飞机起落架地面滑行试验系统设计
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摘要
飞机起落架动力特性研究是飞机设计中的一个重要环节,由于起落架对道路不平度激励的响应及受道面影响具有一定的复杂性,目前在试验和理论方面对飞机起落架动力特性研究还很不完善。因此,设计一套飞机起落架地面滑行试验系统来研究起落架动力特性具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。
本文从能真实反映起落架的滑行过程全貌出发,提出了飞机起落架地面滑行试验系统的设计方案,并论证了本系统采用半物理仿真方法的优势。
设计了试验系统台架结构,并根据有限元法及MSC.Patran/Nastran软件对台架进行了力学特性分析。静力分析中,找出应力最大值区域,并进行了相应的改进。模态分析中,计算和分析了试验台架的固有频率和振型。并对其进行静力和模态优化,分析出了其最优的结构参数。
对试验系统的液压部分进行了设计。通过分析飞机起落架滑跑过程中的动力学特性,得出了飞机起落架滑跑的负载特性曲线,据此确定液压系统方案、拟定液压系统图、选定液压元件。最后在MSC.EASY5仿真软件平台上,结合工作原理图对设计好的液压系统进行数字化建模和仿真分析,验证了所设计的液压系统各项性能指标符合设计要求。
The study on the dynamic properties of the aircraft landing gear is a very important part in aircraft design. Owing to the complexity in the response of the aircraft landing gear to runway unevenness and various road conditions, the study on the dynamic properties of the aircraft landing gear remains incomplete both in theory and test. Therefore, the systematical studies on the dynamic properties of the aircraft landing gear have not only the important theoretical significance, but also a practical value.
In order to truly reflect all aspects of the aircraft landing gear taxiing, in this paper, a scheme of the aircraft landing gear taxiing test system is given, and the advantages of adopting hardware in the 1oop simulation (HILS) in this system are demonstrated.
The design of a test platform of aircraft landing gear taxiing is given, and a static and dynamic analysis on the test platform based on the finite element method and MSC.Patran/Nastran software is presented. The maximal stress region is founded in the static analysis, and corresponding improvement is carried out. The natural frequencies and modal shape are also computed in dynamic analysis. The optimum structural parameter is obtained through the structural improvement and structure optimization of the test platform.
The design of the hydraulic pressure part of the test system is given in this paper. Through the analysis of the dynamic properties displayed during aircraft landing gear taxiing, a curve diagram of its load characteristics is obtained, and according to which a scheme of hydraulic pressure system is made, a hydraulic system's schematic diagram is designed, and hydraulic components are chosen. At last, a digital modelling and analytical simulation of the designed hydraulic system with the help of the principle blueprint on the simulating software platform MSC.EASY5 is given, which validates the performance of hydraulic system designed.
本文从能真实反映起落架的滑行过程全貌出发,提出了飞机起落架地面滑行试验系统的设计方案,并论证了本系统采用半物理仿真方法的优势。
设计了试验系统台架结构,并根据有限元法及MSC.Patran/Nastran软件对台架进行了力学特性分析。静力分析中,找出应力最大值区域,并进行了相应的改进。模态分析中,计算和分析了试验台架的固有频率和振型。并对其进行静力和模态优化,分析出了其最优的结构参数。
对试验系统的液压部分进行了设计。通过分析飞机起落架滑跑过程中的动力学特性,得出了飞机起落架滑跑的负载特性曲线,据此确定液压系统方案、拟定液压系统图、选定液压元件。最后在MSC.EASY5仿真软件平台上,结合工作原理图对设计好的液压系统进行数字化建模和仿真分析,验证了所设计的液压系统各项性能指标符合设计要求。
The study on the dynamic properties of the aircraft landing gear is a very important part in aircraft design. Owing to the complexity in the response of the aircraft landing gear to runway unevenness and various road conditions, the study on the dynamic properties of the aircraft landing gear remains incomplete both in theory and test. Therefore, the systematical studies on the dynamic properties of the aircraft landing gear have not only the important theoretical significance, but also a practical value.
