基于VRML的虚拟监控系统
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摘要
监控技术是在很多领域都广泛应用的技术，从最原始的人在现场的监控到网络监控，监控技术在不断的发展。当前远程监控系统显示现场信息主要有两种形式：1、采用文字、图表、二维图形的形式显示现场信息。如：一般的组态软件。2、视频监控系统。组态软件为工业自动化系统提供了一个人机界面，使控制技术人员可以用最简单的方法组成自己的控制系统，然而，虽然组态软件具有数据采集、数据管理、工程监控等功能，但是它们二维的用户界面与实际工业场景有较大的差距；它们对现场的显示方式比较单调，不够形象和直观，这些都给用户操作带来了不便，容易误操作，而且人机有较大的距离感；视频监控系统的视频监控数据传输量大，对客户端的网络带宽的要求非常高，且对人的依赖性较大无法实现一些机器智能、机器判断与操作等。针对以上情况，本文提出了基于虚拟技术的监控系统：使用现场的数据驱动的客户端仿真模型动作，实现对现场的监控。本文称之为：虚拟监控技术。
本文所说的虚拟监控技术作为一门综合了控制技术、虚拟技术、仿真技术、计算机图形学和多媒体技术等多种学科的控制领域的最新技术，在控制领域中的人机交互技术方面作了一次有益的探索性研究。
本文基于虚拟现实技术，利用虚拟建模语言VRML作为建模语言、Java语言作为开发工具，从视觉、音效、动态参数的三维可视化等方面设计了一个直观、形象的三维虚拟监控环境。用户可以在与工业现场相似的三维监控环境中漫游并监控现饧设备的运行，这在确保实时性的同时，不仅丰富了监控的交互手段，而且有利于提高用户操作的透明度与操作效率及监控的机器智能。本系统由于将三维虚拟场景引入到监控中，并使其具有人机实时交互性，从而展示了远程监控的另一广阔天地。本系统的开发为远程监控提供了一个富有机器智能及现场感真实感等特点的可视化环境，为进一步构建虚拟远程监控打下了良好的基础，同时也为虚拟远程监控的发展途径进行了一次有益的探索。
Monitoring technology is the technology that is used extensively in many fields, and it is developing constantly, such as from the most original monitoring in the scene of person to the network monitoring. The present remote monitoring system showing the on-the-spot information has two kinds of forms mainly: l.The form of adopting characters, chart or the two-dimension figure shows the on-the-spot information, such as: general supervisory software; 2.The monitoring system of the video . The supervisory software offers a personal machine interface for industry contorl system, it make it possible mat technical staff can form one's own control system with the simplest method. However, though the supervisory software has data-gathering, data-management, project monitor etcs, there is relatively great distance in their two-dimension user's interface and actual industry scene; Their display mode for the scene is relatively dull, and is not image and directly perceived . All these bring inconvenience for user operation and is apt to operate by mistake, and man-machine have much feeling of distance; Monitoring system is based on the pattern of video process, through making a video recording head carry on video gathering, then carry on the picture to compress, deal with, transmit. The video control system need transmit a great of data, so the quality of width of network is high for client. To the above situation, the paper has put forward the supervisory control system based on virtual technology: the scene data drives the client simulation model, as that we can monitor the scence. In the paper, we named it as virtual supervisory control technology.
The virtual supervisory control technology which is put forward in this paper is one of latest technology in control field which synthesized control technology, virtual technology, simulation technology, computer figure study, multimedia technology, etc, creates the new field of man-machine interaction. It has done helpful exploration to study in the man-machine interaction technology of the control field.
This paper is based on the technology of virtual reality, designs a visual supervise and control environment of three-dimension virtual scene through vision, sound, visual three-dimension of dynamic parameters with VRML which as modeling language and Java which as development tool. The user can control the function that roamed and controlled the on-the-spot equipment in the environment of three-dimension similar to industrial scene. This is not only rich in the mutual means of control, but helps to improve transparency and efficiency of user's operating and the intelligence of supervisory control..
The system put three-dimension virtual scene into remote supervise and control and make sure that the system has the function of interactive operation between user and computer, and show infinite development of remote supervisory control. Development of the system presents a visual platform for remote supervisory control, it has much characteristic, such as rich machine intelligence and sense of reality on-the-spot sense,etc, laying a solid foundation for virtual remote supervisory control, making a good try for new way of virtual remote supervisory control.
