海蜇口腕部糖蛋白理化性质及生物活性研究
|
摘要
海蜇(Rhopilema esculehtum Kishinouye)是一种大型的食用水母,在我国有着广泛的资源分布,具有很高的经济价值、营养价值和药用价值。近代研究表明海蜇有治疗高血压、慢性气管炎、哮喘、胃溃疡和单纯性甲状腺肿大等作用。从海蜇的营养保健及药学功能来看,海蜇具有进一步开发和利用的价值。目前,海蜇的一些化学成分及生物活性已经被研究探讨,如蛋白,毒素,多肽和糖胺聚糖等,但关于海蜇口腕部糖蛋白的研究未见报道。
本论文以青岛附近黄海海域的新鲜海蜇为原料,采用现代的分离纯化技术,仪器分析技术,药理研究技术和分子生物学技术,从海蜇口腕部分离纯化出一种新的糖蛋白(JGP-Ⅲ),并对其理化性质,清除自由基活性,免疫活性进行研究,旨在为海蜇资源的进一步开发提供理论依据和技术支持。实验主要获得如下研究结果:
1利用单因素实验和响应面分析方法中的Box-Behnken试验设计,对海蜇口腕部糖蛋白的提取工艺进行优化,结果显示,糖蛋白提取的最佳工艺条件为:提取溶剂为pH值为7.26的PBS,料液比为1:4,提取时间为7h。在此基础上。进行超声辅助提取,提取的最佳工艺条件是:超声处理时间为15min,超声功率为300W,提取时间60min。在此优化条件下,目标糖蛋白的得率为9.14%。
2海蜇口腕部提取液经乙醇分级沉淀,Sp Sephadex C-25阳离子交换柱层析初步分离,得到3组份,分别为JGP-Ⅱ, JGP-Ⅲ, JGP-Ⅳ,选择糖和蛋白含量及活性较高的组分JGP-Ⅲ进行进一步研究。JGP-Ⅲ经Sephacryl S300HR层析柱, Sepharose CL-6B柱层析和HPLC鉴定JGP-Ⅲ呈现单一对称的峰;经SDS-PAGE电泳后,通过PAS和考马斯亮兰两种染色方法,在凝胶上相应的位置出现了一条带。以上结果显示JGP-Ⅲ是组成均一的糖蛋白,而不是糖和蛋白的混合物。得率为0.5%(占海蜇口腕部干基重)。
3 JGP-Ⅲ冻干粉是白色絮状粉末,易溶于水,不溶于乙醇、甲醇、丙酮等有机溶剂。经化学分析方法测定,JGP-Ⅲ中含有12.61%总糖,74.34%总蛋白,8.47%氨基糖,0.84%糖醛酸,1.06%硫酸根、0.92%唾液酸。JGP-Ⅲ经SDS-PAGE测定分子量为109.7kDa,经HPLC测定,其分子量为85.3 kDa,两种方法测定得到的分子量有一定差别。JGP-Ⅲ的Td值为31.06℃,Ts值为61.74℃。JGP-Ⅲ的单糖组成主要有氨基葡萄糖,氨基半乳糖,葡萄糖,甘露糖,岩藻糖和鼠李糖。氨基酸组成中甘氨酸含量最高,其次为缬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、天门冬氨酸等,缺乏色氨酸和组氨酸。JGP-Ⅲ经消除反应前后紫外吸收和氨基酸组成的变化,说明JGP-Ⅲ中有O-连接糖苷键的存在。经糖肽酶F作用后,分子量发生明显变化,说明JGP-Ⅲ中有N-连接糖苷键的存在。JGP-Ⅲ的红外图谱具有典型的糖蛋白特征,再次证明JGP-Ⅲ是一种糖和蛋白的复合物。NMR图谱显示了JGP-Ⅲ结构特点。以上结果显示JGP-Ⅲ是一种新的糖蛋白,这为JGP-Ⅲ的进一步研究提供理论依据。
4试验通过化学发光的方法,检测JGP-Ⅲ具有较强的清除羟自由基和超氧自由基能力。JGP-Ⅲ的由糖部分和蛋白部分共同参与清除自由基活动;在清除自由基活动中,N-连接的寡糖链起到主要的作用;当温度达到热收缩温度61.74℃(即蛋白纤维收缩到原来的1/3)时,清除自由基能力最强,说明JGP-Ⅲ清除自由基活性与其空间三维结构有密切关系。
5采用JGP-Ⅲ溶液灌胃免疫低下模型小鼠,探讨了JGP-Ⅲ免疫调节功能。结果表明,不同剂量组的JGP-Ⅲ均能提高小鼠脾指数及胸腺指数(P<0.05);显著提高荷瘤小鼠血清溶血素含量(P<0.01)和抗体形成细胞数(P<0.05);提高迟发型变态反应;促进巨噬细胞的吞噬能力(P<0.05,P<0.01)。提示JGP-Ⅲ能全面调节机体的特异性和非特异性免疫功能,从而提高机体免疫能力。
6用MTT法检测了JGP-Ⅲ对从小鼠的脾脏细胞中分离的淋巴细胞的增殖活性的影响,结果发现,JGP-Ⅲ可以促进小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖活性,并且主要是通过对T淋巴细胞群起作用的,而对B淋巴细胞几乎没有影响。JGP-Ⅲ作用的最佳浓度为50μg/ml。进一步通过RT-PCR方法研究了JGP-Ⅲ对T淋巴细胞分泌的细胞因子IL-2, IL-4, IL-6和IFN-γ的影响,结果显示:细胞内的IL-2和IFN-γ的mRNA水平很快升高,而对IL-4和IL-6的作用则相对较慢,说明JGP-Ⅲ对T淋巴细胞的作用主要是作用于Thl亚细胞群。从细胞水平上揭示了JGP-Ⅲ免疫调节作用的途径。