In order to truly reflect all aspects of the aircraft landing gear taxiing, in this paper, a scheme of the aircraft landing gear taxiing test system is given, and the advantages of adopting hardware in the 1oop simulation (HILS) in this system are demonstrated.
The design of a test platform of aircraft landing gear taxiing is given, and a static and dynamic analysis on the test platform based on the finite element method and MSC.Patran/Nastran software is presented. The maximal stress region is founded in the static analysis, and corresponding improvement is carried out. The natural frequencies and modal shape are also computed in dynamic analysis. The optimum structural parameter is obtained through the structural improvement and structure optimization of the test platform.
The design of the hydraulic pressure part of the test system is given in this paper. Through the analysis of the dynamic properties displayed during aircraft landing gear taxiing, a curve diagram of its load characteristics is obtained, and according to which a scheme of hydraulic pressure system is made, a hydraulic system's schematic diagram is designed, and hydraulic components are chosen. At last, a digital modelling and analytical simulation of the designed hydraulic system with the help of the principle blueprint on the simulating software platform MSC.EASY5 is given, which validates the performance of hydraulic system designed.
引文
[1] 陈静,谢岳. 半物理仿真试验用运动模拟试验转台的动态要求[J]. 中国惯性技术学报,2004,12(04):77-80.
[2] 程永全,道路模拟试验系统的关键技术--远程参数控制技术[J]. 试验技术与试验机,2001,41(3):32-36.
[3] 邱法维, 钱稼茹, 陈志鹏. 结构抗震试验方法[M]. 北京: 科学出版社,2000,1-25.
[4] 孙仁云,徐延海,李平飞,等. 汽车强化试验路面模拟试验台架设计[J]. 西华大学学报,2006, 24(6): 1-5.
[5] 赵孟文. 半物理仿真飞机防滑刹车系统试验台设计[J]. 西安航空技术高等专科学校学报,2006,24(05):6-8.
[6] 孟浩,赵国良,王岚. 船舶运动半物理仿真系统[J]. 系统仿真学报,2003,15(03):457-459.
[7] 张清江,刘磊,张剑锋,等. 某型直升机半物理仿真系统的设计[J]. 计算机测量与控制,2006,14(03):400-403.
[8] 沈 航 . 飞 机 起 落 架 着 陆 与 滑 跑 性 能 分 析 [J]. 应 用 力 学 学 报 ,2001,18(增):198-202.
[9] 林剑. 直升机旋翼动平衡试验台台体架的有限元分析计算,[硕士学位论文],哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2004.
[10] 陈颖. 飞机起落架机轮落震试验伺服系统的设计[J]. 液压与气动,2006,1: 7-8.
[11] Kazman, R.; Asundi, J.; Jung Soo Kim, etc. A simulation test-bed for mobile adaptive architectures [J], Computer Standards & Interfaces, 2003, 25(03):291-298.
[12] Wu, Hao; Zhang, Xiu-Bin. Study on the HILS testing system for the electric traction system of the DC Locomotives[C],Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society),v 4,Conference Record of the 2005 IEEE Industry Applications Conference,40th IAS Annual Meeting,2005,p2464-2467.
[13] Jeon, Jeong-Woo;Woo, Gui-Aee;Lee, Ki-Chang; etc. Real-time test of aircraft brake-by-wire system with HILS and dynamometer system[C],Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics 2004, ICM'04, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics 2004, ICM'04, 2004, p 322-327.
[14] Jeong-Woo Jeon; Gui-Aee Woo; Ki-Chang Lee; etc. Developments of ABS controller for aircraft with real-time HILS system[C], Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.03EX782), 2003, vol.2, pt. 2, 498-501.
[15] Ki-Chang Lee; Jeong-Woo Jeon; Don-Ha Hwang; etc. Comparison between software simulation and HIL simulation of antiskid brake system for aircrafts[C], IECON 2005. Thirty-First Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IEEE Cat. No.05CH37699), 2005, 6 pp.
