冷藏车热工性能分析及其真空隔热材料研制
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摘要
节约能源和保护环境是全球经济增长和社会进步的重要保障,但目前全球能源日趋紧张、能源消耗日益严重,在冷藏运输行业显得尤为明显。随着经济的快速发展和国民消费水平的提高,全社会对冷藏运输食品的质量和安全也越来越重视,这也促进了冷链物流业的快速发展,扩大了市场对冷藏车的需求。本研究在理论上分析冷藏运输及冷藏车的能耗现状和发展趋势,通过对冷藏车厢体进行简化,建立厢体隔热围护结构热平衡模型,为分析冷藏车厢体漏热及能耗提供依据;在实践上,对冷藏车展开热工性能检测分析,研制冷藏车真空隔热材料围护结构样板,分析不同材料冷藏车厢体的漏热和传热冷损失。总的来说,本研究具有重要的理论价值和社会现实意义。
本文的研究内容主要有:
(1)通过文献查阅等形式,分析国内外在冷藏运输能耗方面的研究成果,并掌握冷藏运输的现状及发展趋势。就当前发展迅猛的公路冷藏车的销量、厢体制作技术和常用隔热材料进行介绍,分析冷藏车能耗情况,指出应对现有冷藏车进行漏热检测。
(2)参考保温、冷藏车性能试验方法等国家标准,对现有冷藏车进行气密性、漏热率和制冷控温等热工性能检测,了解目前冷藏车的热工性能参数,为提高冷藏运输装备热工性能和分析冷藏运输能耗提供依据。
(3)以真空绝热板为嵌板、玻璃钢为内外侧壁面材料和聚氨酯为填充材料,采用分片式高压灌注法制备冷藏车真空隔热围护结构材料。分析真空绝热板的绝热机理和影响其隔热性能的因素,指出采用真空隔热材料制备冷藏车厢体可以降低冷藏车的漏热量、减缓厢体老化速率,是公路冷藏车的发展趋势。
(4)对冷藏车厢体进行简化,采用动态负荷计算法建立冷藏车厢体隔热围护结构热平衡模型,并对冷藏车厢体冷负荷进行分析。通过计算对比四种不同材料冷藏车厢体的漏热量(冷量损失)和能耗情况,结果表明真空隔热材料厢体比常规隔热材料厢体节能约30%。
To save energy and protect the environment is an important guarantee of global economic growth and social progress, but global energy is increasingly tense, and energy consumption is growing, particularly in the refrigerated transport industry. With the rapid economic development and improvement of the national consumption,consumers pay more attention to frozen transport food quality and safety. It has promoted the rapid development of cold chain logistics industry, expanded the market demand for refrigerated trucks. This research analyzed current status and development trend of refrigerated transport and refrigerated trucks in theory, and established heat equilibrium model of heat insulation palisade structure in refrigerated trucks by simplifying refrigerated truck body, which can provide reference for studying refrigerated transport energy consumption. In practice, it developed a new type of heat insulation materials model of refrigerated trucks palisade structure by detecting thermal performance of refrigerated trucks, and studied energy consumption situation of refrigerated truck bodies made of different materials by simulations. Overall, this research has important theoretical and practical significance.
This paper mainly studied contents as follows:
(1) Through literature search and reading, this paper analyzed results of domestic energy consumption in refrigerated transport of China, and studied the status and development trends of refrigerated transport. Through analyses of current situation and energy consumption of highway refrigerated transport which has developed rapidly, this paper studied manufacture technology and thermal insulation material of the refrigerated truck body.
(2) According to state standards such as heat insulation and refrigerated trucks performance test methods, thermal performance of new factory refrigerated trucks such as air tightness, heat leakage rate and refrigeration temperature control were tested in this paper. Then thermal performance parameters of domestic refrigerated trucks were studied as references for improving refrigerated transport tool performance and analyzing refrigerated transport energy consumption.
(3) Using new vacuum insulation panel as panels, glass steel as inside and outside surface, and polyurethane as filling materials, this research made new thermal insulation material model of refrigerated truck by slice high-pressure perfusion and analyzed its adiabatic mechanism, influence factors of thermal insulation and methods of improving thermal insulation performance. It was pointed that, with growing energy consumption nowadays, environmental protection, energy saving, intelligence are development trends of highway refrigerated trucks.
