移动对象数据智能处理模型研究
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摘要
移动对象是指其位置或属性随时发生变化的各类实体，典型代表包括智能交通中人、车、道路、环境等；现代物流中货物、发送、接收、管理、控制；运输工业／快速车队管理；数字通信战场；生态／环境适应／环境保护监控／移动通讯系统等，这些应用都必须对移动对象产生的各类数据进行采集、存储、分析和其它处理。随着应用需求的纵深发展，人们对使用信息的场合、时间、方式、方法提出了更高的要求，希望随时随地得到所需要的信息。目前存在大量的具有实时地理信息的与时间有关的数据，如何对这些移动数据进行有效的处理包括采集、建模、存储、查询、分析和监管等技术的研究也越来越受到关注。随着全球应用和面向对象关系数据库技术的日趋成熟，空间数据库、时态数据库、时态空间数据库得到相应的发展，为移动对象数据的处理提供了技术的支撑。
移动数据的处理的研究是近年来数据库管理技术研究的热点，现有的数据库管理系统由于缺乏移动对象所必要的特点：诸如动态的位置模型、时间空间查询的语言、索引、不确定性等，不能直接用来处理移动对象数据。本文的目标是研究移动对象数据库中的动态模型，研究表示移动对象变化数据的模型框架下的数据库设计与存贮、移动对象索引、位置更新策略、移动对象查询处理、位置相关的连续查询及环境感知的查询等关键技术问题，提出切实可行的解决方案并在给定应用环境的要求下进行模型的验证。本文对移动对象数据的采集、建模、存储、查询和处理等方面进行了深入的研究，取得了如下创新性成果：
(1)提出了一种移动对象数据的动态模型
根据移动对象数据动态属性的描述，提出了一种移动对象数据的动态模型，该模型可以表示移动对象的过去、现在和将来的数据，并考虑了移动设备的有限性、短接性、网络带宽的多样性、有限性、非对称性和低可靠性等问题。在此基础上设计了移动实体的面向对象模型，表达移动对象的时间和空间的不确定性，和移动对象数据智能处理过程中的各种代价模型和位置修改的策略，并给出移动数据在数据库中的存储设计。
(2)提出了一种移动对象数据的查询模型
分析了空间数据的查询方法和技术，把时序逻辑的概念引入到时间数据的查询中，并结合空间数据的特性提出了一种时间空间数据的查询模型。针对移动对象数据的查询，基于该模型设计了以下类型的查询语句和它们的语义：回答WHERE和位置有关的查询，回答WHEN和时间有关的查询，单个对象的属性和时间空间的动态查询，对象和固定空间实体(包括点／线／面等)之间的关系的查询，多个对象之间的动态关系查询，移动对象数据的历史查询(各种动态对象的历史操作回放，可以根据时间点、区间等来再现数据的采集、处理等过程……)。移动对象及静态空间对象的查询处理，位置相关的持续查询及环境感知的查询处理，连续查询和触发器的设计等。研究了使用空间索引后，点查询、时间查询和移动对象与固定区域的关系查询的性能，分析了它们的结果。
(3)基于扩展G-net的移动对象数据的智能Agent模型研究
为了使移动对象数据处理系统这样一个复杂的软件系统实现可靠的、可维护的、和可扩展的设计，研究了移动对象数据处理系统的体系结构风格，给出了基于分布式的移动对象数据处理的软件体系结构风格模型；通过用扩展的G-net模型来表示和规划基于分布式的移动对象数据处理系统的各个智能Agent系统部件，协调整个系统各个部件的关系，使它们成为一个有机的整体，G-net为复杂软件系统的面向对象设计与Petri网建模搭建了桥梁；提出了分布式环境下移动对象数据智能处理系统的通用模型和各个部分的设计原理和实现原则。
(4)分布式环境下的移动对象数据智能处理系统的设计研究
综合以上的三个方面的创新成果，研究移动对象数据的动态模型、移动环境下的智能Agent的模型和移动对象数据的查询模型的实现技术，设计并实现了分布式环境下基于GIS的移动对象数据的应用系统，验证了上述三个模型，采用GPRS通讯网络完成分布式系统的通讯和移动对象数据与各类数据处理服务器的数据通讯，移动对象数据用动态的模型来表示，智能Agent来完成各个部件之间的任务协调，查询模型提供有关移动对象数据的历史、现在和将来的查询和触发器服务。
Moving objects are the entities which positions and attribute changes with the time. Storing and handling of moving objects data are very importment for the application fields, such as traffic control, intelligent transportation systems (ITS), fleet management, digital battlefield, ecology / environment monitoring, mobile communication systems and communication networks, etc., The informations in these system are references with the location and time, including the real time geographic informations, more and more people concern the technology of that how to collect, model, store, query, analysis and process these spatiotemporal informations. The developments of object-oriented technology, spatial database, temporal database, and spatio-temporal database systems are primarily motivated by applications which track and present mobile objects. With the persistent progress of mobile communication and Internet, location based services become conceivable. Product related to it will be one of the primary value-added services which are supplied by network carrier to users. At present, location based technology and services are studied and developed at home and abroad, and many projects are brought forward.