[16] Haukap,Carsten;Ropke,Karsten;Barzantny,Berthold.Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HIL) for production engine development[J],IPDS 2006: Integrated Powertrain and Driveline Systems 2006, 2006, p 77-86.
[17] 刘鸿文. 材料力学(上册)[M]. 第三版. 北京:高等教育出版社,1992,15-332.
[18] 王鑫伟. 结构有限元分析[A]. 第一版. 南京:南京航空航天大学印刷厂,2004,20-150.
[19] 刘兵山,黄聪. Patran 从入门到精通[M]. 第一版. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002,20-310.
[20] 马爱军,周传月,王旭. Patran 和 Nastran 有限元分析专业教程[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2005,202-254.
[21] 王新琴,张道远,曾励,等. 电动机换向抽油机支架的有限元分析[J]. 扬州大学学报:自然科学版,2005,8(02):32-34.
[22] 曾励,王新琴,张道远,等. 抽油机支架的有限元动态性能分析[J]. 扬州大学学报:自然科学版,2006,9(02):31-34.
[23] 马玉梅,付兴滨. 大型落下孔车车体的结构分析及稳定性计算[J]. 应用科技,2004,34(07):13-15.
[24] 傅万刚,韩军,穆 荣,等. 具有某阶频率约束的试验架设计[J]. 振动、测试与诊断,2004,24(03):218-220.
[25] 马蕊婷,崔荣耀. 飞机起落架随机滑跑试验控制系统设计[C]. 2005 年航空试验测试技术学术交流会论文集,四川雅安,2005 年 8 月, 48-53.
[26] 曹鑫铭. 液压伺服系统[M]. 第一版. 北京:冶金工业出版社,1991,1-274.
[27] 高泽迥. 飞机设计手册(第 14 册)[M],第一版. 北京:航空工业出版社,2002,95-170.
[28] 贾铭新,曹诚明. 液压传动与控制[M]. 第一版. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1993,10-202.
[29] 机械设计手册编委会. 机械设计手册(第四册)[M]. 第二版. 北京:机械工业出版社,2004,1-950.
[30] 成大先. 机械设计手册单行本:液压控制[M]. 第一版. 北京:化学工业出版社,2004,55-300.
[31] 徐灏. 机械设计手册第 1 卷[M]. 第一版. 北京:机械工业出版社,1991,20-320.
[32] 雷天觉. 新编液压工程手册[M]. 第二版.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998,1-2000.
[33] 于辉. 某型飞机起落架液压系统的设计与分析,[硕士学位论文],南京:南京航空航天大学,2006.
[34] 刘浩亮. 基于MSC EASY5 液压自动调平方舱振动仿真分析[J]. 计算机辅助工程,2006,15(增):281-283.
[35] 严永林,廖明建. 基于 EASY5 的汽车自动变速器换挡品质分析[J]. 中南林学院学报,2006,26(06):172-176.
[36] 董素君,封正纲. EASY5 仿真软件在制冷系统仿真中的应用[J]. 低温工程,2003,(03):34-41.
[37] Hustrulid, T.R.; Chaplin, J. Development of hydraulic laboratories using EASY5 [J], Paper-American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1997,v2,7p.
[38] Ginsburg, Claude; Harrison, John. Modeling and simulation of complex hydraulic valves using EASY5 software [J], SAE Special Publications, Trends and Developments in Fluid Power for Off-Highway Applications, 1997, v1289, p29-35.
[39] Liu,Song; Krutz,Gary;Yao,Bin.EASY5 model of two position solenoid operated cartridge valve[J],American Society of Mechanical Engineers, The Fluid Power and Systems Technology Division(Publication)FPST,v9,Fluid Power Systems and Technology-2002,2002,p 63-67.
[40] Harrison,J.E.Integration of CAE tools for complete system prototyping[C],Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Fluid Power Transmission and Control(ISFP'99),1999,p578-582.
[41] 方平. 小车式飞机起落架着陆与滑跑动态性能仿真分析,[硕士学位论文],南京:南京航空航天大学,2004.
