空间目标探测双通道光学系统研究
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摘要
天基空间目标探测与识别就是利用天基探测系统,获取空间目标的各种信息,并从中提取出目标的基本特征参量,进而对空间目标的类型、状态以及威胁程度进行判别的一种方法。
本文首先对空间目标探测的国内外研究进展情况进行了系统的分析和总结,详细阐述了开展本文相关研究工作的必要性。并拟定了探测系统的初始技术指标。本文主要研究的工作包括以下几个部分:
(1)对空间目标的可见光特性和红外特性进行具体分析计算,为后续双通道光学系统的技术指标论证提供可行的依据;
(2)根据初始拟定的技术指标以及国内探测器件所能达到的技术水平,选取适当的探测器件。结合空间目标光学特性的分析结果分别对可见光通道光学系统和红外通道光学系统的技术指标进行论证,确定了光学系统的焦距、视场、有效口径。继而论证双通道光学系统可行的探测能力;
(3)对目前已经应用的多通道光学系统结构形式进行分析和总结,并在对光学系统技术指标论证的基础上,结合任务要求,确定了双通道光学系统的结构形式。主系统采用主镜和三镜共用一个基底的三反射系统。利用三镜反射可见、透射红外进行分光。该系统的好处在于:可以实现无渐晕的大视场、场曲小、容易去除杂散光、结构简单、紧凑,易于装调;
(4)根据已论证的光学系统技术指标设计符合要求的双通道光学系统。并对所设计的双通道光学系统进行像质评价、公差分析。最后,对三反射的主系统进行定性的杂散光分析。
The space-based detection and recognition for the space target is a kind of method which is based on space target detection system to gain information of space target. It can extract the basic characteristics of target, then analysis the type, property, operating mode, and even the threat level.
First of all, the general analysis of the space target is carried out. The necessity of the research in this paper is analyzed. And the thesis puts forwards the initial technical index. The primary research details of the paper consist of four parts:
(1)The visible and infrared characteristics of the space target are analyzed and calculated. As a result, these works could apply for demonstrating the technical index of the double channel optical system;
(2)According to the initial technical index and technical level of the detector in domestic, the thesis chooses the appropriate detector for the optical system. After that, by using the result from the characteristics of the space target, the technical index of the double channel optical system is demonstrated. Including focal lengths, field of views, effective apertures. Finally, the ability of detection of the double channel optical system is demonstrated;
(3)Fully analyses of the multi-channel optical system in nowadays have been made. And according to the previous index, the form of the system in the paper is determined. The main system is a three-reflection system, and the primary mirror is designed as the first and the third reflecting surface with different figuring. The main benefits of this design are the large corrected and unvignetted FOV, an easily baffling of stray light, small encumbrance and an easy handing;
(4)Then based on the requirement, the thesis designs the double channel optical system. Moreover, the evaluation of the image quality and analysis of tolerance have finished. Finally, the stray light of the optical system is qualitative analyzed.
本文首先对空间目标探测的国内外研究进展情况进行了系统的分析和总结,详细阐述了开展本文相关研究工作的必要性。并拟定了探测系统的初始技术指标。本文主要研究的工作包括以下几个部分:
(1)对空间目标的可见光特性和红外特性进行具体分析计算,为后续双通道光学系统的技术指标论证提供可行的依据;
(2)根据初始拟定的技术指标以及国内探测器件所能达到的技术水平,选取适当的探测器件。结合空间目标光学特性的分析结果分别对可见光通道光学系统和红外通道光学系统的技术指标进行论证,确定了光学系统的焦距、视场、有效口径。继而论证双通道光学系统可行的探测能力;
(3)对目前已经应用的多通道光学系统结构形式进行分析和总结,并在对光学系统技术指标论证的基础上,结合任务要求,确定了双通道光学系统的结构形式。主系统采用主镜和三镜共用一个基底的三反射系统。利用三镜反射可见、透射红外进行分光。该系统的好处在于:可以实现无渐晕的大视场、场曲小、容易去除杂散光、结构简单、紧凑,易于装调;
(4)根据已论证的光学系统技术指标设计符合要求的双通道光学系统。并对所设计的双通道光学系统进行像质评价、公差分析。最后,对三反射的主系统进行定性的杂散光分析。
The space-based detection and recognition for the space target is a kind of method which is based on space target detection system to gain information of space target. It can extract the basic characteristics of target, then analysis the type, property, operating mode, and even the threat level.