本文所说的虚拟监控技术作为一门综合了控制技术、虚拟技术、仿真技术、计算机图形学和多媒体技术等多种学科的控制领域的最新技术，在控制领域中的人机交互技术方面作了一次有益的探索性研究。
本文基于虚拟现实技术，利用虚拟建模语言VRML作为建模语言、Java语言作为开发工具，从视觉、音效、动态参数的三维可视化等方面设计了一个直观、形象的三维虚拟监控环境。用户可以在与工业现场相似的三维监控环境中漫游并监控现饧设备的运行，这在确保实时性的同时，不仅丰富了监控的交互手段，而且有利于提高用户操作的透明度与操作效率及监控的机器智能。本系统由于将三维虚拟场景引入到监控中，并使其具有人机实时交互性，从而展示了远程监控的另一广阔天地。本系统的开发为远程监控提供了一个富有机器智能及现场感真实感等特点的可视化环境，为进一步构建虚拟远程监控打下了良好的基础，同时也为虚拟远程监控的发展途径进行了一次有益的探索。
Monitoring technology is the technology that is used extensively in many fields, and it is developing constantly, such as from the most original monitoring in the scene of person to the network monitoring. The present remote monitoring system showing the on-the-spot information has two kinds of forms mainly: l.The form of adopting characters, chart or the two-dimension figure shows the on-the-spot information, such as: general supervisory software; 2.The monitoring system of the video . The supervisory software offers a personal machine interface for industry contorl system, it make it possible mat technical staff can form one's own control system with the simplest method. However, though the supervisory software has data-gathering, data-management, project monitor etcs, there is relatively great distance in their two-dimension user's interface and actual industry scene; Their display mode for the scene is relatively dull, and is not image and directly perceived . All these bring inconvenience for user operation and is apt to operate by mistake, and man-machine have much feeling of distance; Monitoring system is based on the pattern of video process, through making a video recording head carry on video gathering, then carry on the picture to compress, deal with, transmit. The video control system need transmit a great of data, so the quality of width of network is high for client. To the above situation, the paper has put forward the supervisory control system based on virtual technology: the scene data drives the client simulation model, as that we can monitor the scence. In the paper, we named it as virtual supervisory control technology.
The virtual supervisory control technology which is put forward in this paper is one of latest technology in control field which synthesized control technology, virtual technology, simulation technology, computer figure study, multimedia technology, etc, creates the new field of man-machine interaction. It has done helpful exploration to study in the man-machine interaction technology of the control field.
This paper is based on the technology of virtual reality, designs a visual supervise and control environment of three-dimension virtual scene through vision, sound, visual three-dimension of dynamic parameters with VRML which as modeling language and Java which as development tool. The user can control the function that roamed and controlled the on-the-spot equipment in the environment of three-dimension similar to industrial scene. This is not only rich in the mutual means of control, but helps to improve transparency and efficiency of user's operating and the intelligence of supervisory control..
The system put three-dimension virtual scene into remote supervise and control and make sure that the system has the function of interactive operation between user and computer, and show infinite development of remote supervisory control. Development of the system presents a visual platform for remote supervisory control, it has much characteristic, such as rich machine intelligence and sense of reality on-the-spot sense,etc, laying a solid foundation for virtual remote supervisory control, making a good try for new way of virtual remote supervisory control.
