吉林油田天然气水合物预测及防治技术研究
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摘要
在天然气开采和储运过程中,水合物的生成会导致阀门堵塞、气井停产、管道停输等严重事故,如何有效抑制水合物生成是困扰天然气工业发展的一个重要问题。本文从分析水合物基本性质、生成机理和影响因素出发,建立了天然气水合物预测模型,同时结合吉林油田实际情况,对注醇工艺和井下节流工艺进行了系统研究,形成了如下成果:
(1)在深入分析水合物生成热力学行为基础上,应用不同数学模型描述了纯气体水合物和含混合抑制剂体系水合物生成条件。
(2)从热力学抑制剂(甲醇和乙二醇)预防天然气水合物造成冻堵的原理入手,根据目前吉林油田注醇工艺现状,分别从井口和外输两方面建立了计算合理注醇量的方法,使气井注醇量更加科学合理。
(3)按照设计气产量和井口外输压力,运用基于径向传热的井筒压力温度耦合模型来计算节流嘴前温度,结合水合物生成条件、节流后气流温度,提出了适合吉林油田的井下节流设计方法。
在工程应用方面,基于吉林油田现场实际生产情况,选取两口具有代表性的井开展注醇和井下节流工艺参数设计以及现场施工。在对比甲醇和乙二醇抑制效果及经济效益的基础上优选出甲醇作为施工药剂,并作出具体实施方案,在吉1#井成功应用。对吉2#井进行井下节流工艺设计,对该工艺适应性、工艺流程进行深入研究。现场应用情况表明,气井的生产压力及气产量均保持稳定,生产形势良好,表明将两种工艺有机应用可以有效防治水合物冻堵,保证气井正常生产,提高经济效益。
Gas hydrate formation during exploitation and transportation is a recognized operational hazard. It can impose serious accidents such as Valve plug、Gas cut-off、pipeline shutdown and so on. How to effectively avoid gas hydrate in oil and gas production remains a significant assurance issue. This paper commencing with analyses of the basic property of the hydrate、gas hydrate formation mechanism and influencing factors,general gas hydrate forecast model is set up and established.
Meanwhile integrating the actual situation in Jilin oilfield, this article do the application of basic researches of alcohol injection and down hole throttle technology respectively, technological achievements has formed as follows:
(1)Based on deeply analysesing the thermodynamics behaviors of hydrate formation, using different Model to predict the gas-hydrate generation condition for pure water system and inhibiters system.
(2)According to the theory of Hydrate plugging by thermodynamic inhibitors (electrolyte and alcohol), Based on the Status of Jilin Oilfield. This paper has established a reasonable calculation of the amount of methanol injection method,making the determination of alcohol quantity more scientific and reasonable.
(3)According to designed well flow rates and SWHP, on the ground of temperature-pressure model based on wellbore radial thermal conduction, coupling hyrate formation condition and gas temperature after choking, this article build the new design method of down hole throttle .
In engineering applications, based on the analysis of production characteristics of Jilin oilfield, This paper make alcohol injection and down hole throttle technology parameters designs and site applications of two gas wells. Doing the alcohol injection technological designs for Ji 1# wells and successful implementation. Comparing the inhibitory effect and economic benefit of methanol or glycol, methanol be taken as execution medicament, and detailed construction scheme be maken. Through the down hole throttle technological designs of Ji 1# wells to deeply study the it’s adaptiveness and technological process. The two gas wells keep up persistent producing pressure and gas flow rate after practicing this two hydrate prevention measures, which demonstrate that alcohol injection or down hole choke technology can effectively prevent hydrate blockage, guarantee regular production of gas well and improve economic benefit.
(1)在深入分析水合物生成热力学行为基础上,应用不同数学模型描述了纯气体水合物和含混合抑制剂体系水合物生成条件。
(2)从热力学抑制剂(甲醇和乙二醇)预防天然气水合物造成冻堵的原理入手,根据目前吉林油田注醇工艺现状,分别从井口和外输两方面建立了计算合理注醇量的方法,使气井注醇量更加科学合理。
(3)按照设计气产量和井口外输压力,运用基于径向传热的井筒压力温度耦合模型来计算节流嘴前温度,结合水合物生成条件、节流后气流温度,提出了适合吉林油田的井下节流设计方法。
在工程应用方面,基于吉林油田现场实际生产情况,选取两口具有代表性的井开展注醇和井下节流工艺参数设计以及现场施工。在对比甲醇和乙二醇抑制效果及经济效益的基础上优选出甲醇作为施工药剂,并作出具体实施方案,在吉1#井成功应用。对吉2#井进行井下节流工艺设计,对该工艺适应性、工艺流程进行深入研究。现场应用情况表明,气井的生产压力及气产量均保持稳定,生产形势良好,表明将两种工艺有机应用可以有效防治水合物冻堵,保证气井正常生产,提高经济效益。
Gas hydrate formation during exploitation and transportation is a recognized operational hazard. It can impose serious accidents such as Valve plug、Gas cut-off、pipeline shutdown and so on. How to effectively avoid gas hydrate in oil and gas production remains a significant assurance issue. This paper commencing with analyses of the basic property of the hydrate、gas hydrate formation mechanism and influencing factors,general gas hydrate forecast model is set up and established.
