国家行政监控系统的分析理论与应用研究
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摘要
全人类都憎恶权力腐败,并把目光聚焦政府活动。但是,对国家行政监控的研究与应用,往往集中在离散的体系方面,忽视和缺乏对各个监控体系之间特定关系的整体研究。致使体系建设,各顾本体,不及其余,事倍功半,不达预期。因此,只有从系统的角度全面、科学地审视、研究和建设国家行政监控体系,才是世界各国绕不过去的必然选择。
提出了国家行政监控系统的建模方法。以系统工程和控制理论为指导,按照特定的监控关系,将监控要素和行政要素以结构框图的形式连接起来,构建古今中外国家行政监控系统的代表样态。从中提炼国家行政监控系统的一般属性,进而把国际通行的行政监控体系抽象集成为完整的系统模型。
导入要素叠控、特性嵌入、终端反馈和耦合联接的概念,利用传递函数的推导和运算,针对监控系统的功能、特性以及有关性能,提出了一般性的系统分析方法。
揭示了国家行政监控系统的内在规律,其中包括基于逻辑判断,实施要素叠控；基于消差目标,固化特性模块；基于特性置换功能,抑制行政特性的敏感变化；基于兼容要求,平衡要素特性。并针对耦合联接,分析了外噪涌入导致系统动荡的原因。
通过对功能要件的对比,发现了中外国家行政监控系统的同构现象。监控系统具有反馈校控、输入校控和扰动校控三种基本功能。任何缺少基本功能的监控系统,都将在政权运行中被更替或淘汰。
基于构建中国汉武、康熙两代以及美法两国国家行政监控系统模型,把中国古代、近代、国际有代表性的国家行政监控系统的样态展现出来。从系统角度,有效地解释了相关的历史问题及其政治现象。通过案例剖析反过来印证了理论范式的有效性。
从应用角度,运用理论范式勾画了中国国家行政监控系统的现行模式,通过与国家行政监控系统一般模型以及国际代表样态的多角度比较,结合中国国情,找到了我国国家行政监控系统的改革方向,构建了中国国家行政监控系统的未来模式。
总之,通过构建模型,将离散的体系集成为系统,把繁杂的政治问题理顺为规范的系统问题,观察一斑,兼及其余,有利于科学地改革和建设监控体系。这是运用自然科学交叉研究社会问题的一种有效尝试。
All of the world people abhor the corruption of power, and focus their attention on government activities. However, most of the research and application works on the supervisory of the state administrative (SSA) only studied the discrete systems, and there is less of work study this issue from the viewpoints of specific relationships between the various monitoring systems. As the result, most of the above work are implemented separated and it's hard to reach their original purpose. In this thesis, we argue that the SSA should be surveyed, studied and constructed from the viewpoint of systems science, which is the necessary selection of all of the countries in the world.
The model construction method is presented in this thesis. According to the systems engineering and control theory, the monitoring and administrative elements are integrated in the form of structural diagram based on the particular monitoring relationship, and the representative SSA is constructed among all of the countries in the world. Extracted from the general properties of SSA, the international SSAs are abstracted as a general system model.
Combing the definitions, including elements stacked control, character embedded, feedback and coupling connections, a general system analysis method for analyzing the functions, characteristics and capability of SSA is presented based on by resolving the transformation functions.
In addition, we analyze the inherent laws of SSA, including controlling the elements based on logical judgment, fixing the special module by minimize the objections, depressing the sensitive changes of the administrative characteristics by function transformation, balancing the element characteristics based on compatibility requirements. Furthermore, based on the coupling connections and external noise, we analyze the reasons why the system instability.
By comparing the functional elements, we find that both of the Chinese and foreign SSA have exactly same three fundamental modules, such as the feedback control module, judgment and control module to the input elements and the perturbation control module. Any systems lack of the fundamental module would be replaced and run out finally.
By building and comparing the SSA of Wu-Han, Kang-Xi Dynasties and the ones of the United States and France, we demonstrate the representative SSA in the history. In the viewpoint of systems science, the corresponding historical issues and political phenomenon's are explained. More importantly, the empirical studies are coincident with the theory presented.
From the application point of view, the use of theoretical SSA of the present mode is presented. Comparing the representative and the general SSAs, we find the innovation direction of our national SSA based on the current situation; in addition, the future model of our SSA is also investigated.
