三级重接式电磁发射系统的仿真与实验研究
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摘要
在发射武器领域里，利用化学能的传统发射技术在速度和成本方面存在一些无法逾越的极限，而将电磁能用于发射成为发射技术的一个飞跃。在电磁发射的几种形式中，重接式电磁发射是研究和发展较晚的一种，但是由于它从原理上不仅能克服导轨式电磁发射大电流对导轨的烧蚀严重、同轴线圈式电磁发射同步技术复杂的缺点，而且潜在地综合了导轨式能获得超高速、同轴线圈式能发射大质量的优点，因此重接式电磁发射被认为是一种具有良好发展前景和广泛用途的电磁发射方式。
本文以使用板状发射体和箱形驱动线圈的多级重接式电磁发射技术为研究对象，分析推导了多级驱动线圈电磁场和发射体涡流场的综合作用方程。利用ANSOFT电磁场有限元分析软件建立了多级重接式电磁发射系统新的三维有限元仿真模型，并对多级重接式电磁发射的各驱动线圈电磁场分布和发射体涡流分布进行了仿真计算。本文利用虚功法推导了发射体高速运动情况下多级重接式电磁发射的运动方程，并提出了前级驱动线圈的加权系数，以反映不同驱动线圈电流频率或相位差别的影响。多级重接式电磁发射的运动方程表明，发射体在某一级驱动线圈内的受力，是考虑了电流频率和相位差别影响的该级驱动线圈和前级各驱动线圈综合作用的结果。
上述运动过程的数值积分仿真采用四阶Runge-Kutta法，并结合实际电磁发射实验系统的具体参数，对多级重接式电磁发射过程进行仿真，研究发射体初始位置、放电回路电阻、电源输入能量和发射级数等因素对发射效果的影响。本文提出将真空触发开关(TVS)应用于重接式电磁发射，并分析论证了利用TVS的熄弧特性所引起的电容器组残留能量，从而提高发射效率的可行性。针对多级发射中由于发射体速度过快而造成的加速不充分和发射效率下降，本文提出了按照发射体速度确定放电电流振荡周期，继而确定电容器组电容值的优化设计原则，配合使用TVS作主控开关，可以显著提高发射效率。
多级重接式电磁发射的技术关键是级间的协调，核心硬件是点火单元。在多级重接式电磁发射过程中，存在多次放电以及随之而来的强电磁干扰，因而要求点火单元的动作不仅迅速而且能不受级间互扰。本文设计了新型的手动方式与自动方式相结合的多级点火自动控制系统。TVS的触发电路采用三电极间隙产生陡化的高压触发脉冲来提高TVS的触发精度(触发精度在1μs之内)，并采用光电隔离技术实现高低压的安全隔离，提高了触发电路的抗干扰能力，实现了多级重接式电磁发射准确可靠的点火功能。
本文设计和建立了一套三级重接式电磁发射实验系统，用脉冲电容器组作储能元件，用箱形驱动线圈来发射矩形平板状的发射体，分别用Rogowski线圈和电容分压器
In the field of launch weapons, there are some unsurmountable limits in velocity and cost for the traditional launch technologies using chemical energy. Thus, it's a great improvement to apply electromagnetic energy in the launch technology. Among several forms of electromagnetic launch, reconnection electromagnetic launch is a newly developed one. It can not only overcome the disadvantages of severe erosion in rail electromagnetic launch and complex synchronization in coaxial coil electromagnetic launch, but also potentially combine the advantages of achieving hypervelocity in rail electromagnetic launch and launching large mass in coaxial coil electromagnetic launch. Therefore reconnection electromagnetic launch is regarded as a form of electromagnetic launch with good perspective and wide use.
This dissertation takes the multi-stage reconnection electromagnetic launch with flat plate projectile and box-shaped drive coil as the studying object. The synthesized equations on the drive coil electromagnetic field and the projectile eddy current are analyzed and deduced. By means of the ANSOFT software for electromagnetic field finite element analysis, a new three-dimensional finite element simulation model of multi-stage reconnection electromagnetic launch is established. The multi-stage drive coil electromagnetic field distribution and the projectile eddy current distribution are simulated and computed. With the Virtual Work method, motion equations on multi-stage reconnection electromagnetic launch under hypervelocity circumstance are deduced, and the weighted coefficients of fore-stage drive coils are put forward to reflect the influence of the current frequency or phase difference of various coils. The motion equations show that the force on the projectile within a certain drive coil is a synthesized result of the certain drive coil and the fore-stage drive coils considering the influence of the current frequency and phase differences.