First of all, the general analysis of the space target is carried out. The necessity of the research in this paper is analyzed. And the thesis puts forwards the initial technical index. The primary research details of the paper consist of four parts:
(1)The visible and infrared characteristics of the space target are analyzed and calculated. As a result, these works could apply for demonstrating the technical index of the double channel optical system;
(2)According to the initial technical index and technical level of the detector in domestic, the thesis chooses the appropriate detector for the optical system. After that, by using the result from the characteristics of the space target, the technical index of the double channel optical system is demonstrated. Including focal lengths, field of views, effective apertures. Finally, the ability of detection of the double channel optical system is demonstrated;
(3)Fully analyses of the multi-channel optical system in nowadays have been made. And according to the previous index, the form of the system in the paper is determined. The main system is a three-reflection system, and the primary mirror is designed as the first and the third reflecting surface with different figuring. The main benefits of this design are the large corrected and unvignetted FOV, an easily baffling of stray light, small encumbrance and an easy handing;
(4)Then based on the requirement, the thesis designs the double channel optical system. Moreover, the evaluation of the image quality and analysis of tolerance have finished. Finally, the stray light of the optical system is qualitative analyzed.
引文
1李彤,姚旭.空间目标探测与识别技术.航天航空技术. 2003,4(11):29~34
2李颖,张占月.空间目标监视系统发展现状及展望.国际太空. 2004,8(6):28~31
3周彦平,舒悦,陶坤宇,郭松.空间目标光电探测与识别技术的研究.光学技术. 2007,1(1):68~72
4 Berad. J. K. Configuration trades for a space object surveillance fence. Raytheon Electronic Systems. 2003,8:121~124
5 Capelle K. S, Sharma J. M. Geosynchronous satellite orbit paten. MIT Lincoln Laboratory. 2003,9:221~223
6余慧慧,苏曾立,谭谦.空间目标天基光学观测模式分析.量子电子学报. 2006,11(6):772~775
7 Briscoe D E, Masten G B. Space observation network study. MIT Lincoln Laboratory. 2003,10:78~83
8王杰娟,于小红.国外天基空间目标监视研究现状与特点分析.中国航天.2006,9 (6):36~43
9谭莹.天基探测空间目标技术探讨.空间电子技术. 2006,7(3):5~9
10 Lockheed Martin. Space based infrared system-high.2004,8(10)
11 Center for Defense Information. Budget overrun for SBIRS high confirmed. IEEE.2004,7(9):277~282
12 SMITH M. Military space programs: issues concerning DODS SBIRS and STSS programs. IEEE.2003,11(3):121~127
13 Federal Business Opportunities Presolicitation Notice. Orbital deep space imager concept study RFP release. 2004,10(24):51~55
14魏晨曦.俄罗斯的空间目标监视、识别、探测与跟踪系统.中国航天. 2006(8):39~41
15刘伟,胡以华,骆盛.空间监视的现状及发展趋势.电子对抗. 2008(2):5~11
16 Carroll, Kieran A., Hildebrand, Alan R.NESS: A Dual-Use Microsatellite f-or Asteroid Detection/Tracing. MIT Lincoln library 19th Space Control Conference. 2001,11:321~328
17 Earl M A, Racey T J. Progress report for the Canadian automated small t-elescope for ordital research satellite tracing facility. The Space-surveillance Research and Analysis Laboratory,.2003,9:98~101
18陈罗婧,催玉福,李劲东.国外天基空间目标监视系统研究现状及进展.空间光机专业委员会学术年会. 2008,10:57~62