Research on the mobile data is an importment field of database management technology, Existing DBMS's are not well equipped to handle continuously changing data, and manage space and time informations, dynamic model of the moving objects, spatiotemporal query, and indexing, etc., the location of a moving object is inherently imprecise because the database location of the object isn't always same with the moving object, there exists some uncertainty between them. In this thesis, we aim at the models of moving objects expressing the dynamic attributes, and solve the problems in their designing, storing, indexing, and location update policy for moving objects data processing. This thesis presents some key issues of moving objects processing on moving objects modeling, storing and processing in following innovative achievements:
(1) Proposing a dynamic model of moving objects data
Based on the dynamic attributes of moving objects, we systematically propose a dynamic modeling of moving objects called trajectory, which can represents history, present and future data of moving objects by considering their generic feathres. Based on it, we design the object-oriented models of moving entities, describe the moving objects in the electronic map, present the uncertainty in space and time for moving objects, and the cost model and update policies of moving objectes, as well as the storing design for moving objects data in the database system.
(2) Proposing a query model for moving objects data
We analysis the query in spatial database, temporal database, and spatiotemporal database, introduce sequencing logic to moving objects query, combine the characters of the mobile objects, and propose a query model for moving objects data, on the basis of the model we proposed designing the query for position and time and moving as: where the objects is in given time? When the object arrive the given place? The relationship between the moving objects and the fixed space objects(point, line, area etc.) , the topology and the time reference of the multi-objects, notifying the moving objects at the special spatiotemporal event occure, querying of the past, now and future of moving objects, and continue querys. Finally we use the UDF(user define function) of DBMS to define the spatiotemporal operator and use the R-TREE to obtain the performance of point query, time query and moving objects with the fixed space object.
(3) Proposing a agent model of moving objects based on extension of G-net Based on the distributed network architcture, proposing an intelligent agent to
handle the moving objects in the system, we give the application of distributed objects and intelligent agents, use extend G-net to simulate the behavior of the agent in the moving objects, present the general architecture of moving objects processing systm, and develop the application architecture. The development of computer technology impel that the software system architecture adopts multi-tie Client/Server architecture instead of mainframe architecture. Currently, more and more systems move to the 3-tier or multi-tier system because the latter one shows better in scalability and reusability together with the emerging of Web technology, which makes web browsers the client tier of m-tier system. My design partitions the application in two basic conceptual ways: multi-tier architecture and traditional modular decomposition. These make the whole system become a multi-tier component system, loose-couple horizontally and vertically, and provide security, flexibility, testability and extensibility.
