "not to innovate is to perish" further demonstrates the importance of innovation to business survival. Early innovations are considered only one divergence of a single event, but with the continuous development of the economy and increasing competition, innovation has become a continuous process of development. Garcia and Calantone (2002) believe that innovation process is a continuous process, from the commencement of the first innovations to the continuous improvement of follow-up. Innovation is an industry and an inexhaustible motive force for enterprise harmonious development, especially for the manufacturing industry. Bill Gates (2008) once said, "if we manage innovation well, you can change the world".
Manufacturing industry is the material foundation and principal production of the national economy in China, their level of development is the important symbol of national scientific and technological level and overall strength, is also a play to the advantage of backbone, implement leap-forward development strategy. But through the actual investigation of China manufacturing enterprise, we found these enterprises general exist following several aspects of disadvantage:First, the abilities of technology development and technology innovation are weak, lacking core technology of independent intellectual property, original new products and technology are less; Second, management is backward, organization structure is not reasonable, internal run efficiency is low; Third, foundation facilities still weak, sales network is not sound, most enterprises rely on OEM and processing trade exports, its low value-added products, less profits and weak competitiveness. Fourth, they lack of internationally competitive large enterprises and the independent brand. In addition, in the global markets, Multinational corporations with strong comprehensive strength exploit our manufacturing enterprises as to suppress the development of manufacturing enterprises in China. In domestic market, economic recovery has made the prices begin a new round of growth, the price of the production of raw material, transportation, energy, labor etc. are getting higher and higher. Moreover, the steady appreciation of RMB brings a new crisis to Chinese manufacturing enterprises which are consistently rely on low cost competition. "Twelve Five-Year Plan" proposed some development goals that can accelerate industrial structure adjustment, change in manufacturing from low to high end, which will bring new developmental opportunities for manufacturing enterprises. Faced with new opportunities and challenges, how Chinese manufacturing enterprises achieve the innovation of production, management, management and marketing, to complete the transition from cost advantages to the technical advantages, this will be a very real and important issue.
Innovative complexity and uncertainty have intensified the difficulties and risks of innovative, In order to distract the risk and pressure of innovation, some enterprise began to change innovation mode. To establish their own cooperation network, they have positive cooperate with external research institutions, universities institutes, rival groups and so on. So enterprise dynamically through network relationship and location to obtain and integrate inter-organization knowledge, which will be another way to produce a competitive advantage.
This paper is based on the above research background, its objectives mainly has following several points:
(1) Clear the concept and structural dimensions of network capability. Network capability is a relatively new research concept, especially starting late in the research field of domestic management. It is clear that the concept and structural dimensions of network capabilities is based for further research.
(2) Clear the concepts of knowledge management and structure dimension of inter-organization under the network environment. There are a lot of studies about knowledge management, But because of the emergence of network environment and frequent enterprises cooperation, knowledge management can't confined to the enterprise interior, but it should extend the research perspective to the enterprise external organization boundary, meanwhile pay attention to the knowledge of inter-organization boundaries that flow in the network.
(3) Discuss the enterprise network capability on influence mechanism of innovation performance. This research has been introduced inter-organization knowledge management to two dimensions as intermediary variable, exploring enterprise network capabilities to influence on the inner mechanism innovation performance.
(4) Discuss the moderating effects of enterprise learning orientation. Learning orientation is very important for the enterprise management. This research has explored the ability to guide the network of inter-organizational knowledge management in the regulation.
Throughout the study, the research methods adopted are as follows:
(1) Literature material method:this thesis has been provided by using library of database systems and relevant search engine, and retrieving, reading, summarizing and concluding the existing relevant documents and information at home and abroad.
(2) Interview method:prior to the official data collection, interview is to provide the best source of ideas and measure variables.
(3) Questionnaire method: study on questionnaire method is the primary way to collect research data. It includes questionnaire design, the volume of issuance, and questionnaire recovery of three steps.
(4) Data analysis and processing:this analysis methods include reliability analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis and structural equation analysis ect. The Software tools of SPSS Windows 16.0 and AMOS 6.0 was used for analysis.
On the basis of a clear background and research purposes, this article on the arrangements for content in accordance with the following structure:
ChapterⅠ, introduction. First, this paper describes the research background, motivation, study purpose, research significance, research methods, techniques, and finally the entire structure arrangement and research innovation of the entire thesis.
ChapterⅡ,literature review. First of all, review the theoretical basis of this paper in an in-depth system, namely, social network theory, enterprise competence theory, theory of knowledge management, then briefly introduce the innovation performance, enterprise network, network capability and innovation of related literature and make the appropriate comments.
ChapterⅢ, conceptual model and theoretical assumptions. First, redefines the network capability and the concepts and dimensions of inter-organizational knowledge management. Then, according to the existing research results, based on logical reasoning, to construct a conceptual model of this study, and further puts forward the related hypothesis of inter-organization knowledge management in intermediary function of between network ability and innovative performance, it is analyzed that learning orientation has been adjust effect for between network capabilities and inter-organization knowledge management.
ChapterⅣ, questionnaire design and fixed. Including questionnaire design principle and procedure, the design of variable scale and purification through the prediction on the scale, finally, application reliability testing, exploratory factor analysis, common method biases test method etc to test the reliability of the questionnaire.
ChapterⅤ, study on hypothesis testing. By collecting and processing samples, using structural equation modeling method, testing reliability and validity of the questionnaire and the related research hypothesis, and to analyze the test results.
ChapterⅥ, research conclusion and prospect. First, to sum up the research conclusion, summarized theoretical contribution and practical implications of the conclusions of the study; Finally, analysis of deficiencies of this study, pointed out the future direction and recommendations of the study.
Through the above analysis and research in this thesis, major innovations have the following several aspects:
First, based on the enterprise's internal and external network perspective, redefines the A conceptual model of network capability.
Scholars do not form a consistent view about the connotation of network capability and composition. In addition, previous research tends to focus on the management of enterprise external networks, ignoring the management of the enterprise's internal network. This thesis summarized the scholars on previous network capability of research, combined with enterprise's internal and external network perspective, network capability has been divided into four dimensions, Specific including network vision ability, network construction ability, relations optimization ability and internal cooperation ability, and through collecting the data of domestic manufacturing enterprise, Verified this thesis about the model building of network capabilities.
Second, in the network capability and enterprise innovation of research, introducing inter-organization knowledge management as intermediate variable, open a new study perspective.
The study according to knowledge management theory, concludes the meaning of inter-organization knowledge management, namely enterprise use its own network location and network relations, through a series of inter-organization knowledge activities to assist enterprise in making effective use of the organization boundary inside and outside of knowledge. Finally, achieve the purpose of improving organizational performance. And through reviewing the process model of knowledge management, inter-organization knowledge management dimensions will be divided into inter-organization knowledge acquisition and inter-organization knowledge integration. Meanwhile, based on the social network theory and enterprise competence theory, introducing the inter-organization knowledge management as intermediary variable in between enterprise network ability and innovative, in order to research between network capability and innovative performance of relationship, this will open a new study perspective.
Third, build and examined the ascension path of relationship model for innovation performances which are based on enterprise network capability and inter-organization knowledge management.
First, take social network theory and enterprise competence theory as the background, the network capability is viewed as an important antecedent of inter-organization knowledge management, it is discussed that four dimensions of the network capability impact on the inter-organization knowledge acquisition and the inter-organization knowledge integration; Secondly, according to the former study of the innovation essence and the factors which influence the innovation, and put forward inter-organization knowledge management for the influence of innovation performance; Finally, according to organizational learning theory, this thesis proposes the regulatory role of learning orientation for between network capability and inter-organization knowledge acquisition and network capability and inter-organization knowledge integration.
制造业是我国国民经济的物质基础和生产主体,其发展水平是国家科技水平和综合实力的重要标志,也是发挥后发优势、实施跨越发展战略的中坚力量。但是通过对我国制造业企业的实际调查,发现这些企业普遍存在以下几方面的劣势：一是技术开发与技术创新能力薄弱,缺乏具有自主知识产权的核心技术,原创新产品和技术较少；二是管理落后,组织结构不合理,内部运行效率低下；三是基础设施依然薄弱,销售网络不健全,多数企业依赖于OEM和加工贸易出口,其产品附加值低、利润少、竞争力弱；四是缺少具有国际竞争力的大型企业和独立的自主品牌。另外,在全球市场,跨国公司凭借强大的综合实力对我国制造企业层层盘剥,以抑制我国制造企业的发展。在国内市场,经济的复苏使物价开始新一轮的增长,生产原材料、交通运输、能源、劳动力等的价格越来越高,加上人民币的稳步升值,给一贯依靠低成本竞争的我国制造业带来了新的危机。“十二五规划”提出了“加快产业结构调整、制造业由低端向高端转变”的发展目标,为制造业企业带来了新的发展机遇。面对新的机遇和挑战,我国制造业企业如何通过对生产、经营、管理和营销各方面进行创新,以完成从成本优势向技术优势转型,这将是一个非常现实的重要课题。
随着创新进程的推进、技术复杂和难度的提高,创新的复杂性和不确定性加剧了创新的难度和风险,新产品开发或工艺改进需要大量的、不同领域的知识和技能,单一企业所拥有的有限资源已无法满足创新的要求。因此,在开放创新体系下,获取外部知识的能力变得越来越重要。加上网络化和信息化的发展,企业无法将创新价值链的全部活动都纳入到企业内部完成,传统的只靠组织内部知识和信息的“闭门造车”式的创新已无法适应产品更新迅速的新时代。并且,创新过程由于存在很多不确定的因素,创新最终可能会失败,这样企业不仅难以达到预期目标而且无法收回前期投入的资金,给企业带来巨大的经济损失。因此,为了转移创新风险和创新压力,不少企业开始转变创新模式,积极同外部科研机构、高校院所、竞争对手等组织合作。创新不再是简单的原子式过程,而是一个交互合作的过程,也是一个不断形成企业合作创新网络的过程,企业需要整合网络伙伴中的各种资源来提高创新的成功率(Bougrain & Haudeville,2002).所以企业能动地通过网络关系和网络位置获得和整合跨组织知识将是产生竞争优势的另一途径。
本文的研究目的是探索在中国企业经营管理实践的背景下,处理内外关系的网络能力对制造业企业创新绩效的作用机理,其中包括跨组织知识管理的中介效应和学习导向的调节效应,从而为提升我国制造业企业创新绩效提供科学的理论依据。
(1)明确网络能力的概念和结构维度。网络能力是一个比较新的研究概念,尤其在国内的管理研究领域中起步较晚。明确网络能力的概念和结构维度是进一步展开研究的基础。
(2)明确网络环境下跨组织知识管理的概念和结构维度。有关知识管理的研究很多,但由于网络环境的出现和企业合作的频繁,对知识的管理不能仅限于企业内部,应将研究视角和理论探索拓展到企业外部,关注跨组织边界流动在网络中的知识。
(3)探讨企业网络能力对创新绩效的影响机理。本研究引入跨组织知识管理的两个维度作为中介变量,探寻企业网络能力影响创新绩效的内在机理。
(4)探讨企业学习导向的调节作用。学习导向对企业经营非常重要,本研究探讨学习导向在网络能力对跨组织知识管理影响中的调节作用。
在整个研究中,本文注重理论与实践的结合,采用了规范研究与实证研究相结合的方法,具体来说,包含如下的研究方法：
(1)文献资料法：本文在研究目标和研究问题的指引下,利用图书馆所提供的数据库系统和相关搜索引擎,对国内外已有的相关文献和资料进行检索、阅读、归纳和总结,以了解已有的研究成果和最新的研究动态。在综合分析国内外学术界对相关问题研究的基础上,展开对网络能力的研究。
(2)访谈法：在正式进行数据收集之前,访谈是提供构思、测量变量的最好来源。在访谈之前,首先要拟好访谈提纲和访谈计划,然后根据一定的访谈程序对相关人员进行访谈。
(3)问卷调查法：问卷调查法是本研究收集研究数据的主要方法。它包括调查问卷的设计、发卷发放、问卷回收三个步骤。
(4)数据分析与处理：本文对各类数据进行了相应的分析处理,分析方法包括信度分析、因子分析、回归分析和结构方程分析等,分析时所采用的软件工具为SPSS for Windows 16.0和AMOS 6.0。
在明确研究背景和研究目的的基础上,本文的研究内容按照以下的结构安排：
第一章绪论。首先阐述了本论文的研究背景、研究动机、研究目的、研究意义、研究方法、技术路线,最后说明了整篇论文的结构安排和研究创新。
第二章文献综述。首先对本论文的理论基础进行了深入系统的回顾,分别是社会网络相关理论、企业能力理论、知识管理理论,接着对创新绩效、企业网络能力、网络能力与创新关系的相关文献进行了简要介绍,并进行了相应的评述。
第三章概念模型和理论假设。首先对网络能力、跨组织知识管理的概念和维度进行了重新界定,其次根据已有研究成果,在逻辑推理的基础上构建了本研究的概念模型,并进一步提出了跨组织知识管理在网络能力与创新绩效之间中介作用的相关假设,以及学习导向对网络能力与跨组织知识管理之间调节作用的相关假设。
第四章问卷设计与修正。包括问卷设计的原则与程序,网络能力、跨组织知识管理、创新绩效和学习导向测量量表的设计过程,并通过预测试对量表进行纯化,最后运用信度检验、探索性因子分析、共同方法偏差检验等方法对问卷的可靠性进行了检验。
第五章研究假设检验。通过收集与处理样本数据,运用结构方程建模方法,对调查问卷的信度、效度及相关研究假设进行检验,并对检验结果进行分析。
第六章研究结论与展望。首先,总结本研究的结论,归纳研究结论的理论贡献与实践启示；最后,分析本研究的不足之处,指出未来研究的方向并提出建议。
本文通过以上的分析和研究,主要创新点有以下几方面：
第一,基于企业内外网络视角,重新界定了网络能力的概念模型。
有关企业网络能力的内涵和构成,学者们并没有形成一致的观点。另外,以往对网络能力的研究往往只关注企业外部网络的管理,忽略了企业内部网络的管理。本文在综合以往对网络能力的研究基础之上,结合企业内外网络视角,将网络能力划分为四个维度,分别是网络愿景能力、网络构建能力、关系优化能力和内部协作能力,并就其概念和内容进行了详细阐述,后通过收集国内制造业企业的数据,验证了本文对网络能力的模型构建。相对于一些对网络能力单维度测量的研究而言,本研究的四维测量更加全面,能够充分体现网络能力的资格和任务层、内部和外部网络管理能力的结构体系。
第二,在网络能力与企业创新的研究中,引入跨组织知识管理作为中介变量,开启一个新的研究视角。
以往对知识管理的研究多局限于组织内部,少有跨边界进行知识管理。本研究根据知识管理理论,归纳出跨组织知识管理的含义,即企业利用自身的网络位置和网络关系,通过一连串的跨组织知识活动以协助企业有效利用组织边界内外的知识,最终达到提高组织业绩的目的。并通过回顾知识管理的过程模型,将跨组织知识管理的维度划分为跨组织知识获取和跨组织知识整合。本研究基于社会网络理论和企业能力理论,在企业网络能力与创新之间引入跨组织知识管理作为中介变量,为研究网络能力与创新绩效之间的关系开启了一个新的研究视角。
第三,构建并检验了基于企业网络能力和跨组织知识管理的创新绩效提升路径关系模型。
首先,以社会网络理论和企业能力理论为背景,将网络能力作为跨组织知识管理的重要前因变量,探讨了网络能力的四个维度分别对跨组织知识获取和跨组织知识整合的影响；其次,根据知识基础论观点和创新影响因素的研究,提出跨组织知识管理对创新绩效的影响作用；最后,根据组织学习理论,提出学习导向在网络能力与跨组织知识获取、网络能力与跨组织知识整合中的调节作用,并通过数据收集验证其调节作用,帮助解释部分网络能力相近的企业有不同的跨组织知识管理能力。
Innovation has always been a hot topic in the management circles. P. Drucker's wisdom "not to innovate is to perish" further demonstrates the importance of innovation to business survival. Early innovations are considered only one divergence of a single event, but with the continuous development of the economy and increasing competition, innovation has become a continuous process of development. Garcia and Calantone (2002) believe that innovation process is a continuous process, from the commencement of the first innovations to the continuous improvement of follow-up. Innovation is an industry and an inexhaustible motive force for enterprise harmonious development, especially for the manufacturing industry. Bill Gates (2008) once said, "if we manage innovation well, you can change the world".
Manufacturing industry is the material foundation and principal production of the national economy in China, their level of development is the important symbol of national scientific and technological level and overall strength, is also a play to the advantage of backbone, implement leap-forward development strategy. But through the actual investigation of China manufacturing enterprise, we found these enterprises general exist following several aspects of disadvantage:First, the abilities of technology development and technology innovation are weak, lacking core technology of independent intellectual property, original new products and technology are less; Second, management is backward, organization structure is not reasonable, internal run efficiency is low; Third, foundation facilities still weak, sales network is not sound, most enterprises rely on OEM and processing trade exports, its low value-added products, less profits and weak competitiveness. Fourth, they lack of internationally competitive large enterprises and the independent brand. In addition, in the global markets, Multinational corporations with strong comprehensive strength exploit our manufacturing enterprises as to suppress the development of manufacturing enterprises in China. In domestic market, economic recovery has made the prices begin a new round of growth, the price of the production of raw material, transportation, energy, labor etc. are getting higher and higher. Moreover, the steady appreciation of RMB brings a new crisis to Chinese manufacturing enterprises which are consistently rely on low cost competition. "Twelve Five-Year Plan" proposed some development goals that can accelerate industrial structure adjustment, change in manufacturing from low to high end, which will bring new developmental opportunities for manufacturing enterprises. Faced with new opportunities and challenges, how Chinese manufacturing enterprises achieve the innovation of production, management, management and marketing, to complete the transition from cost advantages to the technical advantages, this will be a very real and important issue.
Innovative complexity and uncertainty have intensified the difficulties and risks of innovative, In order to distract the risk and pressure of innovation, some enterprise began to change innovation mode. To establish their own cooperation network, they have positive cooperate with external research institutions, universities institutes, rival groups and so on. So enterprise dynamically through network relationship and location to obtain and integrate inter-organization knowledge, which will be another way to produce a competitive advantage.
This paper is based on the above research background, its objectives mainly has following several points:
(1) Clear the concept and structural dimensions of network capability. Network capability is a relatively new research concept, especially starting late in the research field of domestic management. It is clear that the concept and structural dimensions of network capabilities is based for further research.
(2) Clear the concepts of knowledge management and structure dimension of inter-organization under the network environment. There are a lot of studies about knowledge management, But because of the emergence of network environment and frequent enterprises cooperation, knowledge management can't confined to the enterprise interior, but it should extend the research perspective to the enterprise external organization boundary, meanwhile pay attention to the knowledge of inter-organization boundaries that flow in the network.
(3) Discuss the enterprise network capability on influence mechanism of innovation performance. This research has been introduced inter-organization knowledge management to two dimensions as intermediary variable, exploring enterprise network capabilities to influence on the inner mechanism innovation performance.