Rhopilema esculentum jellyfish, a species of large and edible jellyfish, having the high economic, nutritional and medicinal value, is a big and important fishery resource in China. It was found that jellyfish(R.e)had an effective cure for hypertension, chronic tracheitis, asthma, gastric ulcer and struma. Considering its nutrient and curative value, R. esculentum jellyfish should be further investigate and exploited for its chemical compositions and pharmacological characters. Although some bioactivity components such as protein, toxic, polypeptides and carbohydrates were researched, no report on the biological activity of glycoprotein from jellyfish (R.e) oral-arms had yet been made.
Having fresh jellyfish (R. esculentum, captured in Yellow Sea near Qingdao city) as material in this dissertation and utilizing a series of modern technologies such as isolation and purification technology, instrument analysis technology, medical analysis technology and molecular biological technology, the author had systematically studied the purification, physicochemical prosperities, radical scavenging activity and immunity of glycoprotein (JGP-Ⅲ) from jellyfish(R. e) oral-arms. Main results achieved in this research as follows:
1 In order to optimize extraction technology for the glycoprotein from jellyfish(R.e) oral-arms, on the basis of single factor experiments, the effects of operating conditions such as solvent pH,material ratio, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power and extraction time on the yield of glycoprotein were analyzed by response surface methodology. The optimized extraction conditions as follows: solvent pH was 7.26, material ratio was 1:4, ultrasonic time was 15min, ultrasonic power was 300W, and extraction time was 60min. under the above mentioned conditions, the actual yield of target glycoprotein was 9.14%.
2 Three grades of jellyfish glycoprotein JGP-Ⅱ, JGP-Ⅲ, JGP-Ⅳwere isolated and purified from jellyfish oral-arms through ethanol fractionated precipitation, Sp Sephadex C-25 column. The fraction (JGP-Ⅲ) with high carbohydrate content, protein content and strong radical scavenging activity was further studied. By means of Sephacryl S300HR, Sepharose CL-6B and HPLC, JGP-Ⅲwas sole peak. A blue band and a pink band appeared on the correspondence site of SDS-PAGE gel of JGP-Ⅲstained by Coomssie brilliant blue R-250 and PAS respectively. All indicated JGP-Ⅲwas not a mixture of carbohydrate and protein but a homogeneous glycoprotein. The yield of JGP-Ⅲwas 0.5%(in dry state).