(4) Developing a distributed system for moving objects data based on GIS
With the analysis of GPS location, GPRS communication, GIS technique as well as the distributed technology and intelligent agent, we studied mobile object intelligent processing technology on GIS application. The system is integrated by GPS location sub-system, GPRS communication sub-system and GIS map sub-system, which takes the advantages of GPS's full directions and precision, the GPRS always online and low cost, and GIS's electronic map. A mobile entity processing general module has been given out, to discuss the solution of mobile data wirelessly transferring. The representation of moving object in database, the query of moving object, and the moving object replay are also designed and developed. Also, with the B/S architecture, users can access the system through the Internet using mobile terminals anywhere easily.
移动数据的处理的研究是近年来数据库管理技术研究的热点，现有的数据库管理系统由于缺乏移动对象所必要的特点：诸如动态的位置模型、时间空间查询的语言、索引、不确定性等，不能直接用来处理移动对象数据。本文的目标是研究移动对象数据库中的动态模型，研究表示移动对象变化数据的模型框架下的数据库设计与存贮、移动对象索引、位置更新策略、移动对象查询处理、位置相关的连续查询及环境感知的查询等关键技术问题，提出切实可行的解决方案并在给定应用环境的要求下进行模型的验证。本文对移动对象数据的采集、建模、存储、查询和处理等方面进行了深入的研究，取得了如下创新性成果：
(1)提出了一种移动对象数据的动态模型
根据移动对象数据动态属性的描述，提出了一种移动对象数据的动态模型，该模型可以表示移动对象的过去、现在和将来的数据，并考虑了移动设备的有限性、短接性、网络带宽的多样性、有限性、非对称性和低可靠性等问题。在此基础上设计了移动实体的面向对象模型，表达移动对象的时间和空间的不确定性，和移动对象数据智能处理过程中的各种代价模型和位置修改的策略，并给出移动数据在数据库中的存储设计。
(2)提出了一种移动对象数据的查询模型
分析了空间数据的查询方法和技术，把时序逻辑的概念引入到时间数据的查询中，并结合空间数据的特性提出了一种时间空间数据的查询模型。针对移动对象数据的查询，基于该模型设计了以下类型的查询语句和它们的语义：回答WHERE和位置有关的查询，回答WHEN和时间有关的查询，单个对象的属性和时间空间的动态查询，对象和固定空间实体(包括点／线／面等)之间的关系的查询，多个对象之间的动态关系查询，移动对象数据的历史查询(各种动态对象的历史操作回放，可以根据时间点、区间等来再现数据的采集、处理等过程……)。移动对象及静态空间对象的查询处理，位置相关的持续查询及环境感知的查询处理，连续查询和触发器的设计等。研究了使用空间索引后，点查询、时间查询和移动对象与固定区域的关系查询的性能，分析了它们的结果。
(3)基于扩展G-net的移动对象数据的智能Agent模型研究
为了使移动对象数据处理系统这样一个复杂的软件系统实现可靠的、可维护的、和可扩展的设计，研究了移动对象数据处理系统的体系结构风格，给出了基于分布式的移动对象数据处理的软件体系结构风格模型；通过用扩展的G-net模型来表示和规划基于分布式的移动对象数据处理系统的各个智能Agent系统部件，协调整个系统各个部件的关系，使它们成为一个有机的整体，G-net为复杂软件系统的面向对象设计与Petri网建模搭建了桥梁；提出了分布式环境下移动对象数据智能处理系统的通用模型和各个部分的设计原理和实现原则。
(4)分布式环境下的移动对象数据智能处理系统的设计研究
综合以上的三个方面的创新成果，研究移动对象数据的动态模型、移动环境下的智能Agent的模型和移动对象数据的查询模型的实现技术，设计并实现了分布式环境下基于GIS的移动对象数据的应用系统，验证了上述三个模型，采用GPRS通讯网络完成分布式系统的通讯和移动对象数据与各类数据处理服务器的数据通讯，移动对象数据用动态的模型来表示，智能Agent来完成各个部件之间的任务协调，查询模型提供有关移动对象数据的历史、现在和将来的查询和触发器服务。
Moving objects are the entities which positions and attribute changes with the time. Storing and handling of moving objects data are very importment for the application fields, such as traffic control, intelligent transportation systems (ITS), fleet management, digital battlefield, ecology / environment monitoring, mobile communication systems and communication networks, etc., The informations in these system are references with the location and time, including the real time geographic informations, more and more people concern the technology of that how to collect, model, store, query, analysis and process these spatiotemporal informations. The developments of object-oriented technology, spatial database, temporal database, and spatio-temporal database systems are primarily motivated by applications which track and present mobile objects. With the persistent progress of mobile communication and Internet, location based services become conceivable. Product related to it will be one of the primary value-added services which are supplied by network carrier to users. At present, location based technology and services are studied and developed at home and abroad, and many projects are brought forward.