(4) Discuss the moderating effects of enterprise learning orientation. Learning orientation is very important for the enterprise management. This research has explored the ability to guide the network of inter-organizational knowledge management in the regulation.
Throughout the study, the research methods adopted are as follows:
(1) Literature material method:this thesis has been provided by using library of database systems and relevant search engine, and retrieving, reading, summarizing and concluding the existing relevant documents and information at home and abroad.
(2) Interview method:prior to the official data collection, interview is to provide the best source of ideas and measure variables.
(3) Questionnaire method: study on questionnaire method is the primary way to collect research data. It includes questionnaire design, the volume of issuance, and questionnaire recovery of three steps.
(4) Data analysis and processing:this analysis methods include reliability analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis and structural equation analysis ect. The Software tools of SPSS Windows 16.0 and AMOS 6.0 was used for analysis.
On the basis of a clear background and research purposes, this article on the arrangements for content in accordance with the following structure:
ChapterⅠ, introduction. First, this paper describes the research background, motivation, study purpose, research significance, research methods, techniques, and finally the entire structure arrangement and research innovation of the entire thesis.
ChapterⅡ,literature review. First of all, review the theoretical basis of this paper in an in-depth system, namely, social network theory, enterprise competence theory, theory of knowledge management, then briefly introduce the innovation performance, enterprise network, network capability and innovation of related literature and make the appropriate comments.
ChapterⅢ, conceptual model and theoretical assumptions. First, redefines the network capability and the concepts and dimensions of inter-organizational knowledge management. Then, according to the existing research results, based on logical reasoning, to construct a conceptual model of this study, and further puts forward the related hypothesis of inter-organization knowledge management in intermediary function of between network ability and innovative performance, it is analyzed that learning orientation has been adjust effect for between network capabilities and inter-organization knowledge management.
ChapterⅣ, questionnaire design and fixed. Including questionnaire design principle and procedure, the design of variable scale and purification through the prediction on the scale, finally, application reliability testing, exploratory factor analysis, common method biases test method etc to test the reliability of the questionnaire.
ChapterⅤ, study on hypothesis testing. By collecting and processing samples, using structural equation modeling method, testing reliability and validity of the questionnaire and the related research hypothesis, and to analyze the test results.
ChapterⅥ, research conclusion and prospect. First, to sum up the research conclusion, summarized theoretical contribution and practical implications of the conclusions of the study; Finally, analysis of deficiencies of this study, pointed out the future direction and recommendations of the study.
Through the above analysis and research in this thesis, major innovations have the following several aspects:
First, based on the enterprise's internal and external network perspective, redefines the A conceptual model of network capability.
Scholars do not form a consistent view about the connotation of network capability and composition. In addition, previous research tends to focus on the management of enterprise external networks, ignoring the management of the enterprise's internal network. This thesis summarized the scholars on previous network capability of research, combined with enterprise's internal and external network perspective, network capability has been divided into four dimensions, Specific including network vision ability, network construction ability, relations optimization ability and internal cooperation ability, and through collecting the data of domestic manufacturing enterprise, Verified this thesis about the model building of network capabilities.
Second, in the network capability and enterprise innovation of research, introducing inter-organization knowledge management as intermediate variable, open a new study perspective.
The study according to knowledge management theory, concludes the meaning of inter-organization knowledge management, namely enterprise use its own network location and network relations, through a series of inter-organization knowledge activities to assist enterprise in making effective use of the organization boundary inside and outside of knowledge. Finally, achieve the purpose of improving organizational performance. And through reviewing the process model of knowledge management, inter-organization knowledge management dimensions will be divided into inter-organization knowledge acquisition and inter-organization knowledge integration. Meanwhile, based on the social network theory and enterprise competence theory, introducing the inter-organization knowledge management as intermediary variable in between enterprise network ability and innovative, in order to research between network capability and innovative performance of relationship, this will open a new study perspective.
Third, build and examined the ascension path of relationship model for innovation performances which are based on enterprise network capability and inter-organization knowledge management.
First, take social network theory and enterprise competence theory as the background, the network capability is viewed as an important antecedent of inter-organization knowledge management, it is discussed that four dimensions of the network capability impact on the inter-organization knowledge acquisition and the inter-organization knowledge integration; Secondly, according to the former study of the innovation essence and the factors which influence the innovation, and put forward inter-organization knowledge management for the influence of innovation performance; Finally, according to organizational learning theory, this thesis proposes the regulatory role of learning orientation for between network capability and inter-organization knowledge acquisition and network capability and inter-organization knowledge integration.
引文
①Schumpeter, J. A. The Theory of Economic Development[M]. Cambride: Harvard University Press,1934.
②来自比尔·盖茨在2008年微软亚洲研究院十年创新论坛上的发言。
①芮明杰,邓少军.产业网络环境下企业跨组织知识整合的内在机理[J].当代财经,2009(1)：69-75.
②Drucker, P. F. Post-Capitalist Society[M]. London:Oxford, Butterworth Heinemann, Harper Business, 1993.
①Teece D. J.. Capturing value from knowledge assets: The new economy, markets for know-how, and intangible assets [J].California Management Review,1998.40(3): 55-79.
②De Boer M., Bosch F.A., Volberda, H.W..Managing organizational knowledge integration in the emerging multimedia complex [J]. Journal of Management Studies,1999.36(3):379-398.
①Ping Fu, Anne S. Tsui, Gregory G..The Dynamics of Guanxi in Chinese Hightech Firms: Implications for Knowledge Management and Decision Making [J].Management international review,2006,46(3):277-305.
②Bian Y. Guan xi and the allocation of jobs in urban China[J].The China Quarterly,1994(140):1971-1999.
①Aldrich H. E., Zimmer C.. Entrepreneurship through social networks[M]. In:Sexton, D., Smilor, R. (Eds.), The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship. Ballinger. New York,1986.
②Johannisson B.. Network Strategies: Management Technology for Entrepreneurship and Change[J]. International small business journal,1986,5(1):19-30.
③Hoang, H., Antoncic. B.. Network-based research in entrepreneurship:a critical review [J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(2):165-187.
①Uzzi, B.. Social structure and competition in interfinn networks: The paradox of embeddedness[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1997(42):35-67.
①陈学光.网络能力、创新网络及创新绩效关系研究[D].浙江大学,2007.
①陈福添.知识整合研究：一种基于资源与能力的动态分析框架[J].财贸研究,2006(4):90-95.
②Grant, R.M.. Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration[J]. Organization Science,1996,7(4):375-387.
①Mitchell J. C.. Social networks in urban situations[M].Manchester:Manchester University Press,1969.
②Aldrich, H., Rosen, B., and Woodward, B.L. The Impact of Social Network on Business Founding and Profit: A Longitudinal Study in Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research[J].Wellesley: Center for Entrepreneurship Studies Babson Collage,1987.
③Wellman, B.. Social structures:network approach[M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1988.
④贺寨平.国外社会支持网研究综述[J].国外社会科学,2001(01):76-81.
①赵杰.基于价值链的社会网络管理[J].改革与理论,2003(07):56-58.
②Chu Z.Y.. Fundamentals of Chinese Medicine. Translated and Amended by Nigel Wiseman and Andrew Ells[M]. Pradigm Publications,1996.
①Butler J. E.,Hansen G. S.. Network evolution, entrepreneurial success and regional development[J]. EntrePreneurship and Regional Development,1991(3):1-16.
①Koka B., Madhavan R., Prescott J.. The evolution of interfinn networks: Environmental effects on patterns of network change[J]. Academy of Management Review,2006,31(3):721-737.
①Balaji R. Koka. John E. Prescott. The Evolution of Interfirm Networks: Environmental Effects on Patterns of Network Change[J]. Academy of Management Review,2006,31(3):721-737.
①Uzzi B.. Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embeddedness[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1997 (42):35-67.
②伍满桂.创业企业网络动态能力与创新社会网络沃度研究[D].浙江大学,2008.
①Burt, R. S., Structural Holes:The Social Structure of Competition, Cambridge[M]. Harvard University Press,1992.
①边燕杰.社会网络与求职过程[M].香港: 牛津大学出版社, 1999。
Nahapiet J.& Ghoshal S.. Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage[J]. Academy of Management Review,1998(23):242-266.
①Burt, R. S., Structural Holes:The Social Structure of Competition, Cambridge[M]. Harvard University Press,1992.
①Prahalad C K, Gary Hamel. The Core Competence of the Corporation[J]. Harvard Business Review,1990,6 (68):79-91.
①“刚性”一词是一个物理学概念,与“柔性”或“弹性”一词相对,是指环境变化,物体保持不变的特性。核心能力刚性是指核心能力既能帮助企业赢得竞争优势,同时企业也会由于核心能力的长期积累而产生一种难以适应环境变化的惰性即核心刚性。
②Collis D. J..Research Note: How Valuable are Organizational Competence[J].Strategic Management Journal, 1994(15):143-152.
①Teece D. J.. Pisano G., & Shuen A.. Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J]. Strategic Management Journal.1997,18(7):509-533.
②黄江圳,谭力文从能力到动态能力：企业战略观的转变[J].经济管理,2002(22)：13-17.
① Eisenhardt K. M., Martin J. A.. Dynamic Capabilities: What are they? [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2000(21):1105- 1121.
②Luo Y. Dynamic capabilities in international expansion[J]. Journal of World Business,2000,(4):355-378.
③Blyler M., Coff R. W.. Dynamic capabilities, social capital, and rent appropriation: Ties that split the pies[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(7):677-686.
①Zollo M., Winter S G.. Deliberate Learning and the Evolution of Dynamic Capabilities [J]. Organization Science,2002 (13):339-351.
①Tsoukas H. and Mylonopoulos N.. Introduction:knowledge construction and creation in organizations[J]. British Journal of Management,2004(15):S1-S8.
①Sveiby K.. The New Organizational Wealth: Managing and Measuring Knowledge-Based Assets[M]. Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco,1997.
①Amidon D.M..The evolving community of knowledge practice:the Ken awakening[J]. International Journal of Technology Management,1998,16(3):45-63.
①akansson H.. Industrial technological development: a network approach [M]. London: Croom Helm,1987.
①蔡凤霞,陈莉平.社会资本视角下战略联盟的优势探源[J].软科学,2005(19):54-56.
②Ritter T., Gemunden H. G. Network competence:Its impact on innovation success and its antecedents [J]. Journal of Business Research,2003(56):745-755.
③Ritter T.,Wilkinson I. f., Johnston W. J.. Measuring network competence: Some international evidence [J] Journal for Business and Industrial Marketing,2002(17):119-138.
①Moller K. K., Halinen A.. Business Relationships and Networks: Managerial Challenge of Network Era[J]. Industrial Marketing Management,1999(28):413-427.
①Granovetter. The Strength of Weak Ties:A Network Theory Revisited, in Social Structure and Network Analysis[M].CA:Sage,1982.
①朱秀梅,陈琛,杨隽萍.新企业网络能力维度检验及研究框架构建[J].科学学研究,2010,28(8):1222-1229。
②李玲.企业网络能力与企业知识获取的实证分析.统计与信息论坛,2009.24(8):81-85。
Nonaka I.& Takeuchi H.. The Knowledge Creating Company[M],new york:Oxford University Press,1995.
①Grant, R.M.. Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration[J]. Organization Science,1996,7(4):375-387.
①'Verona G..A resource based view of product development[J]. Academy of Management Review,1999, 24(1):132-143
②陈福添.知识整合研究：一种基于资源与能力的动态分析框架[J].财贸研究,2006(4):90-95。
①Teece D. J.. Capturing value from knowledge assets: The new economy, markets for know-how, and intangible assets [J]. California Management Review,1998,40 (3):55-79.
"Morosini P. Industrial clusters, knowledge integration and performance [J]. World Development,2004 (32): 305-326.
③Berends, H., Vanhaverbeke, W., Kirschbaum, R.,. Knowledge management challenges in new business development:case study observation[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2007,24 (4): 314-328.
① Zahra S A, george G. Absorptive capability:Areview, reconceptualization, and extension[J]. Academy of Management Review,2002,27(2):185-203.
①Burt R S., Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition, Cambridge[M]. Harvard University Press,1992.
②Greve. A.& Salaff, J.W. Social networks and entrepreneurship[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2003,28(1):1-22.
③Zahra, S.A., Ireland, R.D.,& A, H.M. International expansion by new venture firms:international diversity,mode of market entry,technological learning and performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2000,43(5):925-950.
①Tsai, W. Knowledge Transfer in Intraorganizational networks: Effects of network Position and absorptive capability on business unit innovation and performance [J].Academy of Management Journal 2001,44(5): 996-1004.
②Salman N.& Saives A. L..Indirect networks: an intangible resource for biotechnology innovation[J]. R&D Management,2005,35(2):203-215.
①Hansen M..Knowledge networks:Explaining efective knowledge sharing in Muhiunit companies[J]. Organization Science,2002,13(3):232-248.
①alaskiewicz J., Zaheer A...Networks of competitive advantage[J]. Research in the Sociology of Organizations,1999(16):237-261.
②owell W., Koput K., & Smith D. L.. Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation:Networks of learning in biotechnology[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1996(41):116-145.
③Dyer J. H.,Singh H.. The relational view:CooPerative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage [J]. Academy of management review,1998(23):179-660.
①oore G..Structural Determinants of Men's and Women's Personal Networks[J]. American Sociological Review,1990,55(5):726-735.
②Sako M., Helper S.. Determinants of trust in supplier relations: evidence from the automotive industry in japan and the united states[J]. Journal of economic behavior and organization,1998,34(3):387-417.
①rant R.M.. Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration[J]. Organization Science,1996,7 (4):375-387.
②Grandori A.. Organization and Economic Behaviour [M]Routledge. London,2001.
③Ahuja G. The duality of collaboration: inducements and opportunities in the formation of inter-firm linkages [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000, (21):317-343.
④Sabherwal R., Sabherwal S.. Knowledge Management Using Information Technology: Determinants of Short-Term Impact on Firm Value[J]. Decision sciences.2005.36(4):531-567.
⑤Tiwana, A.. Do bridging ties complement strong ties? An empirical examination of alliance ambidexterity[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2008.29(3) 251-272.
①Cohen W.M.. Levinthal, D.A..Absorptive capability: a new perspective on learning and innovation [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990(35):128-152.
②Hargadon A. B., Sutton R. I.. Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm [J]. Adminnistrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(4):716-749.
①孙永风,廖貅武,李垣.转型背景下中国企业基于社会资本的知识管理研究[J].中国工业经济,2008(3)：118-126。
②陈力,宣国良.跨职能知识整合对新产品开发绩效的影响[J].科学学研究,2006,24(06):921-928.
①Garud R., Nayyar P. R.. Transformative capability:Continual structuring by intertemporal technology transfer[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(5):365-386.
②Berends H., Vanhaverbeke W.,& Kirschbaum, R.. Knowledge management challenges in new business development: case study observation[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2007,24 (4): 314-328.
①简兆权,吴隆增,黄静.吸收能力、知识整合对组织创新和组织绩效的影响研究[J].科研管理,2008,(1)：80-86.
②Lane, p.j.& Lubatkin,M. Relative absorptive capability and interorganizational learning[J]. Strategic Management journal,1998,19(4):461-477.
③Yli-Renko H., Autio E.,& Sapienza H.j.. Social capital, knowledge acquisition, and technology-based firms [J].Strategic management journal.2001(22):587-613.
④Tidd J., Izumimoto Y.. Knowledge exchange and learning through international joint ventures: An Anglo-Japanese experience[J].Technovation,2002 (22):137-145.
①Wiklund J., Shepherd.. knowledg-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the Performance of small and medium-sized businesses [J]. Strategic management journal,2003,24(13):1307-1314.
②smith K., Collins C.,& Clark K.. Knowledge creation capability, and the rate of new Product introduction in High-Technology Firms[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(2):346-357.
①Larson J. R.,et al.. Diagnosing groups: The pooling, management, and impact of shared and unshared case information in team-based medical decision making[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1998,75(1):93-108.
②De Boer M., Bosch, F.A.J.,&Volberda H.W.. Managing organizational knowledge integration in the emerging multimedia complex [J]. Journal of Management Studies,1999,36(3):379-398.
③陈力,鲁若愚.企业知识整合研究[J].科研管理,2003,(3):32-38。
④郑景华,汤宗益.知识整合能力模式之研究[J]Journal of Information, Technology and Society, 2004(1):19-45。
⑤谢洪明,王成,王琪.知识整合：内部社会资本和组织文化作用——华南地区企业的实证研究[J].科学管理研究.2006(04):65-77.
①'Hamel, G.. Competition for competence and interpartner learning within international strategic alliances[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1991(12):83-103.
②inkula J M., Baker W E.. A Framework for Market-Based Organizational Learning:Linking Values, Knowledge,and Behavior [J]. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1999,27 (4):305-318
③James M. S., William E. B..& Noordewier T.. A Framework for Market-Based Organizational Learning: Linking Values, Knowledge and Behavior [J]. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1997,5(4):305-318.
④Jaehoon R., Park T., Lee D. H.. Drivers of innovativeness and performance for innovative SMEs in south korea: Mediation of learning orientation[J].Technovation,2010 (30):65-75.
⑤Calantone R. J., Cavusgil S. T.,& Zhao Y. S.. Learning orientation, firm innovation capability, and firm performance [J]. Industrial Marketing Management,2002 (31):515-524.
①Dyer J H., Nobeoka K.. Creating and managing a high performance knowledge-sharing network: the Toyota case [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2000,21 (3):345-368.
②Shaw R. B., Dennis N. T.. Teaching Organizations to Learn [J]. Organization Development Journal,1991(9): 1-12.
①马庆国.管理统计[M].北京：科学出版社,2002.
①omax R.. Covariance structure analysis: extensions and development[J].Advance in Social Science Methodology,1989(1):171-204.
②Mueller R. O.. Structural equation modeling: back to basics[J]. Structural equation modeling,1997(4): 353-369.
①Tabachnick B.G, Fidell L. S.. Using Multivariate Statistics(5th Ed.)[M].Needham Heights, MA: Allyn And Bacon,2007.
①Hair J. R., Rolph E. A., Ronald L. T.,& William C B.. Multivariate Data Analysis [M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall,1998.
②Breckler S.J.. Applications of convariance structure modeling in Psychology: Cause for concem?[J], Psychoogical Bulletin.1990(107):260-273.
③Bagozzi R. P., Yi Y.. On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1988,16(1):74-94.
①Baron R.M., Kenny D. A.. The moderator- mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986,51: 1173- 1182.
②温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,刘红云.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004,36(05):614-620.
①Baron R.M., Kenny D. A.. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986(51): 1173-1182.
①温忠麟和吴艳.潜变量交互效应建模方法演变与简化[J].心理科学进展,2010,18(08):1306-1313.
①Baron and Markman(2000)认为社会胜任力是行为者与他人互动交往的效能,是对多种社会技能(socialskill)的共同作用加以整合的一个概念。
①Ritter T., Gemunden H. G. Network competence:Its impact on innovation success and its antecedents[J]. Journal of Business Research,2003(56):745-755.