引文
[1] 宗志方，季晖，谭江天等译，VRML资源手册．电子工业出版设，1998
[2] 严子翔，VRML虚拟现实网页语言，清华大学出版社，2001
[3] 赵晓光，徐德，谭民，基于虚拟监控技术的机器人系统．武汉大学学报(信息科学版)[J]．2003．2：233～236
[4] 王付生，李波，实现测控目标虚拟监控的方法研究．飞行器测控学报[J]．2001．02：15～18
[5] 张颖，费敏锐，三维可视化虚拟现场监控环境的设计及机理．上海交通大学学报[J]．2002．Z1：12～14
[6] 李红霞，基于网络的虚拟三维环境中的人机交互实现途径．工程图学学报[J]．2002．1：131～136
[7] 季立明，王大勇，基于VRML的设备远程监控诊断技术研究．设备管理与维修[J]．2001．4：28～30
[8] 张慧，张明敏，潘志庚，分布式VRML场景的实时浏览和交互观察．系统仿真学报[J]．2001．5：390～393
[9] 何汉武，网络与虚拟现实技术在机器人实验操作中的应用，第2卷，广东工业大学学报[J]，2002．6
[10] 文传源，系统仿真学科与系仿真系统技术，计算机仿真[J]，1992年第7期
[11] 周晓琪，Virtual Reality的内涵及所涉及的关键技术，电子科技导报[J]，1996年第11期
[12] 吴新垣，灵境技术及其在系统仿真中的应用，系统仿真学报[J]，第8卷第4期
[13] 张再兴等，遥现——种重要的虚拟现实技术，机器人[J]，1995年第11期
[14] 张庆、金瓯，力觉临场感系统的工作模式与操作者的环节研究，机器人[J]，1996年第7期
[15] 汪成为，灵境(虚拟现实)是建立和谐仿真系统的关键技术，系统仿真学报[J]，第7卷第4期
[16] 王维平等，灵境技术及其在仿真中的应用展望，电子学报[J]，1995年第4期
[17] 潘志庚等，分布式虚拟环境综述，软件学报[J]，2000，11(4)：461～468．
[18] CQMIH系列编程手册，欧姆龙公司，1999，9：426-460．
[19] 何敏，吕崇德，虚拟现实模型语言在Web仿真中的应用，系统仿真学报[J]，
2001, 3: 189～191.
[20] Remon Spekreijse, A Communication Class for Serial Port[EB/OL], http://codeguru. earthweb. com/network/serialport. shtml.
[21] Modicon Modbus Protocol Reference Guide. MODICON, Inc., Industrial Automation Systems, June 1996. 2～10, 31～32,112～115.
[22] http://vrml. fornax. hu.
[23] John N. Latta and David J. Oberg, A Conceptual Virtual Reality Model, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, January 1994
[24] Dieter Schmalstieg, LODSTAR:An Octree-Based Level of Detail Generator for VRML[R].Technical Report, Vienna University of Technology, Austria 1998.
[25 Alberto Barbosa Raposo, et al. Working with Remote VRML Scenes through Low-Bandwidth Connections[A].Proceedings of VRML Workshop, Brazil, 1997.
[26] Martin Gobel, Industrial Applications of VEs, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, January 1996
[27] Jay Bolter et al., Integrating Perceptual and Symbolic Information in VR, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, July 1995
[28] Dave Sims, See How They Run: Modeling Evacuations in VR, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, March 1995
[29] Uva User Interface Group, Alice: Rapid Prototyping for Virtual Reality, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, May 1995
[30] Richard S. Gallagher, Computer visualization: graphics techniques for scientific and engineering analysis, CRC Press, Inc, 1995
[31] Sam Shaw and Carroll Touch, VACUUM TECHNOLOGY, research & development, August 1985
[32] Carl Machover and Steve. Tice, Virtual Reality, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, January 1994
[33] 王达志，基于DCOM技术的对于设备的远程监控系统的设计与实现：[硕士学位论文]．广东工业大学，2001．
[34] 王劭伯，郑崇苏，大型电气设备远程监控系统的设计及其可靠性，福州大学学报(自然科学版)[J]，2000，4：28～32．
[35] http://www.web3d, org.
[36] John V. Virtual reality system. UN: Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1995:
75-150.
[37] The Virtual Reality Modeling Language. International Standard ISO/IEC 14772—1, 1997
[38] The Virtual Reality Modeling Language InternationaiStandard. ISO/IEC 147721: 1997(1).
[39] Marrin C, External Authoring Interface Reference. http://www. sgl. corn/movingworlds/spec/External Interface. html, 1996 12.
[40] http://www.parallelgraphics. com
[41] http://sh. netsh. com/fcgi-bin/listboard. fcgi?bookname=2685.