3 JGP-Ⅲwas white floccules, freely soluble in water, and not soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone. JGP-Ⅲcontain 12.61% total suger,74.34% protein, 8.47% amide suger,0.84% uronic acid, 1.06% sulfate group and 0.92% sialic acid. The molecular weight of JGP-Ⅲwas estimated to be 109.7kDa by SDS-PAGE and 85.3 kDa by HPLC. The denaturation temperature (Td) and shrinkage temperature (Ts) were 31.06℃and 61.74℃respectively. Monosaccharides composition of JGP-Ⅲwas Rha, Fuc, Ara, Man, Glc, GalNAc, and GlcNAc determined by GC. Amino acid composition of JGP-Ⅲwas rich in glycine, valine, glutanmic acid, alanine, proline, methionine and asparagic acid, and lacking in histidine. The existence of O-glycosidic and N-glycosidic linkage in the glycoprotein was demonstrated withβ–elimination reaction and peptide N-glycosidase F reaction. IR and NMR spectrum of the glycoprotein indicated the strcture characterization of JGP-Ⅲ. These results provided the theoretical basis for further research.
4 Scavenging activities on superoxide and hydroxyl radicals of JGP-Ⅲwere estimated by chemiluminescence method, and the structure-function relationship were initial studied by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis methods. Radical scavenging activities of JGP-Ⅲhad significant dose-dependent relationship. The carbohydrate moiety and protein moiety of JGP-Ⅲwere both involved in Scavenging radicals. The N-linked oligosaccharides played an important role in the Scavenging radicals of JGP-Ⅲ. Different structure of JGP-Ⅲhad different radicals scavenging activities. These results indicated that JGP-Ⅲhad strong free radical scavenging activities, and which had close relations with its three dimensional structure.
5 The regulating effect of JGP-Ⅲon immunological function in normal and immunosuppression mice were also investigated. The results showed that JGP-Ⅲof different dosages could obviously enhance spleen and thymus indexes, increase hemolysin conten(tP<0.01)and quantity of antibody forming cells in vivo(P<0.05), heighten delayed hypersensitivity level ( P<0.05, P<0.01, and promote the phagocytosis ability of celiac macrophage(P<0.05, P<0.01). It is suggested that JGP-Ⅲcan enhance immune function by activating specific and nonspecific immunity in organism.
6 The immunomodulatory of JGP-Ⅲwas investigated by the methods of molecular biology and cellular biology. JGP-Ⅲwas found to significantly increase the proliferation of total spleen lymphocytes cell populations and more strongly increases that of T cells. However, JGP-Ⅲhad less influence on the proliferation of B cells. JGP-Ⅲexerted its immunomodulating activity at an optimal dose of 50μg/mL. At this concentration, JGP-Ⅲpromoted farthest proliferation of spleen lymphocyte. Time-dependence analysis showed some differences action of JGP-Ⅲon T cells among four kinds of cytokines. IL-2 and IFN-γresponded rapidly to JGP-Ⅲ, whereas IL-4 and IL-6 were affected after a few hours treatment with JGP-Ⅲ, Accordingly, this suggested that Th1 cells, which secret IL-2 and IFN-γcytokines, were primary cellular targets directly affected by JGP-Ⅲon T lymphocyte. Whereupon, secondary response of Th2 cells related with IL-4 and IL-6 mRNA expression were followed.