(4) By simplifying refrigerated truck body, heat balance model of heat insulation palisade structure in the refrigerated truck was established by using the dynamic load calculation. Then the cooling load of refrigerated truck body was analyzed. Meanwhile, this paper compared with energy consumptions of refrigerated truck bodies made of different materials using simulation software and it was shown that with new thermal insulation materials, energy consumption of refrigerated trucks was reduced by about 30%.
本文的研究内容主要有:
(1)通过文献查阅等形式,分析国内外在冷藏运输能耗方面的研究成果,并掌握冷藏运输的现状及发展趋势。就当前发展迅猛的公路冷藏车的销量、厢体制作技术和常用隔热材料进行介绍,分析冷藏车能耗情况,指出应对现有冷藏车进行漏热检测。
(2)参考保温、冷藏车性能试验方法等国家标准,对现有冷藏车进行气密性、漏热率和制冷控温等热工性能检测,了解目前冷藏车的热工性能参数,为提高冷藏运输装备热工性能和分析冷藏运输能耗提供依据。
(3)以真空绝热板为嵌板、玻璃钢为内外侧壁面材料和聚氨酯为填充材料,采用分片式高压灌注法制备冷藏车真空隔热围护结构材料。分析真空绝热板的绝热机理和影响其隔热性能的因素,指出采用真空隔热材料制备冷藏车厢体可以降低冷藏车的漏热量、减缓厢体老化速率,是公路冷藏车的发展趋势。
(4)对冷藏车厢体进行简化,采用动态负荷计算法建立冷藏车厢体隔热围护结构热平衡模型,并对冷藏车厢体冷负荷进行分析。通过计算对比四种不同材料冷藏车厢体的漏热量(冷量损失)和能耗情况,结果表明真空隔热材料厢体比常规隔热材料厢体节能约30%。
To save energy and protect the environment is an important guarantee of global economic growth and social progress, but global energy is increasingly tense, and energy consumption is growing, particularly in the refrigerated transport industry. With the rapid economic development and improvement of the national consumption,consumers pay more attention to frozen transport food quality and safety. It has promoted the rapid development of cold chain logistics industry, expanded the market demand for refrigerated trucks. This research analyzed current status and development trend of refrigerated transport and refrigerated trucks in theory, and established heat equilibrium model of heat insulation palisade structure in refrigerated trucks by simplifying refrigerated truck body, which can provide reference for studying refrigerated transport energy consumption. In practice, it developed a new type of heat insulation materials model of refrigerated trucks palisade structure by detecting thermal performance of refrigerated trucks, and studied energy consumption situation of refrigerated truck bodies made of different materials by simulations. Overall, this research has important theoretical and practical significance.
This paper mainly studied contents as follows:
(1) Through literature search and reading, this paper analyzed results of domestic energy consumption in refrigerated transport of China, and studied the status and development trends of refrigerated transport. Through analyses of current situation and energy consumption of highway refrigerated transport which has developed rapidly, this paper studied manufacture technology and thermal insulation material of the refrigerated truck body.
(2) According to state standards such as heat insulation and refrigerated trucks performance test methods, thermal performance of new factory refrigerated trucks such as air tightness, heat leakage rate and refrigeration temperature control were tested in this paper. Then thermal performance parameters of domestic refrigerated trucks were studied as references for improving refrigerated transport tool performance and analyzing refrigerated transport energy consumption.
(3) Using new vacuum insulation panel as panels, glass steel as inside and outside surface, and polyurethane as filling materials, this research made new thermal insulation material model of refrigerated truck by slice high-pressure perfusion and analyzed its adiabatic mechanism, influence factors of thermal insulation and methods of improving thermal insulation performance. It was pointed that, with growing energy consumption nowadays, environmental protection, energy saving, intelligence are development trends of highway refrigerated trucks.
(4) By simplifying refrigerated truck body, heat balance model of heat insulation palisade structure in the refrigerated truck was established by using the dynamic load calculation. Then the cooling load of refrigerated truck body was analyzed. Meanwhile, this paper compared with energy consumptions of refrigerated truck bodies made of different materials using simulation software and it was shown that with new thermal insulation materials, energy consumption of refrigerated trucks was reduced by about 30%.