19李淑军.空间目标形态识别技术的发展. 863航空航天技术. 2003(4):20~30
20刘云猛等.空间目标可见光特性与探测距离估算.红外技术. 2009,1(1):24~27
21 Harrison D C and Chow J C. Space-based visible sensor on MSX satellite. SPIE. 1944, 2217:377~387
22 Africano J L, Stansbery E G. The optical orbital debris measurement program at NASA and AMOS. Advance in Space Research. 2004, 34:892~900
23 Stokes G H, von Braun C, Sridharam R, etc. The space-based visible pro-gram. Lincoln Laboratory Journal. 1998,11(2):205~238
24姚连兴,目标和环境的光学特性.第1版.宇航出版社. 1995:15~18
25韩心志,焦世举.航天光学遥感辐射度学.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1994:18~25
26刘辉.微型航天探测器识别算法研究.计算机仿真. 2007,8(11):22~26
27张永阳.空间目标红外辐射特性研究.南京理工大学硕士论文. 2007.6:25~29
28 Rogne T.J. et al. U.S. Army tank-automotive command thermal image model. SPIE Imaging infrared. 1989,1110:210~215
29赵立新.轨道空间外热流计算的一种新方法.光学精密工程. 1995,3(6):80~85
30韩玉阁,宣益民.卫星的红外辐射特征研究.红外与激光工程. 2005,2(1):34~37
31张伟清.卫星红外辐射特性研究.南京理工大学博士论文. 2006.7:72~75
32 Wyatt C. L. Radiometric System Design. Macmillan. New York. 1987,9
33宋健.空间相机设计与实验.第1版.宇航出版社. 2003:28~33
34 Harrison D C and Chow J C. The space based visible sensor. Johns Hopkins Apl Technical Digest. 1996, 17(2):226~236
35姜宏彬.用NETD表达的红外作用距离方程.光学与光电工程. 2003,1(2):40~41
36 Michael Griggs, William A. Myers. Multispectral sensing natural resources with the MSTI-3 satellite. SPIE. 1994,2314,328~333
37张祥翔,傅雨田.多波段空间推扫相机光学系统设计.应用光学. 2007,7(4):412~415
38樊学武,马臻.红外双波段卡塞格林光学系统设计.光子学报. 2003,4(4):463~465
39 D. Nanni, R. F. Viotti, M. Badiali. A new 30cm three-reflection telescope for wide-field Astronomy on the Antarctic Plateau. SPIE. 2002, 4835:192~202
40 Roberto F. Viotti, Cesare D. La Padula. Two-Mirror, Three-Reflection Telescopes as candidates for sky in ground and space applications. SPIE. 2002, 4849:377~383
41 G. Agnelli, D. Nanni, S. Cola, A. M. Di Lellis, and A. Vignato, in Optical Astronomical Instrumentation, Proc. SPIE. 1998, 3355:703~712
42陈晓丽,傅丹鹰.大口径甚高分辨率空间光学遥感器技术途径探讨.航天返回与遥感. 2003, 8(4):19~21
43魏宇飞.静止轨道海洋成像仪总体指标论证.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2006.7:33~35
44潘君骅.具有三个二次反射镜的光学系统.光学学报. 1988, 10(8):717～721
45潘君骅.光学非球面的设计加工检验.北京:科学出版社. 1994:157~167
46杨剑峰,薛鸣球,安保青.大视场三反射非共轴系统研究.光子学报.1997, 6(3):35~37
47 Paul N. Robb. Three-mirror telescopes: design and optimization. Applied optics. SPIE.1978, 6(17):2677~2685
48常群.光学设计文集.北京:科学出版社. 1976:85~102
49李晓彤,岑兆丰,几何光学·像差·光学设计.浙江大学出版社. 2003:258~260
50宋宁,殷宗敏. R-C系统遮光罩的最优化设计.光学技术. 2001, 27(2):118~122
51高郭鹏.双反射系统的杂散光抑制研究.中科院西安光机所硕士论文. 2009.5:33~35
2李颖,张占月.空间目标监视系统发展现状及展望.国际太空. 2004,8(6):28~31
3周彦平,舒悦,陶坤宇,郭松.空间目标光电探测与识别技术的研究.光学技术. 2007,1(1):68~72
4 Berad. J. K. Configuration trades for a space object surveillance fence. Raytheon Electronic Systems. 2003,8:121~124
5 Capelle K. S, Sharma J. M. Geosynchronous satellite orbit paten. MIT Lincoln Laboratory. 2003,9:221~223
6余慧慧,苏曾立,谭谦.空间目标天基光学观测模式分析.量子电子学报. 2006,11(6):772~775
7 Briscoe D E, Masten G B. Space observation network study. MIT Lincoln Laboratory. 2003,10:78~83
8王杰娟,于小红.国外天基空间目标监视研究现状与特点分析.中国航天.2006,9 (6):36~43
9谭莹.天基探测空间目标技术探讨.空间电子技术. 2006,7(3):5~9
10 Lockheed Martin. Space based infrared system-high.2004,8(10)
11 Center for Defense Information. Budget overrun for SBIRS high confirmed. IEEE.2004,7(9):277~282
