基于电网脆弱性和经济性的PMU最优配置研究
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摘要
随着现代电力系统的不断发展,电力系统的运行方式及电力系统自身的结构日渐复杂,因此现代化调度系统需要通过在电网安装PMU来准确全面地掌握电网运行的实际状况,以防出现故障,导致严重后果。但是全网配置PMU不现实也不经济。传统的PMU配置可以满足正常情况下电网的可观测性要求,但是没有考虑电网拓扑结构发生变化时可能造成的不可观测后果；考虑N-1情况的PMU配置可以满足电网N-1故障时的完全可观性,但PMU配置数目多,经济性差。如何解决上述问题成了PMU配置研究的新方向。因此,本文从电网脆弱性和经济性角度出发,提出了一种兼顾N-1故障和经济性的PMU最优配置新方案。
首先进行基于广义特勒根定理的网络脆弱区域辨识。先进行灵敏度计算,然后从母线和支路脆弱度两个角度定义脆弱度综合指标,以IEEE 14和IEEE30标准节点系统作为估计对象,得到母线与支路的脆弱度排序,为后续PMU配置提供了分析基础。
然后以IEEE39标准节点系统为配置对象,进行算法对比,结果表明,考虑剔除零注入节点的基于回归方式的生成树算法相对于其他图论算法具有PMU配置数目少、方案数多的特点；运用该算法进行电网正常情况下的配置和N-1故障情况下的配置,配置结果表明,配置PMU时,既考虑N-1故障情况下的可观性又考虑配置的经济性十分有意义。
最后综合考虑脆弱度排序、正常情况下及N-1情况下PMU配置结果、经济指标、鲁棒性分析,给出了PMU配置新方案,运用改进的快速分解状态估计程序对配置结果进行检验。以IEEE 14和IEEE30标准节点系统作为算例,验证了PMU最优配置新方案的合理性和可行性。
With the continuous development of modern power system, the operation state of power system and the power system structure itself have become increasingly complex, modern scheduling system needs to install the PMU through the grid to accurately and comprehensively grasp the actual situation of power grid to prevent failures, which lead to serious consequences. However, the whole grid installation of PMUs is unrealistic and not economic.Traditional PMU placement can meet the observability requirements under normal circumstances, but it does not include grid topology changes which may lead to unobservability of the grid. The PMU placement considering N-1 situation could meet the observation requirements under N-1 failures, but more PMUs should be needed compared to the traditional PMU placement, which means the much more cost.How to solve the problems above has become a new research direction of PMU placement. Thus, in this paper propose a new method of PMU placement to balance the contradiction between N-1 failures and economy in the aspect of grid vulnerability and economy.
First of all, identify vulnerable areas of the grid by using generalized tellegen's theorem. First, calculate the sensitivity, then, form vulnerability index for the assessment of bus and branch in the grid. A few examples included the networks of IEEE14 and IEEE30 are set to get the vulnerability sorts of bus and branch, which provides the analysis basis of PMU placement.
Then an example of the network of IEEE39 is set to compare the algorithms of PMU placement. The result shows that by using the regression-based spanning tree algorithm without zero-injection buses, we could get the result with more programs and less PMUs compared to other graph algorithms. Through the placement result calculated by the algorithm above under normal circumstances and N-1 failures, it is clear that solving OPP problems with consideration of observability under N-1 failures and economy is very meaningful.
Based on the vulnerability sorts, the PMU placement results under normal circumstances and N-1 failures, economic index, robustness analysis, new method of PMU placement is given. Use the improved procedure of the rapid decomposition for the state estimation to test the result of PMU placement. Use the networks of IEEE14 and IEEE30 as examples to prove that the new method of PMU placement is reasonable and feasible.
首先进行基于广义特勒根定理的网络脆弱区域辨识。先进行灵敏度计算,然后从母线和支路脆弱度两个角度定义脆弱度综合指标,以IEEE 14和IEEE30标准节点系统作为估计对象,得到母线与支路的脆弱度排序,为后续PMU配置提供了分析基础。
然后以IEEE39标准节点系统为配置对象,进行算法对比,结果表明,考虑剔除零注入节点的基于回归方式的生成树算法相对于其他图论算法具有PMU配置数目少、方案数多的特点；运用该算法进行电网正常情况下的配置和N-1故障情况下的配置,配置结果表明,配置PMU时,既考虑N-1故障情况下的可观性又考虑配置的经济性十分有意义。
最后综合考虑脆弱度排序、正常情况下及N-1情况下PMU配置结果、经济指标、鲁棒性分析,给出了PMU配置新方案,运用改进的快速分解状态估计程序对配置结果进行检验。以IEEE 14和IEEE30标准节点系统作为算例,验证了PMU最优配置新方案的合理性和可行性。
With the continuous development of modern power system, the operation state of power system and the power system structure itself have become increasingly complex, modern scheduling system needs to install the PMU through the grid to accurately and comprehensively grasp the actual situation of power grid to prevent failures, which lead to serious consequences. However, the whole grid installation of PMUs is unrealistic and not economic.Traditional PMU placement can meet the observability requirements under normal circumstances, but it does not include grid topology changes which may lead to unobservability of the grid. The PMU placement considering N-1 situation could meet the observation requirements under N-1 failures, but more PMUs should be needed compared to the traditional PMU placement, which means the much more cost.How to solve the problems above has become a new research direction of PMU placement. Thus, in this paper propose a new method of PMU placement to balance the contradiction between N-1 failures and economy in the aspect of grid vulnerability and economy.
First of all, identify vulnerable areas of the grid by using generalized tellegen's theorem. First, calculate the sensitivity, then, form vulnerability index for the assessment of bus and branch in the grid. A few examples included the networks of IEEE14 and IEEE30 are set to get the vulnerability sorts of bus and branch, which provides the analysis basis of PMU placement.
Then an example of the network of IEEE39 is set to compare the algorithms of PMU placement. The result shows that by using the regression-based spanning tree algorithm without zero-injection buses, we could get the result with more programs and less PMUs compared to other graph algorithms. Through the placement result calculated by the algorithm above under normal circumstances and N-1 failures, it is clear that solving OPP problems with consideration of observability under N-1 failures and economy is very meaningful.
Based on the vulnerability sorts, the PMU placement results under normal circumstances and N-1 failures, economic index, robustness analysis, new method of PMU placement is given. Use the improved procedure of the rapid decomposition for the state estimation to test the result of PMU placement. Use the networks of IEEE14 and IEEE30 as examples to prove that the new method of PMU placement is reasonable and feasible.
引文
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