②Johnsen R.E., Ford D.. Intefaction capability development of smaller suppliers in relationships with larger customers[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2006,35:1002-1015.
[1].边燕杰,丘海雄.企业的社会资本及其功效[J].中国社会科学,2000(2):87-99.
[2].边燕杰.城市居民社会资本的来源及作用：网络观点与调查发现[J].中国社会科学,2004(3)：136-146.
[3].边燕杰.社会网络与求职过程[M].香港：牛津大学出版社,1999.
[4].蔡凤霞,陈莉平.社会资本视角下战略联盟的优势探源[J].软科学,2005(19)：54-56.
[5].曹鹏,陈迪,李健.网络能力视角下企业创新网络机理与绩效研究[J].科学学研究,2009,27(11)：1742-1748.
[6].陈福添.知识整合研究：一种基于资源与能力的动态分析框架[J].财贸研究,2006(4)：90-95.
[7].陈力,鲁若愚.企业知识整合研究[J].科研管理,2003(3):32-38.
[8].陈力,宣国良.跨职能知识整合对新产品开发绩效的影响[J].科学学研究,2006,24(6)：921-928.
[9].陈小让.知识管理：知识经济时代企业管理的新趋势[J].科技情报开发与经济,1998(6)：23-25.
[10].陈学光.网络能力、创新网络及创新绩效关系研究[D].浙江大学,2007.
[11].丁蔚.从信息管理到知识管理[J].情报学报,2000(2):51-53.
[12].方刚.基于资源观的企业网络能力与创新绩效关系研究[D].浙江大学,2008.
[13].冯海龙.动态能力理论研究综述及展望[J].科技管理研究,2007(8):12-14.
[14].冯俊文.企业知识管理[J].软科学,2000(1):53-56.
[15].高巍,倪文斌.学习型组织知识整合研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版),2005,7(3):86-91.
[16].高巍,田也壮,姜振寰.企业知识整合研究现状与分析[J].研究与发展管理,2004(5)：33-39.
[17].顾敏.知识管理与知识领航：新世纪图书馆学门的战略使命[J].图书情报工作,2001(5)：7-12.
[18].顾新,郭耀煌,李久平.社会资本及其在知识链中的作用[J].科研管理,2003,24(5):44-48.
[19].何深静,于涛方,方澜.城市更新中社会网络的保存和发展[J].人文地理,2001,16(6):36-39.
[20].贺小刚,李新春,方海鹰.动态能力的测量与功效：基于中国经验的实证研究[J].管理世界,2006(3)：94-113.
[21].贺寨平.国外社会支持网研究综述[J].国外社会科学,2001(1):76-81.
[22].侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2004.
[23].黄芳铭.结构方程模式理论与应用[M].台北：五南出版社,2004.
[24].黄芳铭.社会科学统计方法学——结构方程模式[M].台北：五南出版社,2005.
[25].黄江圳,谭力文.从能力到动态能力：企业战略观的转变[J].经济管理,2002(22)：13-17.
[26].黄旭.战略管理思维与要径[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[27].黄蕴洁,刘冬荣.知识管理对企业核心能力影响的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010(7):52-59.
[28].简兆权,吴隆增,黄静.吸收能力、知识整合对组织创新和组织绩效的影响研究[J].科研管理,2008(1)：80-86.
[29].简兆权,占孙福.吸收能力、知识整合与组织知识及技术转移绩效的关系研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009(6):81-86.
[30].科尔曼.社会理论的基础[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,1990.
[31].库珀和辛德勒.商业研究方法[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[32].李纲.企业网络结构与知识获取的关系模型[J].技术经济与管理研究,2010(1)：59-61.
[33].李怀祖.管理研究方法论[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2004.
[34].李晶钰,沈灏.不同竟合情景下企业知识获取和绩效关系的研究[J].科研管理,2009,30(5)：139-147.
[35].李玲.企业网络能力与企业知识获取的实证分析[J].统计与信息论坛,2009.24(8)：81-85.
[36].李正卫.动态环境下的组织学习与企业绩效[D].浙江大学,2003.
[37].林聚任.社会网络分析：理论、方法与应用[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2009.
[38].林文宝.技术知识整合、知识能量与组织学习对核心竞争力及创新绩效关联性质研究[D].成功大学,2001.
[39].刘清华.企业网络中关系性交易治理机制及其影响研究[D].浙江大学,2003.
[40].卢谢峰,韩立敏.中介变量、调节变量与协变量——概念、统计检验及其比较[J].心理科学,2007,30(4):934-936.
[41].罗珉,刘永俊.企业动态能力的理论架构与构成要素[J].中国工业经济,2009.1(1):75-85.
[42].马刚.基于战略网络视角的产业区企业竞争优势实证研究[D].浙江大学,2005.
[43].马鸿佳,董保宝,葛宝山.高科技企业网络能力、信息获取与企业绩效关系实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(1)：127-132.
[44].马庆国.管理统计[M].北京：科学出版社,2002.
[45].潘安成,邹媛春.组织忘记、组织学习与企业动态能力[J].科研管理,2010,31 (1) ：33-37.
[46].钱炜源.知识管理系统中个性化知识检索研究[D].合肥工业大学,2007.
[47].钱锡红,徐万里,杨永福.企业网络位置、间接联系与创新绩效[J].中国工业经济,2010(2)：78-88.
[48].邱均平,段宇峰.论知识管理与竞争情报[J].图书情报工作,2000(4):11-14.
[49].任皓,邓三鸿.知识管理的重要步骤——知识整合[J].情报科学,2002(6):650-653.
[50].任胜钢,宋迎春,王龙伟,曹裕.基于企业内外部网络视角的创新绩效多因素影响模型与实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2010,4(4):100-109.
[51].任胜钢.企业网络能力结构的测评及其对企业创新绩效的影响机制研究[J].南开管理评论,2010,13(1):69-80.
[52].芮明杰,陈晓静.隐性知识创新与核心竞争力的形成关系的实证研究[J].研究与发展管理,2006,18(6)：15-22.
[53].芮明杰,邓少军.产业网络环境下企业跨组织知识整合的内在机理[J].当代财经,2009(1):69-75.
[54].沈群红,封凯栋.组织能力、制度环境与知识整合模式的选择[J].中国软科学,2002(12)：81-87.
[55].圣吉.第五项修炼——学习型组织的艺术与实务[M].郭进隆,译.上海：上海三联书店,1998.
[56].世界经济合作与发展组织.以知识为基础的经济[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1997.
[57].孙国强.关系、互动与协同：网络组织的治理逻辑[J].中国工业经济,2003(11)：14-20.
[58].孙颖.低信任下企业网络能力对服务创新绩效的影响研究[D].天津大学,2009.
[59].孙永风,廖貅武,李垣.转型背景下中国企业基于社会资本的知识管理研究[J].中国工业经济,2008(3):118-126.
[60].王众托.关于知识管理若干问题的探讨[J].管理学报,2004(1)：18-24.
[61].王众托.知识系统工程[M].北京：科学出版社,2004.
[62].韦于莉.知识获取研究[J].情报杂志,2004(4):41-43.
[63].温忠麟,侯杰泰,张雷.调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用[J].心理学报,2005,37(2)：268-274.
[64].温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,刘红云.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004,36(5):614-620.
[65].温忠麟和吴艳.潜变量交互效应建模方法演变与简化[J].心理科学进展,2010,18(8)：1306-1313.
[66].乌家培.知识管理与信息管理[N].中国改革报,1998-11-18(6)
[67].吴海滨等.战略联盟不稳定性的研究现状与展望[J].科研管理,2004(5):46-51.
[68].吴明隆.结构方程模型——AMOS的操作与应用[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2009.
[69].吴晓冰.集群企业创新网络特征、知识获取及创新绩效关系研究[D].浙江大学,2009.
[70].吴晓波,韦影.制药企业技术创新战略网络中的关系性嵌入[J].科学学研究,2005,23(4)：561-565.
[71].伍满桂.创业企业网络动态能力与创新社会网络沃度研究[D].浙江大学,2008.
[72].谢富纪,徐恒敏.知识、知识流与知识溢出的经济学分析[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版),2001,12(2):54-57.
[73].谢洪明,王成,王琪.知识整合：内部社会资本和组织文化作用——华南地区企业的实证研究[J].科学管理研究,2006(4):65-77.
[74].邢小强,仝允桓.创新视角下的企业网络能力与技术能力关系研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(12)：182-186.
[75].邢小强,仝允桓.网络能力：概念、结构与影响因素分析[J].科学学研究,2006,24(S2)：558-563.
[76].徐金发,许强,王勇.企业的网络能力剖析[J].外国经济与管理,2001(11):21-25.
[77].许冠南.关系嵌入性对技术创新绩效的影响研究——基于探索型学习的中介机制[D].浙江大学,2008.
[78].许世英.以社会资本观点探讨知识流通对创新绩效的影响——以科学园区厂商为实证研究[D].台湾成功大学,2005.
[79].姚遂,陈卓淳.社会资本概念：一个经济学的分析[J].发展经济学论坛,2007,1.
[80].叶昕,丁烈云.论社会网络结构理论对战略技术联盟的影响[J].外国经济与管理,2004,2(10):20-24.
[81].约瑟夫·熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].上海：商务印书馆,1991.
[82].张方华.知识型企业的社会资本与技术创新绩效研究[D].浙江大学,2004.
[83].张君立.网络能力对新创企业资源构建的影响研究[D].吉林大学,2008.
[84].张其仔.社会网与基层经济生活[J].社会学研究,1999(3):25-34.
[85].张庆普,单伟.企业知识转化过程中的知识整合[J].经济理论与经济管理,2004(6)：47-51.
[86].张文宏.社会资本：理论争辩与经验研究[J].社会学研究,2003(4):23-35.
[87].赵杰.基于价值链的社会网络管理[J].改革与理论,2003(7):56-58.
[88].赵爽.基于网络能力的企业绩效提升路径研究[D].大连理工大学,2009.
[89].赵修卫.组织学习与知识整合[J].科研管理,2003(3):52-57.
[90].郑景华,汤宗益.知识整合能力模式之研究[J].信息、科技与社会杂志,2004(1)：19-45.
[91].周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法[J].心理科学进展,2004,12(6):942-950.
[92].周敏.跨组织知识管理理论与方法研究[D].武汉理工大学,2006.
[93].周小虎.企业社会资本与战略管理—基于网络结构观点的研究[M].北京：人民出版社,2006.
[94].朱晓琴.后危机时代企业管理创新探析[N].人民日报,2010-11-5(7)
[95].朱秀梅,陈琛,蔡莉.网络能力、资源获取与新企业绩效关系实证研究[J].管理科学学报,2010,4(4):44-55.
[96].朱秀梅,陈琛,杨隽萍.新企业网络能力维度检验及研究框架构建[J].科学学研究,2010,28(8)：1222-1229.
[97].Adler P., Kwon S. W.. Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept[J].Academy of Management Review,2002,27(1):17-40.
[98].Ahuja G. The duality of collaboration:inducements and opportunities in the formation of inter-firm linkages[J].Strategic Management Journal,2000, (21): 317-343.
[99].Alavi M., Tiwana A.. Knowledge Iniegration in Virtual Teams:The Potential Role of KMS[J].Joumal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2002,53(12):1029-1037.
[100].Aldrich H. E., Zimmer C.. Entrepreneurship through social networks[M].In: Sexton, D., Smilor, R. (Eds.), The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship. Ballinger, New York,1986.
[101].Aldrich H., Rosen B., & Woodward B.L.. The Impact of Social Network on Business Founding and Profit: A Longitudinal Study in Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research [M].Wellesley: Center for Entrepreneurship Studies Babson Collage,1987.
[102].Amabile T. M., Conti R., Coon H., Lazenby J., & Herron M.. Assessing the work environment for creativity[J].Academy of Management Journal, 1996(39):54-84.
[103].Anand B. N., Khanna T.. Do firms learn to create value? The case of alliances[J].Strategic Management Journal,2000(21):295-315.
[104].Andersen A.. The Knowledge Management Assessment Tool(KMAT)[M]. London:Arthur Andersen KMAT Study,1996.
[105].Anderson J. C., Hakansson H.,&Johanson J.. Dyadic Business Relationships within a Business Network Context[J].Journal of Marketing,1994,58(10):1-15.
[106].Argote L., McEvily B.,& Reagans R.. Managing Knowledge in Organizations:An Integrative Framework and Review of Emerging Themes[J]. Management Science,2003,49(4):571-582.
[107].Argote L., Sara L. B., & Epple D.. The Persistence and Transfer of Learning in Industrial Settings[J].Management Science,1990,36(2):140-154.
[108].Argyris S.. Organizational Learning:A Theory of Action Perspective[M]. Reading:Addison-Wesley,1978.
[109].Atuahene G. k., Murray J. Y.. Exploratory and exploitative learning in new Product development: a social capital perspective on new technology ventures in China[J].Joumal of intemational marketing,2007,15(2):1-29.
[110].Avlonitis, G. J., & Tzokas N.. Assessing the innovativeness of organizations and its antecedents:Project innovstrat[J].European Journal of Marketing,1994, 28(11):5-28.
[111].Amidon D.M..The evolving community of knowledge practice: the Ken awakening[J].International Journal of Technology Management,1998,16(3):45-63.
[112].Bagozzi R. P., Yi Y. On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models[J]. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1988,16(1):74-94.
[113].Baker W.. Market networks and corporate behavior[J].American Journal of Sociology,1990(96):589-625.
[114].Barney J.. Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage[J].Journal of Management,1991(1):17.
[115].Baron R.M., Kenny D. A.. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations [J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986(51):1173-1182.
[116].Baron R. A., Markman G. D.. Beyond social capital:the role of entrepreneurs'social competence in their financial success [J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(1):41-60.
[117].Batjargal B., Liu M.. Entrepreneurs'Access to Private Equity in China: The Role of Social Capital[J].Organization Science,2004,15(2):159-173.
[118].Bender S., Fish A.. The transfer of knowledge and the retention of expertise: the continuing need for global assignments[J].Journal of Knowledge Management, 2000,4(2):125-137.
[119].Bengt Johannisson. Network Strategies:Management Technology for Entrepreneurship and Change[J].International small business journal,1986, 5(1):19-30.
[120].Bentler P. M.. EQS:structural equations program manual[M].los angeles: BMDP statistical software,1989.
[121].Berends H., Vanhaverbeke W., & Kirschbaum R.. Knowledge management challenges in new business development:case study observation[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2007,24 (4):314-328.
[122].Bessant J., Tidd J.. Innovation and entrepreneurship[M].Chichester: UK, John Wiley and Sons,2007.
[123].Bhide A.. The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses[M].Oxford:The Oxford University Press,1999.
[124].Bian Y.. Guan xi and the allocation of jobs in urban China[J].The China Quarterly,1994(140):1971-1999.
[125].Blyler M., Coff R. W.. Dynamic capabilities, social capital, and rent appropriation:Ties that split the pies[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003, 24(7):677-686.
[126].Bolino M.C., Tumley W.H., & Bloodgood J. M.. Citizenship Behavior and the Creation of Social Capital in Organizations [J]. Academy of Management Review,2002,27(4):505-522.
[127].Borgatti S. P., Cross R.. A relational view of information seeking and learning in social networks[J].Management Science,2003,49(4):432-445.
[128].Bosch V. D., Bosch F. A.J., Volberda H. W., & De Boer M.. Coevolution of firm absorptive capability and knowledge environment:Organizational forms and combinative capabilities[J].Organization Science,1999(10):551-568.
[129].Bourdieu P.. the forms of capital. In J G richardson(ed) handbook of theory and reseach for the sociology of education[M].new york:green press,1985.
[130].Brass D., Butterfield K., & Skaggs B.. Relationships and unethical behavior: A social network perspective[J].Academy of Management Review,1998(23):14-31.
[131].Breckler S.J.. Applications of convariance structure modeling in Psychology: Cause for concem?[J].Psychoogical Bulletin,1990(107):260-273.
[132].Brehm J., Rahn W.. Individual-level evidence for the causes and consequences of Soeial capital[J]. American Journal of Political Seienee,1997(41): 999-1023.
[133].Buchanan B.G., Barstow D., & Bechtal J. R.. Constructing an Expert System[M].Building Expert systems,MAAddison-Wesley,1983.
[134].Burt R. S.. Structural Holes:The Social Structure of Competition[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1992.
[135].Burt R. S.. The Contingent Value of Social Capital[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1997(42):339-365.
[136].Burt.R.S.. Decay function[J].Soeial Networks,2000(22):1-28.
[137].Butler J. E.,Hansen G. S.. Network evolution, entrepreneurial success and regional development[J].EntrePreneurship and Regional Development,1991(3): 1-16.
[138].Carl Frappuolo.Defining knowledge management: four basic functions[J]. Computerworld,1998(8).
[139].Chaharbaghi K., Newman V. Innovating:Towards an integrated learning model[J].Management Decision,1996,34(4):5-13.
[140].Chiu C. M., Hsu M. H., & Wang. T. G.. Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities:An integration of social capital and social cognitive theories [J].Decision Support Systems,2006(42):1872-1888.
[141].Chaharbaghi W. S., Devinney T. M., & Midgley D. F.. The Process of knowledge Creation in organizations [R].Printed at INSEAD,2004.
[142].Chu Z.Y.. Fundamentals of Chinese Medicine. Translated and Amended by Nigel Wiseman and Andrew Ells[M].Pradigm Publications,1996.
[143].Chung S., H. Singh,& Lee K.. Complementarity, status similarity and social capital as drivers of alliance formation[J].Strategic Management,2000,21(1):1-22.
[144].Churchill G.. A Paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1979,16(1):64-73.
[145].Clark K. B., Fujimoto T.. The Power of Product Integrity: Automobile Examples[J].Harvard Business Review,1990,68(11):107-116.
[146].Clarysse B., Moray N.. A process study of entrepreneurial team formation: the case of a research-based spin-off[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2004,19 (1):55-79.
[147].Cohen W. M., Levinthal D.A..Absorptive capability: a new perspective on learning and innovation[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(3):128-152,
[148].Collis D. J.. Research Note:How Valuable are Organizational Competence [J].Strategic Management Journal,1994(15):143-152.
[149].Conner K., Prahalad C.. A resource-based theory of the firm:knowledge versus opportunism [J].Organization Science,1996,7 (5):477-501.
[150].Cooper J.R.. A multidimensional approach to the adoption of innovation [J].Management Decision,1998,36(8):493-502.
[151].Cumming B. S.. Innovation overview and future challenges[J].European Journal of Innovation Management,1998,1(1):21-29.
[152].Daft R. L., Lengel R. L..Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design[J].Management Science,1986,32(5):554—571.
[153].Damanpour F..Organizational innovation:A meta-analysis of effects of determinants and moderators[J].Academy of Management Journal,1991,34(3): 555-590.