Meanwhile integrating the actual situation in Jilin oilfield, this article do the application of basic researches of alcohol injection and down hole throttle technology respectively, technological achievements has formed as follows:
(1)Based on deeply analysesing the thermodynamics behaviors of hydrate formation, using different Model to predict the gas-hydrate generation condition for pure water system and inhibiters system.
(2)According to the theory of Hydrate plugging by thermodynamic inhibitors (electrolyte and alcohol), Based on the Status of Jilin Oilfield. This paper has established a reasonable calculation of the amount of methanol injection method,making the determination of alcohol quantity more scientific and reasonable.
(3)According to designed well flow rates and SWHP, on the ground of temperature-pressure model based on wellbore radial thermal conduction, coupling hyrate formation condition and gas temperature after choking, this article build the new design method of down hole throttle .
In engineering applications, based on the analysis of production characteristics of Jilin oilfield, This paper make alcohol injection and down hole throttle technology parameters designs and site applications of two gas wells. Doing the alcohol injection technological designs for Ji 1# wells and successful implementation. Comparing the inhibitory effect and economic benefit of methanol or glycol, methanol be taken as execution medicament, and detailed construction scheme be maken. Through the down hole throttle technological designs of Ji 1# wells to deeply study the it’s adaptiveness and technological process. The two gas wells keep up persistent producing pressure and gas flow rate after practicing this two hydrate prevention measures, which demonstrate that alcohol injection or down hole choke technology can effectively prevent hydrate blockage, guarantee regular production of gas well and improve economic benefit.
引文
[1]Zhao Luanxiao.1-D Controlled source electromagnetic forward modeling for marine gas hydrates studies[J].APPLIED GEOPHYSICS,20085(2):121-126.
[2]Alireza Bahadori.A Numerical Approach for Multicomponent Vapor Solid Equilibrium Calculations in Gas Hydrate Formation[J].Natural Gas Chemistry,2007,16(2):16-21.
[3]K.K. Ostergaard, SPE, B. Tohidi, SPE. A General Correlation for Predicting the Hydrate-Free Zone of Reservoir Fluids. SPE Prod. & Facilities, 2000,15(4):118-125.
[4]Alireza Bahadori. Predicting hydrate forming pressure of pure alkanes in the presence of inhibitors [J]. Natural Gas Chemistry,2008,17(5):249-255.
[5]税碧垣.管道天然气水合物的防治技术.油气储运[J],2001,20(5):112-116.
[6]陈小峰,崔斌.油田天然气水合物的形成及预防[J].石油化工腐蚀与防护,2006,23(2):86-91.
[7]于修宝,张彦敏等.天然气水合物的成因分析及处理措施[J].油气储运,2005.24(4):22-25.
[8]王书淼,吴明等.管内天然气水合物抑制剂的应用研究[J].油气储运,2006.25(2) :43-46.
[9]佘朝毅,李川东等.井下节流工艺技术在气田开发中的应用[J].钻采工艺,2003.21(1) 52-56.
[10]李仕伦.天然气工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000,15-46.
[11]周怀阳.天然气水合物[M].北京:石油工业工出版社. 2000,23-66.
[12]王新,裘俊红.笼形水合物研究与应用[J].化工生产与技术,2004.11(3):19-23.
[13]徐红,张宝华等.气体水合物的研究与应用[J].山东化工,2003.32(1):24-26.
[14]钟水清,熊继有等.天然气水合物勘探及结构H型水合物的特性研究[J].钻采工艺,2004.27(5):71-74.
[15]熊颖,王宁升等.天然气水合物的结构特征及防治措施[J].油气储运,2008.27(6):48-52.
[16]戴智红.天然气水合物的研究与开发现状[J].钻井液与完井液,2005.22(6):51-53.