In summary, by building the SSA model, the discrete systems are integrated into a general system, and the complicated political issues are mapped into the regulated system problem, which is helpful to construct the SSA system and innovated scientifically and is also a necessary experiment on the interdisciplinary study.
提出了国家行政监控系统的建模方法。以系统工程和控制理论为指导,按照特定的监控关系,将监控要素和行政要素以结构框图的形式连接起来,构建古今中外国家行政监控系统的代表样态。从中提炼国家行政监控系统的一般属性,进而把国际通行的行政监控体系抽象集成为完整的系统模型。
导入要素叠控、特性嵌入、终端反馈和耦合联接的概念,利用传递函数的推导和运算,针对监控系统的功能、特性以及有关性能,提出了一般性的系统分析方法。
揭示了国家行政监控系统的内在规律,其中包括基于逻辑判断,实施要素叠控；基于消差目标,固化特性模块；基于特性置换功能,抑制行政特性的敏感变化；基于兼容要求,平衡要素特性。并针对耦合联接,分析了外噪涌入导致系统动荡的原因。
通过对功能要件的对比,发现了中外国家行政监控系统的同构现象。监控系统具有反馈校控、输入校控和扰动校控三种基本功能。任何缺少基本功能的监控系统,都将在政权运行中被更替或淘汰。
基于构建中国汉武、康熙两代以及美法两国国家行政监控系统模型,把中国古代、近代、国际有代表性的国家行政监控系统的样态展现出来。从系统角度,有效地解释了相关的历史问题及其政治现象。通过案例剖析反过来印证了理论范式的有效性。
从应用角度,运用理论范式勾画了中国国家行政监控系统的现行模式,通过与国家行政监控系统一般模型以及国际代表样态的多角度比较,结合中国国情,找到了我国国家行政监控系统的改革方向,构建了中国国家行政监控系统的未来模式。
总之,通过构建模型,将离散的体系集成为系统,把繁杂的政治问题理顺为规范的系统问题,观察一斑,兼及其余,有利于科学地改革和建设监控体系。这是运用自然科学交叉研究社会问题的一种有效尝试。
All of the world people abhor the corruption of power, and focus their attention on government activities. However, most of the research and application works on the supervisory of the state administrative (SSA) only studied the discrete systems, and there is less of work study this issue from the viewpoints of specific relationships between the various monitoring systems. As the result, most of the above work are implemented separated and it's hard to reach their original purpose. In this thesis, we argue that the SSA should be surveyed, studied and constructed from the viewpoint of systems science, which is the necessary selection of all of the countries in the world.
The model construction method is presented in this thesis. According to the systems engineering and control theory, the monitoring and administrative elements are integrated in the form of structural diagram based on the particular monitoring relationship, and the representative SSA is constructed among all of the countries in the world. Extracted from the general properties of SSA, the international SSAs are abstracted as a general system model.
Combing the definitions, including elements stacked control, character embedded, feedback and coupling connections, a general system analysis method for analyzing the functions, characteristics and capability of SSA is presented based on by resolving the transformation functions.
In addition, we analyze the inherent laws of SSA, including controlling the elements based on logical judgment, fixing the special module by minimize the objections, depressing the sensitive changes of the administrative characteristics by function transformation, balancing the element characteristics based on compatibility requirements. Furthermore, based on the coupling connections and external noise, we analyze the reasons why the system instability.
By comparing the functional elements, we find that both of the Chinese and foreign SSA have exactly same three fundamental modules, such as the feedback control module, judgment and control module to the input elements and the perturbation control module. Any systems lack of the fundamental module would be replaced and run out finally.
By building and comparing the SSA of Wu-Han, Kang-Xi Dynasties and the ones of the United States and France, we demonstrate the representative SSA in the history. In the viewpoint of systems science, the corresponding historical issues and political phenomenon's are explained. More importantly, the empirical studies are coincident with the theory presented.
From the application point of view, the use of theoretical SSA of the present mode is presented. Comparing the representative and the general SSAs, we find the innovation direction of our national SSA based on the current situation; in addition, the future model of our SSA is also investigated.
In summary, by building the SSA model, the discrete systems are integrated into a general system, and the complicated political issues are mapped into the regulated system problem, which is helpful to construct the SSA system and innovated scientifically and is also a necessary experiment on the interdisciplinary study.
引文
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