[154].Davenport T., Delong D.W., & Beers M.. Successful Knowledge Management Projects[J].Sloan Management Review,1998(4):43-57.
[155].Davenport T.H., Prusak L.. Working Knowledge:How Organizations Manage What they Know[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1998.
[156].Day G. S.. Capabilities of Market-Driven Organizations[J].Journal of Marketing,1994,58 (4):37-52.
[157].Day G. S.. Learning About Markets. Marketing Science Institute Report[M]. Cambridge, MA:Marketing Science Institute,1991.
[158].De Boer M., Bosch F.A.J., & Volberda H.W..Managing organizational knowledge integration in the emerging multimedia complex[J].Journal of Management Studies,1999,36(3):379-398.
[159].Demsetz H.. The Nature of the Firm[M].New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
[160].Dess G. G., Beard D. W.. Dimensions of organizational task environments[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1984(29):52-73.
[161].Dong A.. The latent semantic approach to studying development team communication[J].Design Studies,2005,26(5):445-461.
[162].Dougherty D.. Interpretive Barriers to Successful Product Innovation[M]. Cambridge:Marketing Science Institute,1989.
[163].Drucker P. F.. Post-Capitalist Society[M].London:Oxford, Butterworth Heinemann,Harper Business,1993.
[164].Dyer J. H., Nobeoka K.. Creating and managing a high performance knowledge-sharing network:the Toyota case[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2000,21(3):345-368.
[165].Dyer J.H., Singh H.. The relational view:cooperative strategy and sources of inter organizational competitive advantage[J].Academy of Management Review, 1998,23(4):660-679.
[166].Edmondson A.C., Nembhard I.M.. Product development and learning in project teams:the challenges are the benefits[J] Journal of Product Innovation Management,2009,26(2):123-138.
[167].Eisenhardt K. M., Martin J. A.. Dynamic Capabilities:What are they?[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000(21):1105-1121.
[168].Fischer M.,Varga A.. Technological innovation and interfirm cooperation:an exploratory analysis using survey data from manufacturing firms in the metropolitan region of Vienna[J].International Journal of Technology Management, 2002(24):724-742.
[169].Galaskiewicz J., Zaheer A.. Networks of competitive advantage[J].Research in the Sociology of Organizations,1999(16):237-261.
[170].Garcia R., Calantone R.. A critical look at technological innovation typology and innovativeness terminology:a literature review[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2002,19(2):110-132.
[171].Garud R., Nayyar P.R.. Transformative capability:Continual structuring by intertemporal technology transfer[J].Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(5): 365-386.
[172].Ghosh M., John G.. Governance value analysis and marketing strategy[J]. Journal of Marketing, Special Issue,1999(63):131-45.
[173].Grandori A..Organization and Economic Behaviour[M].London:Routledge, 2001.
[174].Granovetter. The Strength of Weak Ties:A Network Theory Revisited, in Social Structure and Network Analysis[M].CA:Sage,1982.
[175].Granovetter M.S.. The Strength of Weak Ties[J].American Journal of Sociology,1973 (78):1360-1380.
[176].Granovetter M.. Economic action, social structure and embeddedness[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1985,91(3):481-510.
[177].Granovetter M.. The economic sociology of firms and entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship:The Social Science View[M].New York:Oxford Univ. Press, 2000.
[178].Grant R.M.. Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration[J].Organization Science,1996, 7 (4):375-387.
[179].Greve A.,Salaff J. W.. Social networks and entrepreneurship[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2003,28 (1):1-22.
[180].Gulati R., Nohria N.. Strategic Networks[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2000,21(3):1999-2010.
[181].Gulati R.. Alliances and networks[J].Strategic Management Journal 1998,19(4):293-317.
[182].Gulati R., Singh H.. The architecture of cooperation:Managing coordination uncertainty and interdependence in strategic alliances[J].Adminnistrative Science Quarterly,1998,43(4):781-814.
[183].Gulati R.. Familiarity breeds trust? The implications of repeated ties on contractual choice in alliances[J].Academyof Management Journal,1995,38(1): 85-112.
[184].Hagedoorn J., Cloodt M.. Measuring innovative performance:Is there an advantage in using multiple indicators?[J].Research Policy,2003(32):1365-1379.
[185].Hair J.E., Black W. C, & Babin B. J.. Multivariate Data Analysis [M].New Jersey: Prentice Hall,2009.
[186].Hair J. R., Rolph E. A., Ronald L. T., & William C B.. Multivariate Data Analysis [M].New Jersey: Prentice Hall,1998.
[187].Hakansson H.. Industrial technological development: a network approach [M].London:Croom Helm,1987.
[188].Hamel G., Prahalad C.K.. Competing for the future[J].Harvard Business Review,1994,72 (4):122-128.
[189].Hamel G., Competition for competence and interpartner learning within international strategic alliances[J].Strategic Management Journal,1991(12): 83-103.
[190].Hanny N., Nasution et al.. Entrepreneurship:Its relationship with market orientation and learning orientation and as antecedents to innovation and customer value[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2010,2(1):1-10.
[191].Hansen M.. Knowledge networks:Explaining efective knowledge sharing in Muhiunit companies [J]. Organization Science,2002,13(3):232-248.
[192].Hargadon A. B., Sutton R. I.. Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm[J].Adminnistrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(4) 716-749.
[193].Harris L., Coles A.,& Dickson K.. Building innovation networks:issues of strategy and expertise[J].Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 2000,(12):229-241.
[194].Henderson R.M., Clark K.B.. Architectural innovation:The reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure ofestablished firms[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990(35):9-30.
[195].Henderson R M.. The Evolution of Integrative Capability: Innovation in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,1994, 3(3):607-630.
[196].Hill, Ch.W.L., Rothaermel,&F.T.. The performance of incumbent firms in the face of radical technological innovation[J].Academy of Management Review 2003,28(2):257-274.
[197].Hine D., Ryan N.. Small service firms—Creating value through innovation[J].Managing Service Quality,1999,9 (6):411-422.
[198].Hinkin T.. A review of scale development practices in the study of organizations [J].Journal of Management,1995,21(5):967-988.
[199].Hoang H., Antoncic B.. Network-based research in entrepreneurship:a critical review[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18 (2):165-187.
[200].Holsapple C.W., Singh M..The knowledge chain model:Activities for competitiveness[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2001,(22):77-98
[201].Huang J.C., Newell S.. Knowledge integration process and dynamics within the context of cross-functional projects[J].International Journal of Project Management,2003(21):167-176.
[202].Huber G. P.. Organizational learning:The contributing processes and the literature[J]. Organization Science,1991,2(1):88-115.
[203].Huseman R., Goodman J..Leading with Knowledge[M].London:Sage,1999.
[204].Iansiti M., Clark K. B..Integration and Dynamic Capability:Evidence from Product Development in Automobiles and Mainframe Computers[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,1994,3(3):57-605.
[205].Iansiti M., West J.. Technology integration:Turning great research into great products[J].Harvard Business Review,1997,75(6):69-79.
[206]. Inglehart R.. Modernization and Post-modernization:Cultural, economic, and Political change in societies[M].Prineeton.NJ.Prineeton University,1997.
[207].Inkpen C..Creating Knowledge through Collaboration[J].California Management Review,1996,39(1):123-140.
[208].Jaehoon Rhee, teakyung park, & Do Hyung Lee. Drivers of innovativeness and performance for innovative SMEs in south korea: Mediation of learning orientation[J].Technovation,2010(30):65-75.
[209].James L. R., Brett J. M.. Mediators, Moderators And Tests for Mediation[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology,1984,69(2):307-321.
[210].James M. S., William E. Baker,& Thomas Noordewier. A Framework for Market-Based Organizational Learning:Linking Values, Knowledge and Behavior[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1997,5(4):305-318.
[211].Jaworski B.J., Kohli A. K.. Market orientation:Antecedents and Consequences[J].Journal of Marketing,1993(57):53-71.
[212].Jayachandran S., Hewett K., & Kaufman P.. Customer Response Capabilities in a Sense-and-Respond Era:The Role of Customer Knowledge Process[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,2004,32(3):219.
[213].Johannessen J.A., Olsen B., & Olaisen J.. Aspects of innovation theory based on knowledge- management[J].International Joural of Information Management,1999(19):121-139.
[214]. Johne A.. Successful market innovation[J]. European Journal of Innovation Management,1999,2(1):6-11.
[215].Johnsen R.E., Ford D.. Intefaction capability development of smaller suppliers in relationships with larger customers[J]. Industrial Marketing Management,2006(35):1002-1015.
[216].Joseph M. Bonner, Daekwan Kim, S. Tamer Cavusgil. Self-Perceived Strategic Network Identity and Its Effects on Market Performance in Alliance Relationships[J].Journal of Business Research,2005(58):1371-1380.
[217].Julie M. Hite, William S. Hesterly. The Evolution Of Firm Networks:From Emergence To Early Growth of the firm[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001 (22):275-286.
[218].Kale P., Dyer J. H., & Singh H.. Alliance capability, stock market response, and long-term alliance success:the role of the alliance function[J]. StrategicManagement Journa,2002,23:747-767.
[219].Kale P., Singh H.. Building alliance capabilities:A knowledge-based approach[D].Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings, Chicago,1999.
[220].Kilduff M., Tsai W.. Social nerworks and organization [M].Beijing:Renmin university of China publishing house,2007.
[221].Klein K.J., Sorra J.S.. The challenge of innovation implementation[J]. Academy of Management Review,1996,21 (4):1055-1088.
[222].Kleinsmann M.. Understanding Collaborative Design[D].Delft University of Technology, Delft.2006.
[223].Kline R B.. Principles and practices of structural equation modeling [M]. New York:The Guilford Press,1998.
[224].Kogut B., Zander U.. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities and the replication of technology[J].Organization Science,1992(3):383-397.
[225].Koka B., Madhavan R.,& Prescott J.. The evolution of interfirm networks: Environmental effects on patterns of network change[J].Academy of Management Review,2006,31(3):721-737.
[226].Koka B. R., Prescott J. E.. Strategic alliances as social capital:A multidimensional view[J].Strategic Management Journal,2002,23:795-816.
[227].Kought B., Zander U.. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities and the replication of technology[J].Organ. Sci.1992,3(3):383-397.
[228].Koza M. P., Lewin A. Y.. The co-evolution of strategic alliances[J]. Organization Science,1998(9):255-264.
[229].Kraatz M. S.. Learning by Association? Interorganizational Networks and Adaptation to Environmental Change[J].Academy of Management Journal,1998, 41:621-643.
[230].Krackhardt D., Hanson J. R.. Informal networks:The company behind the chart[J].Harvard Business Review,1993,71(4):104-111.
[231].Kumar K., Subramanian R., Yauger C.. Examining the market orientation-performance relationship:a context-specific study[J].Journal of Management, 1998,24(2):201-233.
[232].Kusunoki K., Numagami.T.. Interfunctional Transfers of Engineers in Japan: Empirical Findings and Implications for Cross Sectional Integration[J].IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1998,45(3):250-262.
[233].Lambe C. J., Spekman R. E., & Hunt S. D.. Alliance Competence, Resources, and Alliance Success:Conceptualization, Measurement, and Initial Test[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,2002(30):141-158.
[234].Landry R., Amara N.,& Lamari M.. Does Social CaPital Determine Innovation? To What Extent?[J].Technological Forecasting & Soeial Change,2002, 69(7):681-701.
[235].Lane P. J., Salk J. E., & Lyles M.. A absorptive capability, learning and performance in international joint ventures[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2001, 22(12):1139-1161.
[236].Lane P.J., Lubatkin M.. Relative absorptive capability and interorganizational learning[J]. Strategic Management journal,1998,19(4):461-477.
[237].Larson A. L., Starr J. A.. A network model of organization formation[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory and Practice,1993,17(2):5-15.
[238].Larson J.R.,et al.. Diagnosing groups:The pooling, management, and impact of shared and unshared case information in team-based medical decision making[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1998,75(1):93-108.
[239].Larson A.. Network dyads in entrepreneurial settings:A study of the governance of exchange Relationships[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1992 (37):76-104.
[240].Larssoll R.. The Handshake between Invisible and Visible Hands[J]. International Studies of Management and Organization,1993(23):1-13
[241].Leana C.R., Buren H.J.. Organizational Social Capital and Employment Practices[J].Academy of Management Review,1999(24):538-555.
[242].Lechner C., Dowling M.. Firm networks:External relationships as sources for the growth and competitiveness of entrepreneurial firms[J].Entrepreneurship and Regional Development,2003,15(1):1-26.
[243].Lee S. H., Wong P. K., & Chong C. L.. Human and social capital explanations for R&D outcomes[J].Engineering management,2005,52(1):59-68.
[244].Lee C., Lee K., Pennings J.M.. internal capabilities, external networks, and performance:a study on technology-based Ventures[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001(22):615-640.
[245].Levinthal D.A., Fichman M.. Dynamics of interorganizational attachments:Auditor-client relationships[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1988 (33):345-369.
[246].Li T., Calantone R. J.. The impact of market knowledge competence on new product advantage:conceptualization and empirical examination[J].Journal of Marketing,1998,62 (10):13-29.
[247].Liao J.W., Welsch H.. Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Growth Aspiration: A Comparison of Technology- and Non-technology-based Nascent Entrepreneurs[J].Journal of High Technology Management Research,2003(14): 149-170.
[248].Lomax R.. Covariance structure analysis:extensions and development[J]. Advance in Social Science Methodology,1989(1):171-204.
[249].Lorenzoni G., Lipparini. A.. The leveraging of interfirm relationships as a distinctive organizational capability:a longitudinal study[J].Strategic Management journal,1999,20(4):317-338.
[250].Lori Rosenkopf, Giovanna Padula. Investigating the Microstructure of Network Evolution:Alliance Formation in the Mobile Communications Industry[J].Organization Science,2008,19(5):669-687.
[251].Love J., Roper S.. Location and network effects on innovation success: evidence for UK, German and Irish manufacturing plants[J].Research Policy,2001 (30):643-661.
[252].Luecke R.. Managing Change and Transition[M].Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School,2003.
[253].Lukas B. A., Ferrell O. C..The effect of market orientation on product innovation[J].Journal of Academy Of Marketing Science,2000,28(2):239-247.
[254].Luo Y.. Dynamic capabilities in international expansion[J].Journal of World Business,2000, (4):355-378.
[255].Luo Y. D.. Guanxi:Principles, Philosophies, and Implications[J].Human Systems Management,1997,16(1):43-51.
[256].Lyles M.A., Salk J. E.. Knowledge Acquisition From Foreign Parents In International Joint Ventures:An Empirical Examination In Hungarian Context[J].Journal Of International Business Studies,1996,27(5):877-903.
[257].Maaike Kleinsmann, Jan Buijs, & Rianne Valkenburg.Understanding the complexity of knowledge integration in collaborative new product development teams:A case study[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2010 (27):20-32.
[258].Madhavan R., Koka B. R., & Prescott J. E.. Networks in transition:How industry events (re)shape interfirm relationships[J].Strategic Management Journal, 1998(19):439-459.
[259].Makadok R.. Toward a synthesis of the resource-based and dynamic-capability views of rent creation[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2001,22 (5):387-401.
[260].Malecki E.J., Tootle D.M.. Networks of small manufacturers in the USA: creating embeddedness[M].Aldershot:Avebury,1997.
[261].Marquardt M.. Building the learning organization[M].New York:McGraw Hill,1996.
[262].Marshall G.W., Goebel D.J., & Moncrief W.C.. Hiring for success at the buyer-seller interface[J].Journal of Business Research,2003,56 (4):247-255.
[263].McAdam R., Armstrong G., & Kelly B.. Investigation of the relationship between total quality and innovation:A research study involving small organizations[J]. European Journal of Innovation Management,1998,1(3): 139-147.
[264].McAdam. R.. knowledge management as a catalyst for innovation within organizations:a qualitative study[J].knowledge and Process Management,2000, 7(4):233-241.
[265].Mcdonald R. P., Ho M. R.. Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analysis[J].Psychological methods,2002(7):64-82.
[266].McGrath R. G.. A real options logic for initiating technology positioning investments[J].Academy of Management Review,1997(22):974-996.
[267].Meyer-Stamer J.. Micro-level innovations and competitiveness [J].World Development,1995,23(1):143-148.
[268].Miles R.E., Snow C.C.. Causes of failure in network organizations[J]. California Management Review,1992,34 (4):53-72.
[269].Mitchell J. C.. Social networks in urban situations[M]. Manchester: Manchester University Press,1969.
[270].Mitchell A., Bossert T.. Measuring dimensions of social capital:evidence from surveys in poor communities in Nicaragua[J].Social Science & Medicine, 2007,64(1):50-63.
[271].Moenaert R.K., Caeldries F., Lievens A.., & Wauters E..Communication flows in international product innovation teams[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2000,17(5):360-377.
[272].Mohamed M.Z., Richards T.. Assessing and comparing the innovatinvess and creative climate of firms[J].Scandenavian Journal of Management,1996,12(2): 109-121.
[273].Moller K.K., Halinen A.. Business Relationships and Networks:Managerial Challenge of Network Era[J].Industrial Marketing Management,1999 (28) 413-427.
[274].Moore G.. Structural Determinants of Men's and Women's Personal Networks [J].American Sociological Review,1990,55(5):726-735.
[275].Morosini P.. Industrial clusters, knowledge integration and performance[J]. World Development,2004(32):305-326.
[276].Mueller R. O.. Structural equation modeling: back to basics[J].Structural equation modeling,1997(4):353-369.
[277].Nahapiet J., Ghoshal S.. Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage[J].Academy of Management Review,1998(23):242-266.
[278].Nan Lin. Social Capital:A Theory of Social Structure and Action[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001.
[279].Nebus J.. Building collegial information networks:A theory of adviee network generation[J].Academy of Management Review,2006,31(3):615-637.
[280].Nellore R., Balachandra R.. Factors influencing success in integrated product development (IPD) projects[J].IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2001(48):164-174.
[281].Nelson, Winter. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change [M] Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1982.
[282].Nielsen A.P.. Knowledge Development and the Development of Core Competencies [C].Proceedings of the 7th International Forum on Technology Management, Koyto,Japan,1997(11):221-226.
[283].Nonaka I.,Takeuchi H.. The Knowledge Creating Company[M].New york:Oxford University Press,1995.
[284].Nonaka I.. A Dynamic Theory Of Organizational Knowledge Creation[J] Organization Science,1994 (51):14-37.
[285].Norman P.M.. Knowledge Acquisition, Knowledge Loss, And Satisfaction In High Technology Alliances[J].Journal Of Business Research,2004(57):610-619.
[286].Nunnally J. C.. Psyochomatric theory [M].NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1978.
[287].Nystrom, P. C., Starbuck. W.. To Avoid Organizational Crises, Unlearn[J]. Organizational Dynamics,1984(13):53-65.
[288].O'Dell CA.. A current review of knowledge management best practice[C]. Conference on Knowledge Management and the Transfer of Best Practices, Business Intelligence:London,1997.
[289].OECD..Boosting innovation: The cluster Approach [A].OECD Proceedings, 1999.