[42] 范伟. 小车式飞机起落架着陆半主动控制仿真研究[硕士学位论文],南京:南京航空航天大学,2006.
[43] The Boeing Company.Thermal Hydraulic Systems Library User Guide[Z]. America: The Boeing Company, 2005.
[44] Katebi, M.R.; Lee, T.; Rouse, M. EASY5 application in process modelling, optimization and control[J],Measurement and Control,1992,25(7):207-12.
[45] Tsung-Chieh Lin; Yae, K.H.; Shih-Tin Lin. Merger of constrained multibody dynamics into EASY5[C], Proceedings of the 1992 Summer Computer Simulation Conference. Twenty-Fourth Annual Computer Simulation Conference, 1992, 585-9.
[46] 范文杰,张子达,文广. 挖掘装载机装载工作装置动力分析[J]. 建筑机械,2005(05):70-71.
[2] 程永全,道路模拟试验系统的关键技术--远程参数控制技术[J]. 试验技术与试验机,2001,41(3):32-36.
[3] 邱法维, 钱稼茹, 陈志鹏. 结构抗震试验方法[M]. 北京: 科学出版社,2000,1-25.
[4] 孙仁云,徐延海,李平飞,等. 汽车强化试验路面模拟试验台架设计[J]. 西华大学学报,2006, 24(6): 1-5.
[5] 赵孟文. 半物理仿真飞机防滑刹车系统试验台设计[J]. 西安航空技术高等专科学校学报,2006,24(05):6-8.
[6] 孟浩,赵国良,王岚. 船舶运动半物理仿真系统[J]. 系统仿真学报,2003,15(03):457-459.
[7] 张清江,刘磊,张剑锋,等. 某型直升机半物理仿真系统的设计[J]. 计算机测量与控制,2006,14(03):400-403.
[8] 沈 航 . 飞 机 起 落 架 着 陆 与 滑 跑 性 能 分 析 [J]. 应 用 力 学 学 报 ,2001,18(增):198-202.
[9] 林剑. 直升机旋翼动平衡试验台台体架的有限元分析计算,[硕士学位论文],哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2004.
[10] 陈颖. 飞机起落架机轮落震试验伺服系统的设计[J]. 液压与气动,2006,1: 7-8.
[11] Kazman, R.; Asundi, J.; Jung Soo Kim, etc. A simulation test-bed for mobile adaptive architectures [J], Computer Standards & Interfaces, 2003, 25(03):291-298.
[12] Wu, Hao; Zhang, Xiu-Bin. Study on the HILS testing system for the electric traction system of the DC Locomotives[C],Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society),v 4,Conference Record of the 2005 IEEE Industry Applications Conference,40th IAS Annual Meeting,2005,p2464-2467.
[13] Jeon, Jeong-Woo;Woo, Gui-Aee;Lee, Ki-Chang; etc. Real-time test of aircraft brake-by-wire system with HILS and dynamometer system[C],Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics 2004, ICM'04, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics 2004, ICM'04, 2004, p 322-327.
[14] Jeong-Woo Jeon; Gui-Aee Woo; Ki-Chang Lee; etc. Developments of ABS controller for aircraft with real-time HILS system[C], Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.03EX782), 2003, vol.2, pt. 2, 498-501.
[15] Ki-Chang Lee; Jeong-Woo Jeon; Don-Ha Hwang; etc. Comparison between software simulation and HIL simulation of antiskid brake system for aircrafts[C], IECON 2005. Thirty-First Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IEEE Cat. No.05CH37699), 2005, 6 pp.
[16] Haukap,Carsten;Ropke,Karsten;Barzantny,Berthold.Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HIL) for production engine development[J],IPDS 2006: Integrated Powertrain and Driveline Systems 2006, 2006, p 77-86.
[17] 刘鸿文. 材料力学(上册)[M]. 第三版. 北京:高等教育出版社,1992,15-332.
[18] 王鑫伟. 结构有限元分析[A]. 第一版. 南京:南京航空航天大学印刷厂,2004,20-150.
[19] 刘兵山,黄聪. Patran 从入门到精通[M]. 第一版. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002,20-310.