A numeric integral simulation model of the motion course of reconnection electromagnetic launch is established with four-order Runge-Kutta method. Combined with parameters of the actual electromagnetic launch experimental system, numeric simulation of multi-stage reconnection electromagnetic launch course is carried out. The influences of initial projectile position, resistance of the discharge circuit, input power energy, and stages of launch are also discussed. This work applies triggered vacuum switch (TVS) for the circuit making in reconnection electromagnetic launch, and analyzes the feasibility to improve the launch efficiency for the remained energy in capacitor banks caused by the arc extinguishing
本文以使用板状发射体和箱形驱动线圈的多级重接式电磁发射技术为研究对象，分析推导了多级驱动线圈电磁场和发射体涡流场的综合作用方程。利用ANSOFT电磁场有限元分析软件建立了多级重接式电磁发射系统新的三维有限元仿真模型，并对多级重接式电磁发射的各驱动线圈电磁场分布和发射体涡流分布进行了仿真计算。本文利用虚功法推导了发射体高速运动情况下多级重接式电磁发射的运动方程，并提出了前级驱动线圈的加权系数，以反映不同驱动线圈电流频率或相位差别的影响。多级重接式电磁发射的运动方程表明，发射体在某一级驱动线圈内的受力，是考虑了电流频率和相位差别影响的该级驱动线圈和前级各驱动线圈综合作用的结果。
上述运动过程的数值积分仿真采用四阶Runge-Kutta法，并结合实际电磁发射实验系统的具体参数，对多级重接式电磁发射过程进行仿真，研究发射体初始位置、放电回路电阻、电源输入能量和发射级数等因素对发射效果的影响。本文提出将真空触发开关(TVS)应用于重接式电磁发射，并分析论证了利用TVS的熄弧特性所引起的电容器组残留能量，从而提高发射效率的可行性。针对多级发射中由于发射体速度过快而造成的加速不充分和发射效率下降，本文提出了按照发射体速度确定放电电流振荡周期，继而确定电容器组电容值的优化设计原则，配合使用TVS作主控开关，可以显著提高发射效率。
多级重接式电磁发射的技术关键是级间的协调，核心硬件是点火单元。在多级重接式电磁发射过程中，存在多次放电以及随之而来的强电磁干扰，因而要求点火单元的动作不仅迅速而且能不受级间互扰。本文设计了新型的手动方式与自动方式相结合的多级点火自动控制系统。TVS的触发电路采用三电极间隙产生陡化的高压触发脉冲来提高TVS的触发精度(触发精度在1μs之内)，并采用光电隔离技术实现高低压的安全隔离，提高了触发电路的抗干扰能力，实现了多级重接式电磁发射准确可靠的点火功能。
本文设计和建立了一套三级重接式电磁发射实验系统，用脉冲电容器组作储能元件，用箱形驱动线圈来发射矩形平板状的发射体，分别用Rogowski线圈和电容分压器
In the field of launch weapons, there are some unsurmountable limits in velocity and cost for the traditional launch technologies using chemical energy. Thus, it's a great improvement to apply electromagnetic energy in the launch technology. Among several forms of electromagnetic launch, reconnection electromagnetic launch is a newly developed one. It can not only overcome the disadvantages of severe erosion in rail electromagnetic launch and complex synchronization in coaxial coil electromagnetic launch, but also potentially combine the advantages of achieving hypervelocity in rail electromagnetic launch and launching large mass in coaxial coil electromagnetic launch. Therefore reconnection electromagnetic launch is regarded as a form of electromagnetic launch with good perspective and wide use.
This dissertation takes the multi-stage reconnection electromagnetic launch with flat plate projectile and box-shaped drive coil as the studying object. The synthesized equations on the drive coil electromagnetic field and the projectile eddy current are analyzed and deduced. By means of the ANSOFT software for electromagnetic field finite element analysis, a new three-dimensional finite element simulation model of multi-stage reconnection electromagnetic launch is established. The multi-stage drive coil electromagnetic field distribution and the projectile eddy current distribution are simulated and computed. With the Virtual Work method, motion equations on multi-stage reconnection electromagnetic launch under hypervelocity circumstance are deduced, and the weighted coefficients of fore-stage drive coils are put forward to reflect the influence of the current frequency or phase difference of various coils. The motion equations show that the force on the projectile within a certain drive coil is a synthesized result of the certain drive coil and the fore-stage drive coils considering the influence of the current frequency and phase differences.
A numeric integral simulation model of the motion course of reconnection electromagnetic launch is established with four-order Runge-Kutta method. Combined with parameters of the actual electromagnetic launch experimental system, numeric simulation of multi-stage reconnection electromagnetic launch course is carried out. The influences of initial projectile position, resistance of the discharge circuit, input power energy, and stages of launch are also discussed. This work applies triggered vacuum switch (TVS) for the circuit making in reconnection electromagnetic launch, and analyzes the feasibility to improve the launch efficiency for the remained energy in capacitor banks caused by the arc extinguishing
引文
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