[42] 汪兴谦、牛燕明等，VRML与Java编程实例讲解．中国水利水电出版设，2002．
[43] 吴涛，虚拟现实技术在建筑设计领域的应用，工程设计CAD与智能建筑，2002．2
[2] 严子翔，VRML虚拟现实网页语言，清华大学出版社，2001
[3] 赵晓光，徐德，谭民，基于虚拟监控技术的机器人系统．武汉大学学报(信息科学版)[J]．2003．2：233～236
[4] 王付生，李波，实现测控目标虚拟监控的方法研究．飞行器测控学报[J]．2001．02：15～18
[5] 张颖，费敏锐，三维可视化虚拟现场监控环境的设计及机理．上海交通大学学报[J]．2002．Z1：12～14
[6] 李红霞，基于网络的虚拟三维环境中的人机交互实现途径．工程图学学报[J]．2002．1：131～136
[7] 季立明，王大勇，基于VRML的设备远程监控诊断技术研究．设备管理与维修[J]．2001．4：28～30
[8] 张慧，张明敏，潘志庚，分布式VRML场景的实时浏览和交互观察．系统仿真学报[J]．2001．5：390～393
[9] 何汉武，网络与虚拟现实技术在机器人实验操作中的应用，第2卷，广东工业大学学报[J]，2002．6
[10] 文传源，系统仿真学科与系仿真系统技术，计算机仿真[J]，1992年第7期
[11] 周晓琪，Virtual Reality的内涵及所涉及的关键技术，电子科技导报[J]，1996年第11期
[12] 吴新垣，灵境技术及其在系统仿真中的应用，系统仿真学报[J]，第8卷第4期
[13] 张再兴等，遥现——种重要的虚拟现实技术，机器人[J]，1995年第11期
[14] 张庆、金瓯，力觉临场感系统的工作模式与操作者的环节研究，机器人[J]，1996年第7期
[15] 汪成为，灵境(虚拟现实)是建立和谐仿真系统的关键技术，系统仿真学报[J]，第7卷第4期
[16] 王维平等，灵境技术及其在仿真中的应用展望，电子学报[J]，1995年第4期
[17] 潘志庚等，分布式虚拟环境综述，软件学报[J]，2000，11(4)：461～468．
[18] CQMIH系列编程手册，欧姆龙公司，1999，9：426-460．
[19] 何敏，吕崇德，虚拟现实模型语言在Web仿真中的应用，系统仿真学报[J]，
2001, 3: 189～191.
[20] Remon Spekreijse, A Communication Class for Serial Port[EB/OL], http://codeguru. earthweb. com/network/serialport. shtml.
[21] Modicon Modbus Protocol Reference Guide. MODICON, Inc., Industrial Automation Systems, June 1996. 2～10, 31～32,112～115.
[22] http://vrml. fornax. hu.
[23] John N. Latta and David J. Oberg, A Conceptual Virtual Reality Model, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, January 1994
[24] Dieter Schmalstieg, LODSTAR:An Octree-Based Level of Detail Generator for VRML[R].Technical Report, Vienna University of Technology, Austria 1998.
[25 Alberto Barbosa Raposo, et al. Working with Remote VRML Scenes through Low-Bandwidth Connections[A].Proceedings of VRML Workshop, Brazil, 1997.
[26] Martin Gobel, Industrial Applications of VEs, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, January 1996
[27] Jay Bolter et al., Integrating Perceptual and Symbolic Information in VR, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, July 1995
[28] Dave Sims, See How They Run: Modeling Evacuations in VR, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, March 1995
[29] Uva User Interface Group, Alice: Rapid Prototyping for Virtual Reality, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, May 1995
[30] Richard S. Gallagher, Computer visualization: graphics techniques for scientific and engineering analysis, CRC Press, Inc, 1995
[31] Sam Shaw and Carroll Touch, VACUUM TECHNOLOGY, research & development, August 1985
[32] Carl Machover and Steve. Tice, Virtual Reality, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, January 1994
[33] 王达志，基于DCOM技术的对于设备的远程监控系统的设计与实现：[硕士学位论文]．广东工业大学，2001．
[34] 王劭伯，郑崇苏，大型电气设备远程监控系统的设计及其可靠性，福州大学学报(自然科学版)[J]，2000，4：28～32．
[35] http://www.web3d, org.
[36] John V. Virtual reality system. UN: Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1995:
75-150.
[37] The Virtual Reality Modeling Language. International Standard ISO/IEC 14772—1, 1997
[38] The Virtual Reality Modeling Language InternationaiStandard. ISO/IEC 147721: 1997(1).
[39] Marrin C, External Authoring Interface Reference. http://www. sgl. corn/movingworlds/spec/External Interface. html, 1996 12.
[40] http://www.parallelgraphics. com
[41] http://sh. netsh. com/fcgi-bin/listboard. fcgi?bookname=2685.
[42] 汪兴谦、牛燕明等，VRML与Java编程实例讲解．中国水利水电出版设，2002．
[43] 吴涛，虚拟现实技术在建筑设计领域的应用，工程设计CAD与智能建筑，2002．2