[290].Olav Sorenson, Jan Rivkin, & Lee Fleming. Complexity, Networks and Knowledge Flow[J].Harvard Business School Strategy Working Paper Series, 2002(4).
[291].Pammolli F., Rieeaboni M.. Innovation and Competitiveness in European Biotechnology[C].Enterprise Papers in Enterprise Direetorate-General European Commission,2002(7).
[292].Parker Hamieda. Inter-firm Collaboration and the New Product Development Process [M].Industrial Management & Data Systems, MCB University Press,2000.
[293].Peng M. W., Luo Y.. Managerial ties and firm performance in a transition economy: The nature of a micro-macro link[J].Academy of Management Journal, 2000,43(3):486-501.
[294].Pennar K.. The Ties that Lead to Prosperity: The Economic Value of social Bounds is only Beginning to Be Measured[J].Academy of management Journal, 1997(41):425-440.
[295].Perez-Bustamante. Knowledge management in agile innovative organizations[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management,1999,3(1):6-17.
[296].Pettrash G. Managing Knowledge Assets for Value[C].Boston:Paper read at Knowledge-based Leadership Conference,1996(10).
[297].Ping Ping Fu, Anne S. Tsui, & Gregory G. The Dynamics of Guanxi in Chinese Hightech Firms:Implications for Knowledge Management and Decision Making[J].Management international review,2006,46(3):277-305.
[298].Pittaway L., Maxine Robertson, Kamal, Denyer, & Neely. Networking and innovation:A systematic review of the evidence[J].International Journal of Management Reviews,2004,5 (3/4):137-168.
[299].Podolny K. L.. Network Forms of Organization[J].Annual Reviews of Sociology,1998 (24):57-76.
[300].Podsakoff P.M., Mackenzie S. B., Lee J. Y. & etal.. common method biases in behavioral research:a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies[J].Journal of applied psychology,2003,88(5):879-03.
[301].Portes A., Sensenbrenner A. J.. Embeddedness and Immigration:Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action[J].American Journal of Sociology, 1993(6).
[302].Portes A.. Social CaPital:Its origins and Applications in Modem Soeiology[J].Annual Review of sociology,1998(22):1-24.
[303].Powell W., Koput K.,& Smith L. D.. Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation:Networks of learning in biotechnology[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1996(41):116-145.
[304].Prahalad C.K., Gary Hamel. The Core Competence of the Corporation[J]. Harvard Business Review,1990,6 (68):79-91.
[305].Putnam R.. Bowling alone:America's declining social capital[J].Journal of democracy,1995(6):65-78.
[306].Reagans R., McEvily B.. Network structure and knowledge transfer: The Effects of cohesion and range[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2003, 48(2):240-267.
[307].Ritter T., Gemunden H. G.. Network competence:Its impact on innovation success and its antecedents[J].Journal of Business Research,2003 (56):745-755.
[308].Ritter T., Wilkinson I. f., & Johnston W. J.. Measuring network competence: Some international evidence[J].Journal for Business and Industrial Marketing, 2002(17):119-138.
[309].Ritter T.. The networking company: antecedents for coping with relationships and networks effectively[J].Industrial Marketing Management, 1999(28):467-479.
[310].Roger J. Calantone, S. Tamer Cavusgil, & Yushan Zhao. Learning orientation, firm innovation capability, and firm performance[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2002 (31):515-524.
[311].Rogers EM.. Diffusion of innovations [M].New York:Free Press,1983.
[312].Rothaermel F., Deeds D.. More good things are not necessarily better: An empirical study of strategic alliances, experience effects, and innovative output in high-technology start-ups[J].Academy of Management Proceedings,2001.
[313].Rothwell R.. Successful industrial innovation:critical factors for the 1990's[J].R&D Management,1992(22):221-239.
[314].Ruggles R.. The state of the notion:knowledge management in Practice[J].California Management Review,1998,40(3):80-89.
[315].Ryu C., Kim Y.J., & Rao H.R.. Knowledge acquisition via three learning Processes in enterprise information Portals:Learning-by-investment, learning-by-doing, and learning-from-others[J].MIS Quarterly,2005,29(2):245-278.
[316].Sabherwal R., Sabherwal S.. Knowledge Management Using Information Technology: Determinants of Short-Term Impact on Firm Value[J].decision sciences,2005.36(4):531-567.
[317].Sackmann S. A..CulturalKnowledge in Organizations[M].Newbary Park, 1991.
[318].Sako M., Helper S.. Determinants of trust in supplier relations:evidence from the automotive industry in japan and the united states[J].Journal of economic behavior and organization,1998,34(3):387-417.
[319].Salman N., Saives A. L.. Indirect networks:an intangible resource for biotechnology innovation[J].R&D Management,2005,35(2):203-215.
[320].Sarvary M.. knowledge Management and Competition in the consulting industry[J].California Management Review,1999,41(2):95-107.
[321].Schumpeter, Joseph A.. The Theory of Economic Development [M]. Cambride:Harvard University Press,1934.
[322].Senge P. M..The Fifth Discipline:The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization[M].New York:Doubleday,1990
[323].Senge. Mental Models[J].Planning Review,1992,20(3):4-10.
[324].Shaker A. Zahra, R. Duane Ireland, & Michael A. Hitt. International Expansion by New Venture Firms:International Diversity, Mode of Market Entry, Technological Learning, and Performance[J].The Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(5):925-950.
[325].Shaw R. B., Perkins N. T.. Teaching Organizations to Learn[J].Organization Development Journal,1991(9):1-12.
[326].Shepherd D. A., Zaeharakis A.. The venture capitalist-entrepreneur relationship:Control, trust and confidence in co-operative behavior[J].Venture Capital,2001,3(2):129-150.
[327].Simonin B. L.. An Empirical Investigation of the Process of Knowledge Transfer in International Strategic Alliances[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2004(35):407-427
[328].Sinkula, James M.. Market Information Processing and Organizational Learning[J].Journal of Marketing,1994,58(1):35-45.
[329].Sivadas E., Dwyer F. R.. An examination of organizational factors influencing new product success in internal and alliance-based processes[J]. Journal of Marketing,2000,64(1):31-49.
[330].Smith K., Collins C.,& Clark K.. Knowledge creation capability, and the rate of new Product introduction in High-Technology Firms[J].Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(2):346-357.
[331].Spender J.. Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm[J].Strategic Management Journal,1996(17):45-62.
[332].Spinello R. A.. The knowledge chain[J].Business Horizons,1998(41):4-15.
[333].Subramanian A., Nilakanta S.. Organizational innovativeness:ExPloring the relationship between organizational determinants of innovation, types of innovations, and measures of organizational performance[J].International Journal of Management Science,1996,24(6):631-647.
[334].Sveiby K.. The New Organizational Wealth:Managing and Measuring Knowledge-Based Assets[M].Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco,1997.
[335].Tabachnick B. G., Fidell L.S.. Using Multivariate Statistics(5th Ed.)[M]. Needham Heights, MA:Allyn And Bacon,2007.
[336].Tacla C., Figueiredo P.. The dynamics of technological learning inside the latecomer firm:evidence from the capital goods industry in Brazil[J].International Journal of Technology Management,2006(36):62-90.
[337].Teece D. J.. Capturing value from knowledge assets:The new economy, markets for know-how, and intangible assets[J].California Management Review, 1998,40(3):55-79.
[338].Teece D.J, Pisano G..The Dynamic Capabilities of Firms:An Introduction[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,1994(3):537-556.
[339].Teece D.J., Pisano G., & Shuen A.. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management[J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(7):509-533.
[340].Thomas Ritter, Hans Georg Gemunden.The impact of a company's business strategy on its technological competence, network competence and innovation success[J].Journal of Business Research,2004(57):548-556。
[341].Thomke S., Von Hippel E., & Franke R.. Modes of experimentation:An innovation process and competitive variable[J].Research Policy,1998(27):31-332.
[342].Tidd J., Izumimoto Y.. Knowledge exchange and learning through international joint ventures:An Anglo-Japanese experience[J].Technovation,2002 (22):137-145.
[343].Ting Y., Chiu H.. How network competence and network location influence innovation performance[J].Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing,2009,24 (1):46-55.
[344].Tiwana A.. The Knowledge Management Toolkit:Orchestrating IT, Strategy,and Knowledge Platforms[J].Prentice Hall,2002.
[345].Tiwana A.. The knowledge management toolkit[M].Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ.2000.
[346].Tiwana A..The essential guide to knowledge management,e-business and CRM application [M].NJ:Prenticce-Hall,Upper Saddle River,2000.
[347].Tiwana A.. Do bridging ties complement strong ties? An empirical examination of alliance ambidexterity[J].Strategic Management Journal,2008, 29(3)251-272.
[348].Tranfield D., Denyer D., & Smart P.. Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review[J].British Journal of Management,2003,14(3):207-222.
[349].Tsai W.. Knowledge Transfer in Intraorganizational networks:Effects of network Position and absorptive capability on business unit innovation and performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,2001,44(5):996-1004.
[350].Tsang W. K.. Can guanxi be a source of sustained competitive advantage for doing business in China?[J].Academy of Management Executive,1998,12(2): 64-73.
[351].Tsoukas H., Mylonopoulos N.. Introduction:knowledge construction and creation in organizations [J].British Journal of Management,2004(15):S1-S8.
[352].Uzzi B.. Social structure and competition in interfirm networks:The paradox of embeddedness[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1997 (42):35-67.
[353].Verna Alle. Evolution of knowledge[M].Zhu hai: Zhuhai publication,1998.
[354].Verona G.. A resource based view of product development[J].Academy of Management Review,1999,24(1):132-143.
[355].Volberda H. W.,Rutges A. F..A Knowledg-based System for Managing Strategic Change[J].Decision Support System,1999,26(2):99-123.
[356].Walker G., Kogut B., & Shan W.. Social capital,structural holes and the formation of an industry network[J].Organization Science,1997(8):109-125.
[357].Walter A., Auer M., & Ritter T.. The Impact of network capabilities And Entreprerleurial orientation on university spin-off performance[J].Journalof Business Venturing,2006(21):541-567.
[358].Wasserman S., Faust K.. Social network analysis:Methods and applications[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1994.
[359].Weick K. E., Roberts K.H..Collective mind in organizations:heedful interrelating on flight decks[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1993(38): 357-381.
[360].Wellman B..Social structures:network approach[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1988.
[361].Wernerfelt, Birger. A Resource-Based View of the Firm[J].Strategic Management Journal,1984(5).
[362].Wiig K. M.. Knowledge management:where did it come from and where will it go?[J].Journal of Expert Systems with Applications, Special Issues on Knowledge Management,1997,13(1):50-60.
[363].Wiklund J., Shepherd D.. Knowledg-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the Performance of small and medium-sized businesses[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(13):1307-1314.
[364].Williamson O.E.. The economics of organization:the transaction cost approach[J].American Journal of Sociology,1981(87):548-77.
[365].Woolf H.. Webster'S New World Dictionary of The American Language [M].G&C.Merriam,1990.
[366].Xin K., Pearce J. L.. Guanxi:Connections as substitutes for formal institutional support[J]. Academy of Management Journal,1996,39(6):1461-1568.
[367].Yli-Renko H.,Autio E., Sapienza H.J.. Social capital, knowledge acquisition, and technology-based firms[J].strategic management journal,2001(22):587-613.
[368].Zahra S. A., George G...Absorptive capability: A review, reconceptualization, and extension[J].Academy of Management Review,2002,27 (2):185-203.
[369].Zahra S.A.,et al.. International expansion by new venture firms:International diversity, mode of entry, technological learning, and Performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(5):925-950.
[370].Zaltman G., Duncan R., & Holbek J.. Innovations and organizations[M].New York:Wiley,1973.
[371].Zollo M., Winter S. G.. Deliberate Learning and the Evolution of Dynamic Capabilities[J].Organization Science,2002(13):339-351.
②来自比尔·盖茨在2008年微软亚洲研究院十年创新论坛上的发言。
①芮明杰,邓少军.产业网络环境下企业跨组织知识整合的内在机理[J].当代财经,2009(1)：69-75.
②Drucker, P. F. Post-Capitalist Society[M]. London:Oxford, Butterworth Heinemann, Harper Business, 1993.
①Teece D. J.. Capturing value from knowledge assets: The new economy, markets for know-how, and intangible assets [J].California Management Review,1998.40(3): 55-79.
②De Boer M., Bosch F.A., Volberda, H.W..Managing organizational knowledge integration in the emerging multimedia complex [J]. Journal of Management Studies,1999.36(3):379-398.
①Ping Fu, Anne S. Tsui, Gregory G..The Dynamics of Guanxi in Chinese Hightech Firms: Implications for Knowledge Management and Decision Making [J].Management international review,2006,46(3):277-305.
②Bian Y. Guan xi and the allocation of jobs in urban China[J].The China Quarterly,1994(140):1971-1999.
①Aldrich H. E., Zimmer C.. Entrepreneurship through social networks[M]. In:Sexton, D., Smilor, R. (Eds.), The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship. Ballinger. New York,1986.
②Johannisson B.. Network Strategies: Management Technology for Entrepreneurship and Change[J]. International small business journal,1986,5(1):19-30.
③Hoang, H., Antoncic. B.. Network-based research in entrepreneurship:a critical review [J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(2):165-187.
①Uzzi, B.. Social structure and competition in interfinn networks: The paradox of embeddedness[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1997(42):35-67.
①陈学光.网络能力、创新网络及创新绩效关系研究[D].浙江大学,2007.
①陈福添.知识整合研究：一种基于资源与能力的动态分析框架[J].财贸研究,2006(4):90-95.
②Grant, R.M.. Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration[J]. Organization Science,1996,7(4):375-387.
①Mitchell J. C.. Social networks in urban situations[M].Manchester:Manchester University Press,1969.
②Aldrich, H., Rosen, B., and Woodward, B.L. The Impact of Social Network on Business Founding and Profit: A Longitudinal Study in Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research[J].Wellesley: Center for Entrepreneurship Studies Babson Collage,1987.
③Wellman, B.. Social structures:network approach[M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1988.
④贺寨平.国外社会支持网研究综述[J].国外社会科学,2001(01):76-81.
①赵杰.基于价值链的社会网络管理[J].改革与理论,2003(07):56-58.
②Chu Z.Y.. Fundamentals of Chinese Medicine. Translated and Amended by Nigel Wiseman and Andrew Ells[M]. Pradigm Publications,1996.
①Butler J. E.,Hansen G. S.. Network evolution, entrepreneurial success and regional development[J]. EntrePreneurship and Regional Development,1991(3):1-16.
①Koka B., Madhavan R., Prescott J.. The evolution of interfinn networks: Environmental effects on patterns of network change[J]. Academy of Management Review,2006,31(3):721-737.
①Balaji R. Koka. John E. Prescott. The Evolution of Interfirm Networks: Environmental Effects on Patterns of Network Change[J]. Academy of Management Review,2006,31(3):721-737.
①Uzzi B.. Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embeddedness[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1997 (42):35-67.
②伍满桂.创业企业网络动态能力与创新社会网络沃度研究[D].浙江大学,2008.
①Burt, R. S., Structural Holes:The Social Structure of Competition, Cambridge[M]. Harvard University Press,1992.
①边燕杰.社会网络与求职过程[M].香港: 牛津大学出版社, 1999。
Nahapiet J.& Ghoshal S.. Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage[J]. Academy of Management Review,1998(23):242-266.
①Burt, R. S., Structural Holes:The Social Structure of Competition, Cambridge[M]. Harvard University Press,1992.
①Prahalad C K, Gary Hamel. The Core Competence of the Corporation[J]. Harvard Business Review,1990,6 (68):79-91.
①“刚性”一词是一个物理学概念,与“柔性”或“弹性”一词相对,是指环境变化,物体保持不变的特性。核心能力刚性是指核心能力既能帮助企业赢得竞争优势,同时企业也会由于核心能力的长期积累而产生一种难以适应环境变化的惰性即核心刚性。
②Collis D. J..Research Note: How Valuable are Organizational Competence[J].Strategic Management Journal, 1994(15):143-152.
①Teece D. J.. Pisano G., & Shuen A.. Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J]. Strategic Management Journal.1997,18(7):509-533.
②黄江圳,谭力文从能力到动态能力：企业战略观的转变[J].经济管理,2002(22)：13-17.
① Eisenhardt K. M., Martin J. A.. Dynamic Capabilities: What are they? [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2000(21):1105- 1121.
②Luo Y. Dynamic capabilities in international expansion[J]. Journal of World Business,2000,(4):355-378.
③Blyler M., Coff R. W.. Dynamic capabilities, social capital, and rent appropriation: Ties that split the pies[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(7):677-686.
①Zollo M., Winter S G.. Deliberate Learning and the Evolution of Dynamic Capabilities [J]. Organization Science,2002 (13):339-351.
①Tsoukas H. and Mylonopoulos N.. Introduction:knowledge construction and creation in organizations[J]. British Journal of Management,2004(15):S1-S8.
①Sveiby K.. The New Organizational Wealth: Managing and Measuring Knowledge-Based Assets[M]. Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco,1997.
①Amidon D.M..The evolving community of knowledge practice:the Ken awakening[J]. International Journal of Technology Management,1998,16(3):45-63.
①akansson H.. Industrial technological development: a network approach [M]. London: Croom Helm,1987.
①蔡凤霞,陈莉平.社会资本视角下战略联盟的优势探源[J].软科学,2005(19):54-56.
②Ritter T., Gemunden H. G. Network competence:Its impact on innovation success and its antecedents [J]. Journal of Business Research,2003(56):745-755.
③Ritter T.,Wilkinson I. f., Johnston W. J.. Measuring network competence: Some international evidence [J] Journal for Business and Industrial Marketing,2002(17):119-138.
①Moller K. K., Halinen A.. Business Relationships and Networks: Managerial Challenge of Network Era[J]. Industrial Marketing Management,1999(28):413-427.
①Granovetter. The Strength of Weak Ties:A Network Theory Revisited, in Social Structure and Network Analysis[M].CA:Sage,1982.
①朱秀梅,陈琛,杨隽萍.新企业网络能力维度检验及研究框架构建[J].科学学研究,2010,28(8):1222-1229。
②李玲.企业网络能力与企业知识获取的实证分析.统计与信息论坛,2009.24(8):81-85。
Nonaka I.& Takeuchi H.. The Knowledge Creating Company[M],new york:Oxford University Press,1995.
①Grant, R.M.. Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration[J]. Organization Science,1996,7(4):375-387.
①'Verona G..A resource based view of product development[J]. Academy of Management Review,1999, 24(1):132-143
②陈福添.知识整合研究：一种基于资源与能力的动态分析框架[J].财贸研究,2006(4):90-95。
①Teece D. J.. Capturing value from knowledge assets: The new economy, markets for know-how, and intangible assets [J]. California Management Review,1998,40 (3):55-79.
"Morosini P. Industrial clusters, knowledge integration and performance [J]. World Development,2004 (32): 305-326.