[17]孙也,刘宏菊等.油气田水合物形成机理及抑制剂的研究进展[J].油气田环境保护,2008.18(1):50-53.
[18]胡春,裘俊红.天然气水合物的结构性质及应用[J].天然气化工,2000,25(2):18-25.
[19]孙志高.天然气水合物研究进展[J].天然气工业,2001,21(1):93-96.
[20]王虹.天然气水合物性质及防止措施研究[J].天然气工业,2001,21(1):93-96.
[21]黄文件,刘道平等.天然气水合物的热物理性质[J].西部探矿工程,2009,29(11):65-67.
[22]廖健.梅东海等.天然气水合物相平衡研究进展[J].天然气工业,1998,21(3):75-82.
[23]李玉星,冯叔初.管道内天然气水合物形成条件的判断方法[J],天然气工业,1999.21(3) :99-102。
[24]武雪红,王树立等.盐穴储气库井口水合物生成的影响因素[J].油储运,2009,28(6):40-43.
[25]顾新建.用人工神经网络预测天然气水合物的生成[J].天然气工业, 2003.23(5):102-104.
[26]陈世光.水合物模型建立及在盐体系中的应用[J].石油学报,2000,18(2):112-118.
[27]梅东海.电解质溶液体系中气体水合物生成条件的预测[J].石油学报.1998,21(1):26-31.
[28]陈光进等.气体水合物生成机理和热力学模型的建立[J].化工学报.2000,16(5):18-24.
[29]徐勇军等.气体水合物防聚剂研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12):135-138.
[30]喻西崇,郭建春.井筒和集输管线中水合物生成条件的预测[J].西南石油学院学报,2002.(2):65-67.
[31]杜志敏,刘健仪等.新的水合物生成条件预测模型[J].天然气工业,2004,21(12):96-98.
[32]顾新建.用人工神经网络预测天然气水合物的生成[J].天然气工业, 2003.23(5):102-104.
[33]胡顺渠.天然气水合物预测综合模型及应用.西南石油学院.2003级硕士论文.
[34]陈光进等.气体水合物生成机理和热力学模型的建立[J].化工学报.2000,16(5):18-24.
[35]徐勇军等.气体水合物防聚剂研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12):135-138.
[36]陈慧芳等.天然气水合物形成条件的预测[J].西安石油学院学报,1993,11(4):21-25.
[37]喻西崇,郭建春.井筒和集输管线中水合物生成条件的预测[J].西南石油学院学报,2002.(2):65-67.
[38]杜亚和,郭天民.天然气水合物生成条件预测[J].石油学报,1988,4(3):82-86.
[39]杨照,郭天民.天然气水合物相图计算[J].天然气工业,1996,21(7):6-11.
[40]陈小飞,刘佳等.气井套管注醇工艺在气田的试验及效果分析[J].石油化工应用,2010,29(3):78-81.
[41]吴贺,刘思维.甲醇防冻堵工艺在徐深气田的应用[J].化工自动化及仪表,2010,37(4):106-108.
[42]王永强,刘占良等.榆林气田合理注醇量计算方法及防堵认识[J.石油地质与工程,2007,21(4 ):98-100.
[43]李允,诸林,等.天然气地面工程[M]第1版.北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[44]吴革生,王效明等.井下节流技术在长庆气田试验研究及应用[J].天然气工业,2005,25(4):65-67.
[45]雷群,井下节流技术在长庆气田的应用[J].天然气工业,2003,23(1):81-83.
[46]周兴付,杨功田等.高压气井井下节流工艺设计方法研究[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(1):57-60.
[2]Alireza Bahadori.A Numerical Approach for Multicomponent Vapor Solid Equilibrium Calculations in Gas Hydrate Formation[J].Natural Gas Chemistry,2007,16(2):16-21.
[3]K.K. Ostergaard, SPE, B. Tohidi, SPE. A General Correlation for Predicting the Hydrate-Free Zone of Reservoir Fluids. SPE Prod. & Facilities, 2000,15(4):118-125.
[4]Alireza Bahadori. Predicting hydrate forming pressure of pure alkanes in the presence of inhibitors [J]. Natural Gas Chemistry,2008,17(5):249-255.
[5]税碧垣.管道天然气水合物的防治技术.油气储运[J],2001,20(5):112-116.
[6]陈小峰,崔斌.油田天然气水合物的形成及预防[J].石油化工腐蚀与防护,2006,23(2):86-91.
[7]于修宝,张彦敏等.天然气水合物的成因分析及处理措施[J].油气储运,2005.24(4):22-25.