引文
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[4] James S J, James C, Evans J A. Modelling of food transportation systems-a review [J]. Int. J. Refrigeration, 2006,29:947-957.
[5]国际制冷学会.国际制冷学会关于制冷领域应优先研究问题的列表[J].制冷学报,2006,30(3):59-62.
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[7]康景隆.食品冷藏链技术[M].北京:中国商业出版社,2005.02.
[8]阚安康.冷藏集装箱真空绝热板的设计制作及应用研究[D].上海:上海海事大学, 2006.
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[11] P.C.Tseng,H.S.Chu. The effects of PE additive on the performance of polystyrene vacuum insulation panels[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009 (52): 3084-3090.
[12]孙企达.真空冷却气调保鲜技术及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[13] C.P.Tso,S.C.M.Yu,H.J.Poh,P.G.Jolly.Experimental study on the heat and mass transfer characteristics in a refrigerated truck[J].International Journal of Refrigeration.2002.25: 340-350.
[14] J.Moureh,D.Flick.Airflow pattern and temperature distribution in a typical refrigerated truck configuration loaded with pallets[J].International Journal of Refrigeration.2004.27: 464-474.
[15] MashudAhmed,OliverMeade,MarioA.Medina.Reducing heat transfer across the insulated walls of refrigerated truck trailers by the application of phase change materials [J]Energy Conversion and Management.2010.51: 3834-392.
[16]温永刚,杨建斌,陈光奇.真空绝热板(VIP)技术及其发展[J].低温工程,2008(06):35-39.
[17] J.Fricke,U.Heinemann,H.P..Ebert.Vacuum insulation panels—From research to market [J].Vacuum, 2008.03(07):680-690.
[18] Roland Caps,Hermann Beyrichen,Daniel Kraus.Quality control of vacuum insulation panels: Methods of measuring gas pressure[J].Vacuum,2008(82):691-699.
[19] Jae-Sung Kwon,Choong Hyo Jang,Haeyong Jung.Effective thermal conductivity of various filling materials for vacuum insulation panels[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,209.11(52): 5525-5532.
[20] H.Simmler,S.Brunner.Vacuum insulation panels for building application Basic properties, aging mechanisms and service life[J]. Energy and Buildings,2005(37): 1122-1131.
[21] T.Nussbaumer,R.Bundi,Ch.Tanner.Thermal analysis of a wooden door system with integrated vacuum insulation panels[J]. Energy and Buildings,2005(37):1107-1113.
[22] Kuninari Araki,Daigorou Kamoto,Shin-ichi Matsuoka.Optimization about multilayer laminated film and getter device materials of vacuum insulation panel for using at high temperature[J].Materials processing technology,2009(209):271-282.
[23] Ruben Baetens,Bjon Petter Jelle,Jan Vincent Thue.Vacuum insulation panels for building applications: A review and beyond[J]. Energy and Buildings,2010(42):147-172.
[24] T. Nussbaumer,K. Ghazi Wakili,Ch. Tanner.Experimental and numerical investigation of the thermal performance of a protected vacuum insulation system applied to a concrete wall[J].Applied Energy,2006(83):841-855.
[25] Samuel Brunner,Hans Simmler.In situ performance assessment of vacuum insulation panels in a flat roof construction[J].Vacuum,2008(82):700-707.
[26]谭宏博,梁骞,田宝聪.我国低温冷藏车的研究综述[J].制冷与空调.2007.08:5-8.
[27]姜涤清.公路冷藏车的设计研究[J].集装箱化.2005.09:37-38.
[28]韩林.冷藏车保温车厢体制作技术及隔热材料的应用[J].商用汽车.2005.08:78-79.
[29]刘广海,谢如鹤.冷藏车热性能及能耗分析模型的建立与实验研究[J].制冷学报.2008.06:47-53.
[30]刘敬辉,陈江平,陈芝久.风幕对冷藏车性能影响的仿真分析和试验研究[J].流体机械[J]2006.01:52-55.
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