③Berends, H., Vanhaverbeke, W., Kirschbaum, R.,. Knowledge management challenges in new business development:case study observation[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2007,24 (4): 314-328.
① Zahra S A, george G. Absorptive capability:Areview, reconceptualization, and extension[J]. Academy of Management Review,2002,27(2):185-203.
①Burt R S., Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition, Cambridge[M]. Harvard University Press,1992.
②Greve. A.& Salaff, J.W. Social networks and entrepreneurship[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2003,28(1):1-22.
③Zahra, S.A., Ireland, R.D.,& A, H.M. International expansion by new venture firms:international diversity,mode of market entry,technological learning and performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2000,43(5):925-950.
①Tsai, W. Knowledge Transfer in Intraorganizational networks: Effects of network Position and absorptive capability on business unit innovation and performance [J].Academy of Management Journal 2001,44(5): 996-1004.
②Salman N.& Saives A. L..Indirect networks: an intangible resource for biotechnology innovation[J]. R&D Management,2005,35(2):203-215.
①Hansen M..Knowledge networks:Explaining efective knowledge sharing in Muhiunit companies[J]. Organization Science,2002,13(3):232-248.
①alaskiewicz J., Zaheer A...Networks of competitive advantage[J]. Research in the Sociology of Organizations,1999(16):237-261.
②owell W., Koput K., & Smith D. L.. Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation:Networks of learning in biotechnology[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1996(41):116-145.
③Dyer J. H.,Singh H.. The relational view:CooPerative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage [J]. Academy of management review,1998(23):179-660.
①oore G..Structural Determinants of Men's and Women's Personal Networks[J]. American Sociological Review,1990,55(5):726-735.
②Sako M., Helper S.. Determinants of trust in supplier relations: evidence from the automotive industry in japan and the united states[J]. Journal of economic behavior and organization,1998,34(3):387-417.
①rant R.M.. Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration[J]. Organization Science,1996,7 (4):375-387.
②Grandori A.. Organization and Economic Behaviour [M]Routledge. London,2001.
③Ahuja G. The duality of collaboration: inducements and opportunities in the formation of inter-firm linkages [J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000, (21):317-343.
④Sabherwal R., Sabherwal S.. Knowledge Management Using Information Technology: Determinants of Short-Term Impact on Firm Value[J]. Decision sciences.2005.36(4):531-567.
⑤Tiwana, A.. Do bridging ties complement strong ties? An empirical examination of alliance ambidexterity[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2008.29(3) 251-272.
①Cohen W.M.. Levinthal, D.A..Absorptive capability: a new perspective on learning and innovation [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990(35):128-152.
②Hargadon A. B., Sutton R. I.. Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm [J]. Adminnistrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(4):716-749.
①孙永风,廖貅武,李垣.转型背景下中国企业基于社会资本的知识管理研究[J].中国工业经济,2008(3)：118-126。
②陈力,宣国良.跨职能知识整合对新产品开发绩效的影响[J].科学学研究,2006,24(06):921-928.
①Garud R., Nayyar P. R.. Transformative capability:Continual structuring by intertemporal technology transfer[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(5):365-386.
②Berends H., Vanhaverbeke W.,& Kirschbaum, R.. Knowledge management challenges in new business development: case study observation[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2007,24 (4): 314-328.
①简兆权,吴隆增,黄静.吸收能力、知识整合对组织创新和组织绩效的影响研究[J].科研管理,2008,(1)：80-86.
②Lane, p.j.& Lubatkin,M. Relative absorptive capability and interorganizational learning[J]. Strategic Management journal,1998,19(4):461-477.
③Yli-Renko H., Autio E.,& Sapienza H.j.. Social capital, knowledge acquisition, and technology-based firms [J].Strategic management journal.2001(22):587-613.
④Tidd J., Izumimoto Y.. Knowledge exchange and learning through international joint ventures: An Anglo-Japanese experience[J].Technovation,2002 (22):137-145.
①Wiklund J., Shepherd.. knowledg-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the Performance of small and medium-sized businesses [J]. Strategic management journal,2003,24(13):1307-1314.
②smith K., Collins C.,& Clark K.. Knowledge creation capability, and the rate of new Product introduction in High-Technology Firms[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(2):346-357.
①Larson J. R.,et al.. Diagnosing groups: The pooling, management, and impact of shared and unshared case information in team-based medical decision making[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1998,75(1):93-108.
②De Boer M., Bosch, F.A.J.,&Volberda H.W.. Managing organizational knowledge integration in the emerging multimedia complex [J]. Journal of Management Studies,1999,36(3):379-398.
③陈力,鲁若愚.企业知识整合研究[J].科研管理,2003,(3):32-38。
④郑景华,汤宗益.知识整合能力模式之研究[J]Journal of Information, Technology and Society, 2004(1):19-45。
⑤谢洪明,王成,王琪.知识整合：内部社会资本和组织文化作用——华南地区企业的实证研究[J].科学管理研究.2006(04):65-77.
①'Hamel, G.. Competition for competence and interpartner learning within international strategic alliances[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1991(12):83-103.
②inkula J M., Baker W E.. A Framework for Market-Based Organizational Learning:Linking Values, Knowledge,and Behavior [J]. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1999,27 (4):305-318
③James M. S., William E. B..& Noordewier T.. A Framework for Market-Based Organizational Learning: Linking Values, Knowledge and Behavior [J]. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1997,5(4):305-318.
④Jaehoon R., Park T., Lee D. H.. Drivers of innovativeness and performance for innovative SMEs in south korea: Mediation of learning orientation[J].Technovation,2010 (30):65-75.
⑤Calantone R. J., Cavusgil S. T.,& Zhao Y. S.. Learning orientation, firm innovation capability, and firm performance [J]. Industrial Marketing Management,2002 (31):515-524.
①Dyer J H., Nobeoka K.. Creating and managing a high performance knowledge-sharing network: the Toyota case [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2000,21 (3):345-368.
②Shaw R. B., Dennis N. T.. Teaching Organizations to Learn [J]. Organization Development Journal,1991(9): 1-12.
①马庆国.管理统计[M].北京：科学出版社,2002.
①omax R.. Covariance structure analysis: extensions and development[J].Advance in Social Science Methodology,1989(1):171-204.
②Mueller R. O.. Structural equation modeling: back to basics[J]. Structural equation modeling,1997(4): 353-369.
①Tabachnick B.G, Fidell L. S.. Using Multivariate Statistics(5th Ed.)[M].Needham Heights, MA: Allyn And Bacon,2007.
①Hair J. R., Rolph E. A., Ronald L. T.,& William C B.. Multivariate Data Analysis [M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall,1998.
②Breckler S.J.. Applications of convariance structure modeling in Psychology: Cause for concem?[J], Psychoogical Bulletin.1990(107):260-273.
③Bagozzi R. P., Yi Y.. On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1988,16(1):74-94.
①Baron R.M., Kenny D. A.. The moderator- mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986,51: 1173- 1182.
②温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,刘红云.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004,36(05):614-620.
①Baron R.M., Kenny D. A.. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986(51): 1173-1182.
①温忠麟和吴艳.潜变量交互效应建模方法演变与简化[J].心理科学进展,2010,18(08):1306-1313.
①Baron and Markman(2000)认为社会胜任力是行为者与他人互动交往的效能,是对多种社会技能(socialskill)的共同作用加以整合的一个概念。
①Ritter T., Gemunden H. G. Network competence:Its impact on innovation success and its antecedents[J]. Journal of Business Research,2003(56):745-755.
②Johnsen R.E., Ford D.. Intefaction capability development of smaller suppliers in relationships with larger customers[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2006,35:1002-1015.
[1].边燕杰,丘海雄.企业的社会资本及其功效[J].中国社会科学,2000(2):87-99.
[2].边燕杰.城市居民社会资本的来源及作用：网络观点与调查发现[J].中国社会科学,2004(3)：136-146.
[3].边燕杰.社会网络与求职过程[M].香港：牛津大学出版社,1999.
[4].蔡凤霞,陈莉平.社会资本视角下战略联盟的优势探源[J].软科学,2005(19)：54-56.
[5].曹鹏,陈迪,李健.网络能力视角下企业创新网络机理与绩效研究[J].科学学研究,2009,27(11)：1742-1748.
[6].陈福添.知识整合研究：一种基于资源与能力的动态分析框架[J].财贸研究,2006(4)：90-95.
[7].陈力,鲁若愚.企业知识整合研究[J].科研管理,2003(3):32-38.
[8].陈力,宣国良.跨职能知识整合对新产品开发绩效的影响[J].科学学研究,2006,24(6)：921-928.
[9].陈小让.知识管理：知识经济时代企业管理的新趋势[J].科技情报开发与经济,1998(6)：23-25.
[10].陈学光.网络能力、创新网络及创新绩效关系研究[D].浙江大学,2007.
[11].丁蔚.从信息管理到知识管理[J].情报学报,2000(2):51-53.
[12].方刚.基于资源观的企业网络能力与创新绩效关系研究[D].浙江大学,2008.
[13].冯海龙.动态能力理论研究综述及展望[J].科技管理研究,2007(8):12-14.
[14].冯俊文.企业知识管理[J].软科学,2000(1):53-56.
[15].高巍,倪文斌.学习型组织知识整合研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版),2005,7(3):86-91.
[16].高巍,田也壮,姜振寰.企业知识整合研究现状与分析[J].研究与发展管理,2004(5)：33-39.
[17].顾敏.知识管理与知识领航：新世纪图书馆学门的战略使命[J].图书情报工作,2001(5)：7-12.
[18].顾新,郭耀煌,李久平.社会资本及其在知识链中的作用[J].科研管理,2003,24(5):44-48.
[19].何深静,于涛方,方澜.城市更新中社会网络的保存和发展[J].人文地理,2001,16(6):36-39.
[20].贺小刚,李新春,方海鹰.动态能力的测量与功效：基于中国经验的实证研究[J].管理世界,2006(3)：94-113.
[21].贺寨平.国外社会支持网研究综述[J].国外社会科学,2001(1):76-81.
[22].侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2004.
[23].黄芳铭.结构方程模式理论与应用[M].台北：五南出版社,2004.
[24].黄芳铭.社会科学统计方法学——结构方程模式[M].台北：五南出版社,2005.
[25].黄江圳,谭力文.从能力到动态能力：企业战略观的转变[J].经济管理,2002(22)：13-17.
[26].黄旭.战略管理思维与要径[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[27].黄蕴洁,刘冬荣.知识管理对企业核心能力影响的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010(7):52-59.
[28].简兆权,吴隆增,黄静.吸收能力、知识整合对组织创新和组织绩效的影响研究[J].科研管理,2008(1)：80-86.
[29].简兆权,占孙福.吸收能力、知识整合与组织知识及技术转移绩效的关系研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009(6):81-86.
[30].科尔曼.社会理论的基础[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,1990.
[31].库珀和辛德勒.商业研究方法[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[32].李纲.企业网络结构与知识获取的关系模型[J].技术经济与管理研究,2010(1)：59-61.
[33].李怀祖.管理研究方法论[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2004.
[34].李晶钰,沈灏.不同竟合情景下企业知识获取和绩效关系的研究[J].科研管理,2009,30(5)：139-147.
[35].李玲.企业网络能力与企业知识获取的实证分析[J].统计与信息论坛,2009.24(8)：81-85.
[36].李正卫.动态环境下的组织学习与企业绩效[D].浙江大学,2003.
[37].林聚任.社会网络分析：理论、方法与应用[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2009.
[38].林文宝.技术知识整合、知识能量与组织学习对核心竞争力及创新绩效关联性质研究[D].成功大学,2001.
[39].刘清华.企业网络中关系性交易治理机制及其影响研究[D].浙江大学,2003.
[40].卢谢峰,韩立敏.中介变量、调节变量与协变量——概念、统计检验及其比较[J].心理科学,2007,30(4):934-936.
[41].罗珉,刘永俊.企业动态能力的理论架构与构成要素[J].中国工业经济,2009.1(1):75-85.
[42].马刚.基于战略网络视角的产业区企业竞争优势实证研究[D].浙江大学,2005.
[43].马鸿佳,董保宝,葛宝山.高科技企业网络能力、信息获取与企业绩效关系实证研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(1)：127-132.
[44].马庆国.管理统计[M].北京：科学出版社,2002.
[45].潘安成,邹媛春.组织忘记、组织学习与企业动态能力[J].科研管理,2010,31 (1) ：33-37.
[46].钱炜源.知识管理系统中个性化知识检索研究[D].合肥工业大学,2007.
[47].钱锡红,徐万里,杨永福.企业网络位置、间接联系与创新绩效[J].中国工业经济,2010(2)：78-88.
[48].邱均平,段宇峰.论知识管理与竞争情报[J].图书情报工作,2000(4):11-14.
[49].任皓,邓三鸿.知识管理的重要步骤——知识整合[J].情报科学,2002(6):650-653.
[50].任胜钢,宋迎春,王龙伟,曹裕.基于企业内外部网络视角的创新绩效多因素影响模型与实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2010,4(4):100-109.
[51].任胜钢.企业网络能力结构的测评及其对企业创新绩效的影响机制研究[J].南开管理评论,2010,13(1):69-80.
[52].芮明杰,陈晓静.隐性知识创新与核心竞争力的形成关系的实证研究[J].研究与发展管理,2006,18(6)：15-22.
[53].芮明杰,邓少军.产业网络环境下企业跨组织知识整合的内在机理[J].当代财经,2009(1):69-75.
[54].沈群红,封凯栋.组织能力、制度环境与知识整合模式的选择[J].中国软科学,2002(12)：81-87.
[55].圣吉.第五项修炼——学习型组织的艺术与实务[M].郭进隆,译.上海：上海三联书店,1998.
[56].世界经济合作与发展组织.以知识为基础的经济[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1997.
[57].孙国强.关系、互动与协同：网络组织的治理逻辑[J].中国工业经济,2003(11)：14-20.
[58].孙颖.低信任下企业网络能力对服务创新绩效的影响研究[D].天津大学,2009.
[59].孙永风,廖貅武,李垣.转型背景下中国企业基于社会资本的知识管理研究[J].中国工业经济,2008(3):118-126.
[60].王众托.关于知识管理若干问题的探讨[J].管理学报,2004(1)：18-24.
[61].王众托.知识系统工程[M].北京：科学出版社,2004.
[62].韦于莉.知识获取研究[J].情报杂志,2004(4):41-43.
[63].温忠麟,侯杰泰,张雷.调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用[J].心理学报,2005,37(2)：268-274.
[64].温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,刘红云.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004,36(5):614-620.
[65].温忠麟和吴艳.潜变量交互效应建模方法演变与简化[J].心理科学进展,2010,18(8)：1306-1313.
[66].乌家培.知识管理与信息管理[N].中国改革报,1998-11-18(6)
[67].吴海滨等.战略联盟不稳定性的研究现状与展望[J].科研管理,2004(5):46-51.
[68].吴明隆.结构方程模型——AMOS的操作与应用[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2009.
[69].吴晓冰.集群企业创新网络特征、知识获取及创新绩效关系研究[D].浙江大学,2009.
[70].吴晓波,韦影.制药企业技术创新战略网络中的关系性嵌入[J].科学学研究,2005,23(4)：561-565.
[71].伍满桂.创业企业网络动态能力与创新社会网络沃度研究[D].浙江大学,2008.
[72].谢富纪,徐恒敏.知识、知识流与知识溢出的经济学分析[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版),2001,12(2):54-57.
[73].谢洪明,王成,王琪.知识整合：内部社会资本和组织文化作用——华南地区企业的实证研究[J].科学管理研究,2006(4):65-77.
[74].邢小强,仝允桓.创新视角下的企业网络能力与技术能力关系研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(12)：182-186.
[75].邢小强,仝允桓.网络能力：概念、结构与影响因素分析[J].科学学研究,2006,24(S2)：558-563.
[76].徐金发,许强,王勇.企业的网络能力剖析[J].外国经济与管理,2001(11):21-25.
[77].许冠南.关系嵌入性对技术创新绩效的影响研究——基于探索型学习的中介机制[D].浙江大学,2008.
[78].许世英.以社会资本观点探讨知识流通对创新绩效的影响——以科学园区厂商为实证研究[D].台湾成功大学,2005.
[79].姚遂,陈卓淳.社会资本概念：一个经济学的分析[J].发展经济学论坛,2007,1.
[80].叶昕,丁烈云.论社会网络结构理论对战略技术联盟的影响[J].外国经济与管理,2004,2(10):20-24.
[81].约瑟夫·熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].上海：商务印书馆,1991.
[82].张方华.知识型企业的社会资本与技术创新绩效研究[D].浙江大学,2004.
[83].张君立.网络能力对新创企业资源构建的影响研究[D].吉林大学,2008.
[84].张其仔.社会网与基层经济生活[J].社会学研究,1999(3):25-34.
[85].张庆普,单伟.企业知识转化过程中的知识整合[J].经济理论与经济管理,2004(6)：47-51.
[86].张文宏.社会资本：理论争辩与经验研究[J].社会学研究,2003(4):23-35.
[87].赵杰.基于价值链的社会网络管理[J].改革与理论,2003(7):56-58.
[88].赵爽.基于网络能力的企业绩效提升路径研究[D].大连理工大学,2009.
[89].赵修卫.组织学习与知识整合[J].科研管理,2003(3):52-57.
[90].郑景华,汤宗益.知识整合能力模式之研究[J].信息、科技与社会杂志,2004(1)：19-45.
[91].周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法[J].心理科学进展,2004,12(6):942-950.
[92].周敏.跨组织知识管理理论与方法研究[D].武汉理工大学,2006.
[93].周小虎.企业社会资本与战略管理—基于网络结构观点的研究[M].北京：人民出版社,2006.
[94].朱晓琴.后危机时代企业管理创新探析[N].人民日报,2010-11-5(7)
[95].朱秀梅,陈琛,蔡莉.网络能力、资源获取与新企业绩效关系实证研究[J].管理科学学报,2010,4(4):44-55.
[96].朱秀梅,陈琛,杨隽萍.新企业网络能力维度检验及研究框架构建[J].科学学研究,2010,28(8)：1222-1229.
[97].Adler P., Kwon S. W.. Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept[J].Academy of Management Review,2002,27(1):17-40.
[98].Ahuja G. The duality of collaboration:inducements and opportunities in the formation of inter-firm linkages[J].Strategic Management Journal,2000, (21): 317-343.
[99].Alavi M., Tiwana A.. Knowledge Iniegration in Virtual Teams:The Potential Role of KMS[J].Joumal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2002,53(12):1029-1037.
[100].Aldrich H. E., Zimmer C.. Entrepreneurship through social networks[M].In: Sexton, D., Smilor, R. (Eds.), The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship. Ballinger, New York,1986.
[101].Aldrich H., Rosen B., & Woodward B.L.. The Impact of Social Network on Business Founding and Profit: A Longitudinal Study in Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research [M].Wellesley: Center for Entrepreneurship Studies Babson Collage,1987.
[102].Amabile T. M., Conti R., Coon H., Lazenby J., & Herron M.. Assessing the work environment for creativity[J].Academy of Management Journal, 1996(39):54-84.