[20] 马爱军,周传月,王旭. Patran 和 Nastran 有限元分析专业教程[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2005,202-254.
[21] 王新琴,张道远,曾励,等. 电动机换向抽油机支架的有限元分析[J]. 扬州大学学报:自然科学版,2005,8(02):32-34.
[22] 曾励,王新琴,张道远,等. 抽油机支架的有限元动态性能分析[J]. 扬州大学学报:自然科学版,2006,9(02):31-34.
[23] 马玉梅,付兴滨. 大型落下孔车车体的结构分析及稳定性计算[J]. 应用科技,2004,34(07):13-15.
[24] 傅万刚,韩军,穆 荣,等. 具有某阶频率约束的试验架设计[J]. 振动、测试与诊断,2004,24(03):218-220.
[25] 马蕊婷,崔荣耀. 飞机起落架随机滑跑试验控制系统设计[C]. 2005 年航空试验测试技术学术交流会论文集,四川雅安,2005 年 8 月, 48-53.
[26] 曹鑫铭. 液压伺服系统[M]. 第一版. 北京:冶金工业出版社,1991,1-274.
[27] 高泽迥. 飞机设计手册(第 14 册)[M],第一版. 北京:航空工业出版社,2002,95-170.
[28] 贾铭新,曹诚明. 液压传动与控制[M]. 第一版. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1993,10-202.
[29] 机械设计手册编委会. 机械设计手册(第四册)[M]. 第二版. 北京:机械工业出版社,2004,1-950.
[30] 成大先. 机械设计手册单行本:液压控制[M]. 第一版. 北京:化学工业出版社,2004,55-300.
[31] 徐灏. 机械设计手册第 1 卷[M]. 第一版. 北京:机械工业出版社,1991,20-320.
[32] 雷天觉. 新编液压工程手册[M]. 第二版.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998,1-2000.
[33] 于辉. 某型飞机起落架液压系统的设计与分析,[硕士学位论文],南京:南京航空航天大学,2006.
[34] 刘浩亮. 基于MSC EASY5 液压自动调平方舱振动仿真分析[J]. 计算机辅助工程,2006,15(增):281-283.
[35] 严永林,廖明建. 基于 EASY5 的汽车自动变速器换挡品质分析[J]. 中南林学院学报,2006,26(06):172-176.
[36] 董素君,封正纲. EASY5 仿真软件在制冷系统仿真中的应用[J]. 低温工程,2003,(03):34-41.
[37] Hustrulid, T.R.; Chaplin, J. Development of hydraulic laboratories using EASY5 [J], Paper-American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1997,v2,7p.
[38] Ginsburg, Claude; Harrison, John. Modeling and simulation of complex hydraulic valves using EASY5 software [J], SAE Special Publications, Trends and Developments in Fluid Power for Off-Highway Applications, 1997, v1289, p29-35.
[39] Liu,Song; Krutz,Gary;Yao,Bin.EASY5 model of two position solenoid operated cartridge valve[J],American Society of Mechanical Engineers, The Fluid Power and Systems Technology Division(Publication)FPST,v9,Fluid Power Systems and Technology-2002,2002,p 63-67.
[40] Harrison,J.E.Integration of CAE tools for complete system prototyping[C],Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Fluid Power Transmission and Control(ISFP'99),1999,p578-582.
[41] 方平. 小车式飞机起落架着陆与滑跑动态性能仿真分析,[硕士学位论文],南京:南京航空航天大学,2004.
[42] 范伟. 小车式飞机起落架着陆半主动控制仿真研究[硕士学位论文],南京:南京航空航天大学,2006.
[43] The Boeing Company.Thermal Hydraulic Systems Library User Guide[Z]. America: The Boeing Company, 2005.
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[45] Tsung-Chieh Lin; Yae, K.H.; Shih-Tin Lin. Merger of constrained multibody dynamics into EASY5[C], Proceedings of the 1992 Summer Computer Simulation Conference. Twenty-Fourth Annual Computer Simulation Conference, 1992, 585-9.
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