[8]王书淼,吴明等.管内天然气水合物抑制剂的应用研究[J].油气储运,2006.25(2) :43-46.
[9]佘朝毅,李川东等.井下节流工艺技术在气田开发中的应用[J].钻采工艺,2003.21(1) 52-56.
[10]李仕伦.天然气工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000,15-46.
[11]周怀阳.天然气水合物[M].北京:石油工业工出版社. 2000,23-66.
[12]王新,裘俊红.笼形水合物研究与应用[J].化工生产与技术,2004.11(3):19-23.
[13]徐红,张宝华等.气体水合物的研究与应用[J].山东化工,2003.32(1):24-26.
[14]钟水清,熊继有等.天然气水合物勘探及结构H型水合物的特性研究[J].钻采工艺,2004.27(5):71-74.
[15]熊颖,王宁升等.天然气水合物的结构特征及防治措施[J].油气储运,2008.27(6):48-52.
[16]戴智红.天然气水合物的研究与开发现状[J].钻井液与完井液,2005.22(6):51-53.
[17]孙也,刘宏菊等.油气田水合物形成机理及抑制剂的研究进展[J].油气田环境保护,2008.18(1):50-53.
[18]胡春,裘俊红.天然气水合物的结构性质及应用[J].天然气化工,2000,25(2):18-25.
[19]孙志高.天然气水合物研究进展[J].天然气工业,2001,21(1):93-96.
[20]王虹.天然气水合物性质及防止措施研究[J].天然气工业,2001,21(1):93-96.
[21]黄文件,刘道平等.天然气水合物的热物理性质[J].西部探矿工程,2009,29(11):65-67.
[22]廖健.梅东海等.天然气水合物相平衡研究进展[J].天然气工业,1998,21(3):75-82.
[23]李玉星,冯叔初.管道内天然气水合物形成条件的判断方法[J],天然气工业,1999.21(3) :99-102。
[24]武雪红,王树立等.盐穴储气库井口水合物生成的影响因素[J].油储运,2009,28(6):40-43.
[25]顾新建.用人工神经网络预测天然气水合物的生成[J].天然气工业, 2003.23(5):102-104.
[26]陈世光.水合物模型建立及在盐体系中的应用[J].石油学报,2000,18(2):112-118.
[27]梅东海.电解质溶液体系中气体水合物生成条件的预测[J].石油学报.1998,21(1):26-31.
[28]陈光进等.气体水合物生成机理和热力学模型的建立[J].化工学报.2000,16(5):18-24.
[29]徐勇军等.气体水合物防聚剂研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12):135-138.
[30]喻西崇,郭建春.井筒和集输管线中水合物生成条件的预测[J].西南石油学院学报,2002.(2):65-67.
[31]杜志敏,刘健仪等.新的水合物生成条件预测模型[J].天然气工业,2004,21(12):96-98.
[32]顾新建.用人工神经网络预测天然气水合物的生成[J].天然气工业, 2003.23(5):102-104.
[33]胡顺渠.天然气水合物预测综合模型及应用.西南石油学院.2003级硕士论文.
[34]陈光进等.气体水合物生成机理和热力学模型的建立[J].化工学报.2000,16(5):18-24.
[35]徐勇军等.气体水合物防聚剂研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12):135-138.
[36]陈慧芳等.天然气水合物形成条件的预测[J].西安石油学院学报,1993,11(4):21-25.
[37]喻西崇,郭建春.井筒和集输管线中水合物生成条件的预测[J].西南石油学院学报,2002.(2):65-67.
[38]杜亚和,郭天民.天然气水合物生成条件预测[J].石油学报,1988,4(3):82-86.
[39]杨照,郭天民.天然气水合物相图计算[J].天然气工业,1996,21(7):6-11.
[40]陈小飞,刘佳等.气井套管注醇工艺在气田的试验及效果分析[J].石油化工应用,2010,29(3):78-81.
[41]吴贺,刘思维.甲醇防冻堵工艺在徐深气田的应用[J].化工自动化及仪表,2010,37(4):106-108.
[42]王永强,刘占良等.榆林气田合理注醇量计算方法及防堵认识[J.石油地质与工程,2007,21(4 ):98-100.
[43]李允,诸林,等.天然气地面工程[M]第1版.北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[44]吴革生,王效明等.井下节流技术在长庆气田试验研究及应用[J].天然气工业,2005,25(4):65-67.
[45]雷群,井下节流技术在长庆气田的应用[J].天然气工业,2003,23(1):81-83.
[46]周兴付,杨功田等.高压气井井下节流工艺设计方法研究[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(1):57-60.