[103].Anand B. N., Khanna T.. Do firms learn to create value? The case of alliances[J].Strategic Management Journal,2000(21):295-315.
[104].Andersen A.. The Knowledge Management Assessment Tool(KMAT)[M]. London:Arthur Andersen KMAT Study,1996.
[105].Anderson J. C., Hakansson H.,&Johanson J.. Dyadic Business Relationships within a Business Network Context[J].Journal of Marketing,1994,58(10):1-15.
[106].Argote L., McEvily B.,& Reagans R.. Managing Knowledge in Organizations:An Integrative Framework and Review of Emerging Themes[J]. Management Science,2003,49(4):571-582.
[107].Argote L., Sara L. B., & Epple D.. The Persistence and Transfer of Learning in Industrial Settings[J].Management Science,1990,36(2):140-154.
[108].Argyris S.. Organizational Learning:A Theory of Action Perspective[M]. Reading:Addison-Wesley,1978.
[109].Atuahene G. k., Murray J. Y.. Exploratory and exploitative learning in new Product development: a social capital perspective on new technology ventures in China[J].Joumal of intemational marketing,2007,15(2):1-29.
[110].Avlonitis, G. J., & Tzokas N.. Assessing the innovativeness of organizations and its antecedents:Project innovstrat[J].European Journal of Marketing,1994, 28(11):5-28.
[111].Amidon D.M..The evolving community of knowledge practice: the Ken awakening[J].International Journal of Technology Management,1998,16(3):45-63.
[112].Bagozzi R. P., Yi Y. On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models[J]. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1988,16(1):74-94.
[113].Baker W.. Market networks and corporate behavior[J].American Journal of Sociology,1990(96):589-625.
[114].Barney J.. Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage[J].Journal of Management,1991(1):17.
[115].Baron R.M., Kenny D. A.. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations [J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986(51):1173-1182.
[116].Baron R. A., Markman G. D.. Beyond social capital:the role of entrepreneurs'social competence in their financial success [J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(1):41-60.
[117].Batjargal B., Liu M.. Entrepreneurs'Access to Private Equity in China: The Role of Social Capital[J].Organization Science,2004,15(2):159-173.
[118].Bender S., Fish A.. The transfer of knowledge and the retention of expertise: the continuing need for global assignments[J].Journal of Knowledge Management, 2000,4(2):125-137.
[119].Bengt Johannisson. Network Strategies:Management Technology for Entrepreneurship and Change[J].International small business journal,1986, 5(1):19-30.
[120].Bentler P. M.. EQS:structural equations program manual[M].los angeles: BMDP statistical software,1989.
[121].Berends H., Vanhaverbeke W., & Kirschbaum R.. Knowledge management challenges in new business development:case study observation[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2007,24 (4):314-328.
[122].Bessant J., Tidd J.. Innovation and entrepreneurship[M].Chichester: UK, John Wiley and Sons,2007.
[123].Bhide A.. The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses[M].Oxford:The Oxford University Press,1999.
[124].Bian Y.. Guan xi and the allocation of jobs in urban China[J].The China Quarterly,1994(140):1971-1999.
[125].Blyler M., Coff R. W.. Dynamic capabilities, social capital, and rent appropriation:Ties that split the pies[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003, 24(7):677-686.
[126].Bolino M.C., Tumley W.H., & Bloodgood J. M.. Citizenship Behavior and the Creation of Social Capital in Organizations [J]. Academy of Management Review,2002,27(4):505-522.
[127].Borgatti S. P., Cross R.. A relational view of information seeking and learning in social networks[J].Management Science,2003,49(4):432-445.
[128].Bosch V. D., Bosch F. A.J., Volberda H. W., & De Boer M.. Coevolution of firm absorptive capability and knowledge environment:Organizational forms and combinative capabilities[J].Organization Science,1999(10):551-568.
[129].Bourdieu P.. the forms of capital. In J G richardson(ed) handbook of theory and reseach for the sociology of education[M].new york:green press,1985.
[130].Brass D., Butterfield K., & Skaggs B.. Relationships and unethical behavior: A social network perspective[J].Academy of Management Review,1998(23):14-31.
[131].Breckler S.J.. Applications of convariance structure modeling in Psychology: Cause for concem?[J].Psychoogical Bulletin,1990(107):260-273.
[132].Brehm J., Rahn W.. Individual-level evidence for the causes and consequences of Soeial capital[J]. American Journal of Political Seienee,1997(41): 999-1023.
[133].Buchanan B.G., Barstow D., & Bechtal J. R.. Constructing an Expert System[M].Building Expert systems,MAAddison-Wesley,1983.
[134].Burt R. S.. Structural Holes:The Social Structure of Competition[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1992.
[135].Burt R. S.. The Contingent Value of Social Capital[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1997(42):339-365.
[136].Burt.R.S.. Decay function[J].Soeial Networks,2000(22):1-28.
[137].Butler J. E.,Hansen G. S.. Network evolution, entrepreneurial success and regional development[J].EntrePreneurship and Regional Development,1991(3): 1-16.
[138].Carl Frappuolo.Defining knowledge management: four basic functions[J]. Computerworld,1998(8).
[139].Chaharbaghi K., Newman V. Innovating:Towards an integrated learning model[J].Management Decision,1996,34(4):5-13.
[140].Chiu C. M., Hsu M. H., & Wang. T. G.. Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities:An integration of social capital and social cognitive theories [J].Decision Support Systems,2006(42):1872-1888.
[141].Chaharbaghi W. S., Devinney T. M., & Midgley D. F.. The Process of knowledge Creation in organizations [R].Printed at INSEAD,2004.
[142].Chu Z.Y.. Fundamentals of Chinese Medicine. Translated and Amended by Nigel Wiseman and Andrew Ells[M].Pradigm Publications,1996.
[143].Chung S., H. Singh,& Lee K.. Complementarity, status similarity and social capital as drivers of alliance formation[J].Strategic Management,2000,21(1):1-22.
[144].Churchill G.. A Paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1979,16(1):64-73.
[145].Clark K. B., Fujimoto T.. The Power of Product Integrity: Automobile Examples[J].Harvard Business Review,1990,68(11):107-116.
[146].Clarysse B., Moray N.. A process study of entrepreneurial team formation: the case of a research-based spin-off[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2004,19 (1):55-79.
[147].Cohen W. M., Levinthal D.A..Absorptive capability: a new perspective on learning and innovation[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(3):128-152,
[148].Collis D. J.. Research Note:How Valuable are Organizational Competence [J].Strategic Management Journal,1994(15):143-152.
[149].Conner K., Prahalad C.. A resource-based theory of the firm:knowledge versus opportunism [J].Organization Science,1996,7 (5):477-501.
[150].Cooper J.R.. A multidimensional approach to the adoption of innovation [J].Management Decision,1998,36(8):493-502.
[151].Cumming B. S.. Innovation overview and future challenges[J].European Journal of Innovation Management,1998,1(1):21-29.
[152].Daft R. L., Lengel R. L..Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design[J].Management Science,1986,32(5):554—571.
[153].Damanpour F..Organizational innovation:A meta-analysis of effects of determinants and moderators[J].Academy of Management Journal,1991,34(3): 555-590.
[154].Davenport T., Delong D.W., & Beers M.. Successful Knowledge Management Projects[J].Sloan Management Review,1998(4):43-57.
[155].Davenport T.H., Prusak L.. Working Knowledge:How Organizations Manage What they Know[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1998.
[156].Day G. S.. Capabilities of Market-Driven Organizations[J].Journal of Marketing,1994,58 (4):37-52.
[157].Day G. S.. Learning About Markets. Marketing Science Institute Report[M]. Cambridge, MA:Marketing Science Institute,1991.
[158].De Boer M., Bosch F.A.J., & Volberda H.W..Managing organizational knowledge integration in the emerging multimedia complex[J].Journal of Management Studies,1999,36(3):379-398.
[159].Demsetz H.. The Nature of the Firm[M].New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
[160].Dess G. G., Beard D. W.. Dimensions of organizational task environments[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1984(29):52-73.
[161].Dong A.. The latent semantic approach to studying development team communication[J].Design Studies,2005,26(5):445-461.
[162].Dougherty D.. Interpretive Barriers to Successful Product Innovation[M]. Cambridge:Marketing Science Institute,1989.
[163].Drucker P. F.. Post-Capitalist Society[M].London:Oxford, Butterworth Heinemann,Harper Business,1993.
[164].Dyer J. H., Nobeoka K.. Creating and managing a high performance knowledge-sharing network:the Toyota case[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2000,21(3):345-368.
[165].Dyer J.H., Singh H.. The relational view:cooperative strategy and sources of inter organizational competitive advantage[J].Academy of Management Review, 1998,23(4):660-679.
[166].Edmondson A.C., Nembhard I.M.. Product development and learning in project teams:the challenges are the benefits[J] Journal of Product Innovation Management,2009,26(2):123-138.
[167].Eisenhardt K. M., Martin J. A.. Dynamic Capabilities:What are they?[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000(21):1105-1121.
[168].Fischer M.,Varga A.. Technological innovation and interfirm cooperation:an exploratory analysis using survey data from manufacturing firms in the metropolitan region of Vienna[J].International Journal of Technology Management, 2002(24):724-742.
[169].Galaskiewicz J., Zaheer A.. Networks of competitive advantage[J].Research in the Sociology of Organizations,1999(16):237-261.
[170].Garcia R., Calantone R.. A critical look at technological innovation typology and innovativeness terminology:a literature review[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2002,19(2):110-132.
[171].Garud R., Nayyar P.R.. Transformative capability:Continual structuring by intertemporal technology transfer[J].Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(5): 365-386.
[172].Ghosh M., John G.. Governance value analysis and marketing strategy[J]. Journal of Marketing, Special Issue,1999(63):131-45.
[173].Grandori A..Organization and Economic Behaviour[M].London:Routledge, 2001.
[174].Granovetter. The Strength of Weak Ties:A Network Theory Revisited, in Social Structure and Network Analysis[M].CA:Sage,1982.
[175].Granovetter M.S.. The Strength of Weak Ties[J].American Journal of Sociology,1973 (78):1360-1380.
[176].Granovetter M.. Economic action, social structure and embeddedness[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1985,91(3):481-510.
[177].Granovetter M.. The economic sociology of firms and entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship:The Social Science View[M].New York:Oxford Univ. Press, 2000.
[178].Grant R.M.. Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration[J].Organization Science,1996, 7 (4):375-387.
[179].Greve A.,Salaff J. W.. Social networks and entrepreneurship[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2003,28 (1):1-22.
[180].Gulati R., Nohria N.. Strategic Networks[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2000,21(3):1999-2010.
[181].Gulati R.. Alliances and networks[J].Strategic Management Journal 1998,19(4):293-317.
[182].Gulati R., Singh H.. The architecture of cooperation:Managing coordination uncertainty and interdependence in strategic alliances[J].Adminnistrative Science Quarterly,1998,43(4):781-814.
[183].Gulati R.. Familiarity breeds trust? The implications of repeated ties on contractual choice in alliances[J].Academyof Management Journal,1995,38(1): 85-112.
[184].Hagedoorn J., Cloodt M.. Measuring innovative performance:Is there an advantage in using multiple indicators?[J].Research Policy,2003(32):1365-1379.
[185].Hair J.E., Black W. C, & Babin B. J.. Multivariate Data Analysis [M].New Jersey: Prentice Hall,2009.
[186].Hair J. R., Rolph E. A., Ronald L. T., & William C B.. Multivariate Data Analysis [M].New Jersey: Prentice Hall,1998.
[187].Hakansson H.. Industrial technological development: a network approach [M].London:Croom Helm,1987.
[188].Hamel G., Prahalad C.K.. Competing for the future[J].Harvard Business Review,1994,72 (4):122-128.
[189].Hamel G., Competition for competence and interpartner learning within international strategic alliances[J].Strategic Management Journal,1991(12): 83-103.
[190].Hanny N., Nasution et al.. Entrepreneurship:Its relationship with market orientation and learning orientation and as antecedents to innovation and customer value[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2010,2(1):1-10.
[191].Hansen M.. Knowledge networks:Explaining efective knowledge sharing in Muhiunit companies [J]. Organization Science,2002,13(3):232-248.
[192].Hargadon A. B., Sutton R. I.. Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm[J].Adminnistrative Science Quarterly,1997,42(4) 716-749.
[193].Harris L., Coles A.,& Dickson K.. Building innovation networks:issues of strategy and expertise[J].Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 2000,(12):229-241.
[194].Henderson R.M., Clark K.B.. Architectural innovation:The reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure ofestablished firms[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990(35):9-30.
[195].Henderson R M.. The Evolution of Integrative Capability: Innovation in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,1994, 3(3):607-630.
[196].Hill, Ch.W.L., Rothaermel,&F.T.. The performance of incumbent firms in the face of radical technological innovation[J].Academy of Management Review 2003,28(2):257-274.
[197].Hine D., Ryan N.. Small service firms—Creating value through innovation[J].Managing Service Quality,1999,9 (6):411-422.
[198].Hinkin T.. A review of scale development practices in the study of organizations [J].Journal of Management,1995,21(5):967-988.
[199].Hoang H., Antoncic B.. Network-based research in entrepreneurship:a critical review[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18 (2):165-187.
[200].Holsapple C.W., Singh M..The knowledge chain model:Activities for competitiveness[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2001,(22):77-98
[201].Huang J.C., Newell S.. Knowledge integration process and dynamics within the context of cross-functional projects[J].International Journal of Project Management,2003(21):167-176.
[202].Huber G. P.. Organizational learning:The contributing processes and the literature[J]. Organization Science,1991,2(1):88-115.
[203].Huseman R., Goodman J..Leading with Knowledge[M].London:Sage,1999.
[204].Iansiti M., Clark K. B..Integration and Dynamic Capability:Evidence from Product Development in Automobiles and Mainframe Computers[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,1994,3(3):57-605.
[205].Iansiti M., West J.. Technology integration:Turning great research into great products[J].Harvard Business Review,1997,75(6):69-79.
[206]. Inglehart R.. Modernization and Post-modernization:Cultural, economic, and Political change in societies[M].Prineeton.NJ.Prineeton University,1997.
[207].Inkpen C..Creating Knowledge through Collaboration[J].California Management Review,1996,39(1):123-140.
[208].Jaehoon Rhee, teakyung park, & Do Hyung Lee. Drivers of innovativeness and performance for innovative SMEs in south korea: Mediation of learning orientation[J].Technovation,2010(30):65-75.
[209].James L. R., Brett J. M.. Mediators, Moderators And Tests for Mediation[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology,1984,69(2):307-321.
[210].James M. S., William E. Baker,& Thomas Noordewier. A Framework for Market-Based Organizational Learning:Linking Values, Knowledge and Behavior[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1997,5(4):305-318.
[211].Jaworski B.J., Kohli A. K.. Market orientation:Antecedents and Consequences[J].Journal of Marketing,1993(57):53-71.
[212].Jayachandran S., Hewett K., & Kaufman P.. Customer Response Capabilities in a Sense-and-Respond Era:The Role of Customer Knowledge Process[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,2004,32(3):219.
[213].Johannessen J.A., Olsen B., & Olaisen J.. Aspects of innovation theory based on knowledge- management[J].International Joural of Information Management,1999(19):121-139.
[214]. Johne A.. Successful market innovation[J]. European Journal of Innovation Management,1999,2(1):6-11.
[215].Johnsen R.E., Ford D.. Intefaction capability development of smaller suppliers in relationships with larger customers[J]. Industrial Marketing Management,2006(35):1002-1015.
[216].Joseph M. Bonner, Daekwan Kim, S. Tamer Cavusgil. Self-Perceived Strategic Network Identity and Its Effects on Market Performance in Alliance Relationships[J].Journal of Business Research,2005(58):1371-1380.
[217].Julie M. Hite, William S. Hesterly. The Evolution Of Firm Networks:From Emergence To Early Growth of the firm[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001 (22):275-286.
[218].Kale P., Dyer J. H., & Singh H.. Alliance capability, stock market response, and long-term alliance success:the role of the alliance function[J]. StrategicManagement Journa,2002,23:747-767.
[219].Kale P., Singh H.. Building alliance capabilities:A knowledge-based approach[D].Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings, Chicago,1999.
[220].Kilduff M., Tsai W.. Social nerworks and organization [M].Beijing:Renmin university of China publishing house,2007.
[221].Klein K.J., Sorra J.S.. The challenge of innovation implementation[J]. Academy of Management Review,1996,21 (4):1055-1088.
[222].Kleinsmann M.. Understanding Collaborative Design[D].Delft University of Technology, Delft.2006.
[223].Kline R B.. Principles and practices of structural equation modeling [M]. New York:The Guilford Press,1998.
[224].Kogut B., Zander U.. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities and the replication of technology[J].Organization Science,1992(3):383-397.
[225].Koka B., Madhavan R.,& Prescott J.. The evolution of interfirm networks: Environmental effects on patterns of network change[J].Academy of Management Review,2006,31(3):721-737.
[226].Koka B. R., Prescott J. E.. Strategic alliances as social capital:A multidimensional view[J].Strategic Management Journal,2002,23:795-816.
[227].Kought B., Zander U.. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities and the replication of technology[J].Organ. Sci.1992,3(3):383-397.
[228].Koza M. P., Lewin A. Y.. The co-evolution of strategic alliances[J]. Organization Science,1998(9):255-264.
[229].Kraatz M. S.. Learning by Association? Interorganizational Networks and Adaptation to Environmental Change[J].Academy of Management Journal,1998, 41:621-643.
[230].Krackhardt D., Hanson J. R.. Informal networks:The company behind the chart[J].Harvard Business Review,1993,71(4):104-111.
[231].Kumar K., Subramanian R., Yauger C.. Examining the market orientation-performance relationship:a context-specific study[J].Journal of Management, 1998,24(2):201-233.
[232].Kusunoki K., Numagami.T.. Interfunctional Transfers of Engineers in Japan: Empirical Findings and Implications for Cross Sectional Integration[J].IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1998,45(3):250-262.
[233].Lambe C. J., Spekman R. E., & Hunt S. D.. Alliance Competence, Resources, and Alliance Success:Conceptualization, Measurement, and Initial Test[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,2002(30):141-158.
[234].Landry R., Amara N.,& Lamari M.. Does Social CaPital Determine Innovation? To What Extent?[J].Technological Forecasting & Soeial Change,2002, 69(7):681-701.
[235].Lane P. J., Salk J. E., & Lyles M.. A absorptive capability, learning and performance in international joint ventures[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2001, 22(12):1139-1161.
[236].Lane P.J., Lubatkin M.. Relative absorptive capability and interorganizational learning[J]. Strategic Management journal,1998,19(4):461-477.
[237].Larson A. L., Starr J. A.. A network model of organization formation[J]. Entrepreneurship:Theory and Practice,1993,17(2):5-15.
[238].Larson J.R.,et al.. Diagnosing groups:The pooling, management, and impact of shared and unshared case information in team-based medical decision making[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1998,75(1):93-108.