12 SMITH M. Military space programs: issues concerning DODS SBIRS and STSS programs. IEEE.2003,11(3):121~127
13 Federal Business Opportunities Presolicitation Notice. Orbital deep space imager concept study RFP release. 2004,10(24):51~55
14魏晨曦.俄罗斯的空间目标监视、识别、探测与跟踪系统.中国航天. 2006(8):39~41
15刘伟,胡以华,骆盛.空间监视的现状及发展趋势.电子对抗. 2008(2):5~11
16 Carroll, Kieran A., Hildebrand, Alan R.NESS: A Dual-Use Microsatellite f-or Asteroid Detection/Tracing. MIT Lincoln library 19th Space Control Conference. 2001,11:321~328
17 Earl M A, Racey T J. Progress report for the Canadian automated small t-elescope for ordital research satellite tracing facility. The Space-surveillance Research and Analysis Laboratory,.2003,9:98~101
18陈罗婧,催玉福,李劲东.国外天基空间目标监视系统研究现状及进展.空间光机专业委员会学术年会. 2008,10:57~62
19李淑军.空间目标形态识别技术的发展. 863航空航天技术. 2003(4):20~30
20刘云猛等.空间目标可见光特性与探测距离估算.红外技术. 2009,1(1):24~27
21 Harrison D C and Chow J C. Space-based visible sensor on MSX satellite. SPIE. 1944, 2217:377~387
22 Africano J L, Stansbery E G. The optical orbital debris measurement program at NASA and AMOS. Advance in Space Research. 2004, 34:892~900
23 Stokes G H, von Braun C, Sridharam R, etc. The space-based visible pro-gram. Lincoln Laboratory Journal. 1998,11(2):205~238
24姚连兴,目标和环境的光学特性.第1版.宇航出版社. 1995:15~18
25韩心志,焦世举.航天光学遥感辐射度学.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1994:18~25
26刘辉.微型航天探测器识别算法研究.计算机仿真. 2007,8(11):22~26
27张永阳.空间目标红外辐射特性研究.南京理工大学硕士论文. 2007.6:25~29
28 Rogne T.J. et al. U.S. Army tank-automotive command thermal image model. SPIE Imaging infrared. 1989,1110:210~215
29赵立新.轨道空间外热流计算的一种新方法.光学精密工程. 1995,3(6):80~85
30韩玉阁,宣益民.卫星的红外辐射特征研究.红外与激光工程. 2005,2(1):34~37
31张伟清.卫星红外辐射特性研究.南京理工大学博士论文. 2006.7:72~75
32 Wyatt C. L. Radiometric System Design. Macmillan. New York. 1987,9
33宋健.空间相机设计与实验.第1版.宇航出版社. 2003:28~33
34 Harrison D C and Chow J C. The space based visible sensor. Johns Hopkins Apl Technical Digest. 1996, 17(2):226~236
35姜宏彬.用NETD表达的红外作用距离方程.光学与光电工程. 2003,1(2):40~41
36 Michael Griggs, William A. Myers. Multispectral sensing natural resources with the MSTI-3 satellite. SPIE. 1994,2314,328~333
37张祥翔,傅雨田.多波段空间推扫相机光学系统设计.应用光学. 2007,7(4):412~415
38樊学武,马臻.红外双波段卡塞格林光学系统设计.光子学报. 2003,4(4):463~465
39 D. Nanni, R. F. Viotti, M. Badiali. A new 30cm three-reflection telescope for wide-field Astronomy on the Antarctic Plateau. SPIE. 2002, 4835:192~202
40 Roberto F. Viotti, Cesare D. La Padula. Two-Mirror, Three-Reflection Telescopes as candidates for sky in ground and space applications. SPIE. 2002, 4849:377~383
41 G. Agnelli, D. Nanni, S. Cola, A. M. Di Lellis, and A. Vignato, in Optical Astronomical Instrumentation, Proc. SPIE. 1998, 3355:703~712
42陈晓丽,傅丹鹰.大口径甚高分辨率空间光学遥感器技术途径探讨.航天返回与遥感. 2003, 8(4):19~21
43魏宇飞.静止轨道海洋成像仪总体指标论证.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2006.7:33~35
44潘君骅.具有三个二次反射镜的光学系统.光学学报. 1988, 10(8):717～721
45潘君骅.光学非球面的设计加工检验.北京:科学出版社. 1994:157~167
46杨剑峰,薛鸣球,安保青.大视场三反射非共轴系统研究.光子学报.1997, 6(3):35~37
47 Paul N. Robb. Three-mirror telescopes: design and optimization. Applied optics. SPIE.1978, 6(17):2677~2685
48常群.光学设计文集.北京:科学出版社. 1976:85~102
49李晓彤,岑兆丰,几何光学·像差·光学设计.浙江大学出版社. 2003:258~260
50宋宁,殷宗敏. R-C系统遮光罩的最优化设计.光学技术. 2001, 27(2):118~122
51高郭鹏.双反射系统的杂散光抑制研究.中科院西安光机所硕士论文. 2009.5:33~35