Research on the mobile data is an importment field of database management technology, Existing DBMS's are not well equipped to handle continuously changing data, and manage space and time informations, dynamic model of the moving objects, spatiotemporal query, and indexing, etc., the location of a moving object is inherently imprecise because the database location of the object isn't always same with the moving object, there exists some uncertainty between them. In this thesis, we aim at the models of moving objects expressing the dynamic attributes, and solve the problems in their designing, storing, indexing, and location update policy for moving objects data processing. This thesis presents some key issues of moving objects processing on moving objects modeling, storing and processing in following innovative achievements:
(1) Proposing a dynamic model of moving objects data
Based on the dynamic attributes of moving objects, we systematically propose a dynamic modeling of moving objects called trajectory, which can represents history, present and future data of moving objects by considering their generic feathres. Based on it, we design the object-oriented models of moving entities, describe the moving objects in the electronic map, present the uncertainty in space and time for moving objects, and the cost model and update policies of moving objectes, as well as the storing design for moving objects data in the database system.
(2) Proposing a query model for moving objects data
We analysis the query in spatial database, temporal database, and spatiotemporal database, introduce sequencing logic to moving objects query, combine the characters of the mobile objects, and propose a query model for moving objects data, on the basis of the model we proposed designing the query for position and time and moving as: where the objects is in given time? When the object arrive the given place? The relationship between the moving objects and the fixed space objects(point, line, area etc.) , the topology and the time reference of the multi-objects, notifying the moving objects at the special spatiotemporal event occure, querying of the past, now and future of moving objects, and continue querys. Finally we use the UDF(user define function) of DBMS to define the spatiotemporal operator and use the R-TREE to obtain the performance of point query, time query and moving objects with the fixed space object.
(3) Proposing a agent model of moving objects based on extension of G-net Based on the distributed network architcture, proposing an intelligent agent to
handle the moving objects in the system, we give the application of distributed objects and intelligent agents, use extend G-net to simulate the behavior of the agent in the moving objects, present the general architecture of moving objects processing systm, and develop the application architecture. The development of computer technology impel that the software system architecture adopts multi-tie Client/Server architecture instead of mainframe architecture. Currently, more and more systems move to the 3-tier or multi-tier system because the latter one shows better in scalability and reusability together with the emerging of Web technology, which makes web browsers the client tier of m-tier system. My design partitions the application in two basic conceptual ways: multi-tier architecture and traditional modular decomposition. These make the whole system become a multi-tier component system, loose-couple horizontally and vertically, and provide security, flexibility, testability and extensibility.
(4) Developing a distributed system for moving objects data based on GIS
With the analysis of GPS location, GPRS communication, GIS technique as well as the distributed technology and intelligent agent, we studied mobile object intelligent processing technology on GIS application. The system is integrated by GPS location sub-system, GPRS communication sub-system and GIS map sub-system, which takes the advantages of GPS's full directions and precision, the GPRS always online and low cost, and GIS's electronic map. A mobile entity processing general module has been given out, to discuss the solution of mobile data wirelessly transferring. The representation of moving object in database, the query of moving object, and the moving object replay are also designed and developed. Also, with the B/S architecture, users can access the system through the Internet using mobile terminals anywhere easily.
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