[239].Larson A.. Network dyads in entrepreneurial settings:A study of the governance of exchange Relationships[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1992 (37):76-104.
[240].Larssoll R.. The Handshake between Invisible and Visible Hands[J]. International Studies of Management and Organization,1993(23):1-13
[241].Leana C.R., Buren H.J.. Organizational Social Capital and Employment Practices[J].Academy of Management Review,1999(24):538-555.
[242].Lechner C., Dowling M.. Firm networks:External relationships as sources for the growth and competitiveness of entrepreneurial firms[J].Entrepreneurship and Regional Development,2003,15(1):1-26.
[243].Lee S. H., Wong P. K., & Chong C. L.. Human and social capital explanations for R&D outcomes[J].Engineering management,2005,52(1):59-68.
[244].Lee C., Lee K., Pennings J.M.. internal capabilities, external networks, and performance:a study on technology-based Ventures[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001(22):615-640.
[245].Levinthal D.A., Fichman M.. Dynamics of interorganizational attachments:Auditor-client relationships[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1988 (33):345-369.
[246].Li T., Calantone R. J.. The impact of market knowledge competence on new product advantage:conceptualization and empirical examination[J].Journal of Marketing,1998,62 (10):13-29.
[247].Liao J.W., Welsch H.. Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Growth Aspiration: A Comparison of Technology- and Non-technology-based Nascent Entrepreneurs[J].Journal of High Technology Management Research,2003(14): 149-170.
[248].Lomax R.. Covariance structure analysis:extensions and development[J]. Advance in Social Science Methodology,1989(1):171-204.
[249].Lorenzoni G., Lipparini. A.. The leveraging of interfirm relationships as a distinctive organizational capability:a longitudinal study[J].Strategic Management journal,1999,20(4):317-338.
[250].Lori Rosenkopf, Giovanna Padula. Investigating the Microstructure of Network Evolution:Alliance Formation in the Mobile Communications Industry[J].Organization Science,2008,19(5):669-687.
[251].Love J., Roper S.. Location and network effects on innovation success: evidence for UK, German and Irish manufacturing plants[J].Research Policy,2001 (30):643-661.
[252].Luecke R.. Managing Change and Transition[M].Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School,2003.
[253].Lukas B. A., Ferrell O. C..The effect of market orientation on product innovation[J].Journal of Academy Of Marketing Science,2000,28(2):239-247.
[254].Luo Y.. Dynamic capabilities in international expansion[J].Journal of World Business,2000, (4):355-378.
[255].Luo Y. D.. Guanxi:Principles, Philosophies, and Implications[J].Human Systems Management,1997,16(1):43-51.
[256].Lyles M.A., Salk J. E.. Knowledge Acquisition From Foreign Parents In International Joint Ventures:An Empirical Examination In Hungarian Context[J].Journal Of International Business Studies,1996,27(5):877-903.
[257].Maaike Kleinsmann, Jan Buijs, & Rianne Valkenburg.Understanding the complexity of knowledge integration in collaborative new product development teams:A case study[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,2010 (27):20-32.
[258].Madhavan R., Koka B. R., & Prescott J. E.. Networks in transition:How industry events (re)shape interfirm relationships[J].Strategic Management Journal, 1998(19):439-459.
[259].Makadok R.. Toward a synthesis of the resource-based and dynamic-capability views of rent creation[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2001,22 (5):387-401.
[260].Malecki E.J., Tootle D.M.. Networks of small manufacturers in the USA: creating embeddedness[M].Aldershot:Avebury,1997.
[261].Marquardt M.. Building the learning organization[M].New York:McGraw Hill,1996.
[262].Marshall G.W., Goebel D.J., & Moncrief W.C.. Hiring for success at the buyer-seller interface[J].Journal of Business Research,2003,56 (4):247-255.
[263].McAdam R., Armstrong G., & Kelly B.. Investigation of the relationship between total quality and innovation:A research study involving small organizations[J]. European Journal of Innovation Management,1998,1(3): 139-147.
[264].McAdam. R.. knowledge management as a catalyst for innovation within organizations:a qualitative study[J].knowledge and Process Management,2000, 7(4):233-241.
[265].Mcdonald R. P., Ho M. R.. Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analysis[J].Psychological methods,2002(7):64-82.
[266].McGrath R. G.. A real options logic for initiating technology positioning investments[J].Academy of Management Review,1997(22):974-996.
[267].Meyer-Stamer J.. Micro-level innovations and competitiveness [J].World Development,1995,23(1):143-148.
[268].Miles R.E., Snow C.C.. Causes of failure in network organizations[J]. California Management Review,1992,34 (4):53-72.
[269].Mitchell J. C.. Social networks in urban situations[M]. Manchester: Manchester University Press,1969.
[270].Mitchell A., Bossert T.. Measuring dimensions of social capital:evidence from surveys in poor communities in Nicaragua[J].Social Science & Medicine, 2007,64(1):50-63.
[271].Moenaert R.K., Caeldries F., Lievens A.., & Wauters E..Communication flows in international product innovation teams[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2000,17(5):360-377.
[272].Mohamed M.Z., Richards T.. Assessing and comparing the innovatinvess and creative climate of firms[J].Scandenavian Journal of Management,1996,12(2): 109-121.
[273].Moller K.K., Halinen A.. Business Relationships and Networks:Managerial Challenge of Network Era[J].Industrial Marketing Management,1999 (28) 413-427.
[274].Moore G.. Structural Determinants of Men's and Women's Personal Networks [J].American Sociological Review,1990,55(5):726-735.
[275].Morosini P.. Industrial clusters, knowledge integration and performance[J]. World Development,2004(32):305-326.
[276].Mueller R. O.. Structural equation modeling: back to basics[J].Structural equation modeling,1997(4):353-369.
[277].Nahapiet J., Ghoshal S.. Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage[J].Academy of Management Review,1998(23):242-266.
[278].Nan Lin. Social Capital:A Theory of Social Structure and Action[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001.
[279].Nebus J.. Building collegial information networks:A theory of adviee network generation[J].Academy of Management Review,2006,31(3):615-637.
[280].Nellore R., Balachandra R.. Factors influencing success in integrated product development (IPD) projects[J].IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2001(48):164-174.
[281].Nelson, Winter. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change [M] Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1982.
[282].Nielsen A.P.. Knowledge Development and the Development of Core Competencies [C].Proceedings of the 7th International Forum on Technology Management, Koyto,Japan,1997(11):221-226.
[283].Nonaka I.,Takeuchi H.. The Knowledge Creating Company[M].New york:Oxford University Press,1995.
[284].Nonaka I.. A Dynamic Theory Of Organizational Knowledge Creation[J] Organization Science,1994 (51):14-37.
[285].Norman P.M.. Knowledge Acquisition, Knowledge Loss, And Satisfaction In High Technology Alliances[J].Journal Of Business Research,2004(57):610-619.
[286].Nunnally J. C.. Psyochomatric theory [M].NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1978.
[287].Nystrom, P. C., Starbuck. W.. To Avoid Organizational Crises, Unlearn[J]. Organizational Dynamics,1984(13):53-65.
[288].O'Dell CA.. A current review of knowledge management best practice[C]. Conference on Knowledge Management and the Transfer of Best Practices, Business Intelligence:London,1997.
[289].OECD..Boosting innovation: The cluster Approach [A].OECD Proceedings, 1999.
[290].Olav Sorenson, Jan Rivkin, & Lee Fleming. Complexity, Networks and Knowledge Flow[J].Harvard Business School Strategy Working Paper Series, 2002(4).
[291].Pammolli F., Rieeaboni M.. Innovation and Competitiveness in European Biotechnology[C].Enterprise Papers in Enterprise Direetorate-General European Commission,2002(7).
[292].Parker Hamieda. Inter-firm Collaboration and the New Product Development Process [M].Industrial Management & Data Systems, MCB University Press,2000.
[293].Peng M. W., Luo Y.. Managerial ties and firm performance in a transition economy: The nature of a micro-macro link[J].Academy of Management Journal, 2000,43(3):486-501.
[294].Pennar K.. The Ties that Lead to Prosperity: The Economic Value of social Bounds is only Beginning to Be Measured[J].Academy of management Journal, 1997(41):425-440.
[295].Perez-Bustamante. Knowledge management in agile innovative organizations[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management,1999,3(1):6-17.
[296].Pettrash G. Managing Knowledge Assets for Value[C].Boston:Paper read at Knowledge-based Leadership Conference,1996(10).
[297].Ping Ping Fu, Anne S. Tsui, & Gregory G. The Dynamics of Guanxi in Chinese Hightech Firms:Implications for Knowledge Management and Decision Making[J].Management international review,2006,46(3):277-305.
[298].Pittaway L., Maxine Robertson, Kamal, Denyer, & Neely. Networking and innovation:A systematic review of the evidence[J].International Journal of Management Reviews,2004,5 (3/4):137-168.
[299].Podolny K. L.. Network Forms of Organization[J].Annual Reviews of Sociology,1998 (24):57-76.
[300].Podsakoff P.M., Mackenzie S. B., Lee J. Y. & etal.. common method biases in behavioral research:a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies[J].Journal of applied psychology,2003,88(5):879-03.
[301].Portes A., Sensenbrenner A. J.. Embeddedness and Immigration:Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action[J].American Journal of Sociology, 1993(6).
[302].Portes A.. Social CaPital:Its origins and Applications in Modem Soeiology[J].Annual Review of sociology,1998(22):1-24.
[303].Powell W., Koput K.,& Smith L. D.. Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation:Networks of learning in biotechnology[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1996(41):116-145.
[304].Prahalad C.K., Gary Hamel. The Core Competence of the Corporation[J]. Harvard Business Review,1990,6 (68):79-91.
[305].Putnam R.. Bowling alone:America's declining social capital[J].Journal of democracy,1995(6):65-78.
[306].Reagans R., McEvily B.. Network structure and knowledge transfer: The Effects of cohesion and range[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2003, 48(2):240-267.
[307].Ritter T., Gemunden H. G.. Network competence:Its impact on innovation success and its antecedents[J].Journal of Business Research,2003 (56):745-755.
[308].Ritter T., Wilkinson I. f., & Johnston W. J.. Measuring network competence: Some international evidence[J].Journal for Business and Industrial Marketing, 2002(17):119-138.
[309].Ritter T.. The networking company: antecedents for coping with relationships and networks effectively[J].Industrial Marketing Management, 1999(28):467-479.
[310].Roger J. Calantone, S. Tamer Cavusgil, & Yushan Zhao. Learning orientation, firm innovation capability, and firm performance[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2002 (31):515-524.
[311].Rogers EM.. Diffusion of innovations [M].New York:Free Press,1983.
[312].Rothaermel F., Deeds D.. More good things are not necessarily better: An empirical study of strategic alliances, experience effects, and innovative output in high-technology start-ups[J].Academy of Management Proceedings,2001.
[313].Rothwell R.. Successful industrial innovation:critical factors for the 1990's[J].R&D Management,1992(22):221-239.
[314].Ruggles R.. The state of the notion:knowledge management in Practice[J].California Management Review,1998,40(3):80-89.
[315].Ryu C., Kim Y.J., & Rao H.R.. Knowledge acquisition via three learning Processes in enterprise information Portals:Learning-by-investment, learning-by-doing, and learning-from-others[J].MIS Quarterly,2005,29(2):245-278.
[316].Sabherwal R., Sabherwal S.. Knowledge Management Using Information Technology: Determinants of Short-Term Impact on Firm Value[J].decision sciences,2005.36(4):531-567.
[317].Sackmann S. A..CulturalKnowledge in Organizations[M].Newbary Park, 1991.
[318].Sako M., Helper S.. Determinants of trust in supplier relations:evidence from the automotive industry in japan and the united states[J].Journal of economic behavior and organization,1998,34(3):387-417.
[319].Salman N., Saives A. L.. Indirect networks:an intangible resource for biotechnology innovation[J].R&D Management,2005,35(2):203-215.
[320].Sarvary M.. knowledge Management and Competition in the consulting industry[J].California Management Review,1999,41(2):95-107.
[321].Schumpeter, Joseph A.. The Theory of Economic Development [M]. Cambride:Harvard University Press,1934.
[322].Senge P. M..The Fifth Discipline:The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization[M].New York:Doubleday,1990
[323].Senge. Mental Models[J].Planning Review,1992,20(3):4-10.
[324].Shaker A. Zahra, R. Duane Ireland, & Michael A. Hitt. International Expansion by New Venture Firms:International Diversity, Mode of Market Entry, Technological Learning, and Performance[J].The Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(5):925-950.
[325].Shaw R. B., Perkins N. T.. Teaching Organizations to Learn[J].Organization Development Journal,1991(9):1-12.
[326].Shepherd D. A., Zaeharakis A.. The venture capitalist-entrepreneur relationship:Control, trust and confidence in co-operative behavior[J].Venture Capital,2001,3(2):129-150.
[327].Simonin B. L.. An Empirical Investigation of the Process of Knowledge Transfer in International Strategic Alliances[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2004(35):407-427
[328].Sinkula, James M.. Market Information Processing and Organizational Learning[J].Journal of Marketing,1994,58(1):35-45.
[329].Sivadas E., Dwyer F. R.. An examination of organizational factors influencing new product success in internal and alliance-based processes[J]. Journal of Marketing,2000,64(1):31-49.
[330].Smith K., Collins C.,& Clark K.. Knowledge creation capability, and the rate of new Product introduction in High-Technology Firms[J].Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(2):346-357.
[331].Spender J.. Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm[J].Strategic Management Journal,1996(17):45-62.
[332].Spinello R. A.. The knowledge chain[J].Business Horizons,1998(41):4-15.
[333].Subramanian A., Nilakanta S.. Organizational innovativeness:ExPloring the relationship between organizational determinants of innovation, types of innovations, and measures of organizational performance[J].International Journal of Management Science,1996,24(6):631-647.
[334].Sveiby K.. The New Organizational Wealth:Managing and Measuring Knowledge-Based Assets[M].Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco,1997.
[335].Tabachnick B. G., Fidell L.S.. Using Multivariate Statistics(5th Ed.)[M]. Needham Heights, MA:Allyn And Bacon,2007.
[336].Tacla C., Figueiredo P.. The dynamics of technological learning inside the latecomer firm:evidence from the capital goods industry in Brazil[J].International Journal of Technology Management,2006(36):62-90.
[337].Teece D. J.. Capturing value from knowledge assets:The new economy, markets for know-how, and intangible assets[J].California Management Review, 1998,40(3):55-79.
[338].Teece D.J, Pisano G..The Dynamic Capabilities of Firms:An Introduction[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,1994(3):537-556.
[339].Teece D.J., Pisano G., & Shuen A.. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management[J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(7):509-533.
[340].Thomas Ritter, Hans Georg Gemunden.The impact of a company's business strategy on its technological competence, network competence and innovation success[J].Journal of Business Research,2004(57):548-556。
[341].Thomke S., Von Hippel E., & Franke R.. Modes of experimentation:An innovation process and competitive variable[J].Research Policy,1998(27):31-332.
[342].Tidd J., Izumimoto Y.. Knowledge exchange and learning through international joint ventures:An Anglo-Japanese experience[J].Technovation,2002 (22):137-145.
[343].Ting Y., Chiu H.. How network competence and network location influence innovation performance[J].Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing,2009,24 (1):46-55.
[344].Tiwana A.. The Knowledge Management Toolkit:Orchestrating IT, Strategy,and Knowledge Platforms[J].Prentice Hall,2002.
[345].Tiwana A.. The knowledge management toolkit[M].Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ.2000.
[346].Tiwana A..The essential guide to knowledge management,e-business and CRM application [M].NJ:Prenticce-Hall,Upper Saddle River,2000.
[347].Tiwana A.. Do bridging ties complement strong ties? An empirical examination of alliance ambidexterity[J].Strategic Management Journal,2008, 29(3)251-272.
[348].Tranfield D., Denyer D., & Smart P.. Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review[J].British Journal of Management,2003,14(3):207-222.
[349].Tsai W.. Knowledge Transfer in Intraorganizational networks:Effects of network Position and absorptive capability on business unit innovation and performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,2001,44(5):996-1004.
[350].Tsang W. K.. Can guanxi be a source of sustained competitive advantage for doing business in China?[J].Academy of Management Executive,1998,12(2): 64-73.
[351].Tsoukas H., Mylonopoulos N.. Introduction:knowledge construction and creation in organizations [J].British Journal of Management,2004(15):S1-S8.
[352].Uzzi B.. Social structure and competition in interfirm networks:The paradox of embeddedness[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1997 (42):35-67.
[353].Verna Alle. Evolution of knowledge[M].Zhu hai: Zhuhai publication,1998.
[354].Verona G.. A resource based view of product development[J].Academy of Management Review,1999,24(1):132-143.
[355].Volberda H. W.,Rutges A. F..A Knowledg-based System for Managing Strategic Change[J].Decision Support System,1999,26(2):99-123.
[356].Walker G., Kogut B., & Shan W.. Social capital,structural holes and the formation of an industry network[J].Organization Science,1997(8):109-125.
[357].Walter A., Auer M., & Ritter T.. The Impact of network capabilities And Entreprerleurial orientation on university spin-off performance[J].Journalof Business Venturing,2006(21):541-567.
[358].Wasserman S., Faust K.. Social network analysis:Methods and applications[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1994.
[359].Weick K. E., Roberts K.H..Collective mind in organizations:heedful interrelating on flight decks[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1993(38): 357-381.
[360].Wellman B..Social structures:network approach[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1988.
[361].Wernerfelt, Birger. A Resource-Based View of the Firm[J].Strategic Management Journal,1984(5).
[362].Wiig K. M.. Knowledge management:where did it come from and where will it go?[J].Journal of Expert Systems with Applications, Special Issues on Knowledge Management,1997,13(1):50-60.
[363].Wiklund J., Shepherd D.. Knowledg-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the Performance of small and medium-sized businesses[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(13):1307-1314.
[364].Williamson O.E.. The economics of organization:the transaction cost approach[J].American Journal of Sociology,1981(87):548-77.
[365].Woolf H.. Webster'S New World Dictionary of The American Language [M].G&C.Merriam,1990.
[366].Xin K., Pearce J. L.. Guanxi:Connections as substitutes for formal institutional support[J]. Academy of Management Journal,1996,39(6):1461-1568.
[367].Yli-Renko H.,Autio E., Sapienza H.J.. Social capital, knowledge acquisition, and technology-based firms[J].strategic management journal,2001(22):587-613.
[368].Zahra S. A., George G...Absorptive capability: A review, reconceptualization, and extension[J].Academy of Management Review,2002,27 (2):185-203.
[369].Zahra S.A.,et al.. International expansion by new venture firms:International diversity, mode of entry, technological learning, and Performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(5):925-950.
[370].Zaltman G., Duncan R., & Holbek J.. Innovations and organizations[M].New York:Wiley,1973.
[371].Zollo M., Winter S. G.. Deliberate Learning and the Evolution of Dynamic Capabilities[J].Organization Science,2002(13):339-351.