本论文以青岛附近黄海海域的新鲜海蜇为原料,采用现代的分离纯化技术,仪器分析技术,药理研究技术和分子生物学技术,从海蜇口腕部分离纯化出一种新的糖蛋白(JGP-Ⅲ),并对其理化性质,清除自由基活性,免疫活性进行研究,旨在为海蜇资源的进一步开发提供理论依据和技术支持。实验主要获得如下研究结果:
1利用单因素实验和响应面分析方法中的Box-Behnken试验设计,对海蜇口腕部糖蛋白的提取工艺进行优化,结果显示,糖蛋白提取的最佳工艺条件为:提取溶剂为pH值为7.26的PBS,料液比为1:4,提取时间为7h。在此基础上。进行超声辅助提取,提取的最佳工艺条件是:超声处理时间为15min,超声功率为300W,提取时间60min。在此优化条件下,目标糖蛋白的得率为9.14%。
2海蜇口腕部提取液经乙醇分级沉淀,Sp Sephadex C-25阳离子交换柱层析初步分离,得到3组份,分别为JGP-Ⅱ, JGP-Ⅲ, JGP-Ⅳ,选择糖和蛋白含量及活性较高的组分JGP-Ⅲ进行进一步研究。JGP-Ⅲ经Sephacryl S300HR层析柱, Sepharose CL-6B柱层析和HPLC鉴定JGP-Ⅲ呈现单一对称的峰;经SDS-PAGE电泳后,通过PAS和考马斯亮兰两种染色方法,在凝胶上相应的位置出现了一条带。以上结果显示JGP-Ⅲ是组成均一的糖蛋白,而不是糖和蛋白的混合物。得率为0.5%(占海蜇口腕部干基重)。
3 JGP-Ⅲ冻干粉是白色絮状粉末,易溶于水,不溶于乙醇、甲醇、丙酮等有机溶剂。经化学分析方法测定,JGP-Ⅲ中含有12.61%总糖,74.34%总蛋白,8.47%氨基糖,0.84%糖醛酸,1.06%硫酸根、0.92%唾液酸。JGP-Ⅲ经SDS-PAGE测定分子量为109.7kDa,经HPLC测定,其分子量为85.3 kDa,两种方法测定得到的分子量有一定差别。JGP-Ⅲ的Td值为31.06℃,Ts值为61.74℃。JGP-Ⅲ的单糖组成主要有氨基葡萄糖,氨基半乳糖,葡萄糖,甘露糖,岩藻糖和鼠李糖。氨基酸组成中甘氨酸含量最高,其次为缬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、天门冬氨酸等,缺乏色氨酸和组氨酸。JGP-Ⅲ经消除反应前后紫外吸收和氨基酸组成的变化,说明JGP-Ⅲ中有O-连接糖苷键的存在。经糖肽酶F作用后,分子量发生明显变化,说明JGP-Ⅲ中有N-连接糖苷键的存在。JGP-Ⅲ的红外图谱具有典型的糖蛋白特征,再次证明JGP-Ⅲ是一种糖和蛋白的复合物。NMR图谱显示了JGP-Ⅲ结构特点。以上结果显示JGP-Ⅲ是一种新的糖蛋白,这为JGP-Ⅲ的进一步研究提供理论依据。
4试验通过化学发光的方法,检测JGP-Ⅲ具有较强的清除羟自由基和超氧自由基能力。JGP-Ⅲ的由糖部分和蛋白部分共同参与清除自由基活动;在清除自由基活动中,N-连接的寡糖链起到主要的作用;当温度达到热收缩温度61.74℃(即蛋白纤维收缩到原来的1/3)时,清除自由基能力最强,说明JGP-Ⅲ清除自由基活性与其空间三维结构有密切关系。
5采用JGP-Ⅲ溶液灌胃免疫低下模型小鼠,探讨了JGP-Ⅲ免疫调节功能。结果表明,不同剂量组的JGP-Ⅲ均能提高小鼠脾指数及胸腺指数(P<0.05);显著提高荷瘤小鼠血清溶血素含量(P<0.01)和抗体形成细胞数(P<0.05);提高迟发型变态反应;促进巨噬细胞的吞噬能力(P<0.05,P<0.01)。提示JGP-Ⅲ能全面调节机体的特异性和非特异性免疫功能,从而提高机体免疫能力。
6用MTT法检测了JGP-Ⅲ对从小鼠的脾脏细胞中分离的淋巴细胞的增殖活性的影响,结果发现,JGP-Ⅲ可以促进小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖活性,并且主要是通过对T淋巴细胞群起作用的,而对B淋巴细胞几乎没有影响。JGP-Ⅲ作用的最佳浓度为50μg/ml。进一步通过RT-PCR方法研究了JGP-Ⅲ对T淋巴细胞分泌的细胞因子IL-2, IL-4, IL-6和IFN-γ的影响,结果显示:细胞内的IL-2和IFN-γ的mRNA水平很快升高,而对IL-4和IL-6的作用则相对较慢,说明JGP-Ⅲ对T淋巴细胞的作用主要是作用于Thl亚细胞群。从细胞水平上揭示了JGP-Ⅲ免疫调节作用的途径。
Rhopilema esculentum jellyfish, a species of large and edible jellyfish, having the high economic, nutritional and medicinal value, is a big and important fishery resource in China. It was found that jellyfish(R.e)had an effective cure for hypertension, chronic tracheitis, asthma, gastric ulcer and struma. Considering its nutrient and curative value, R. esculentum jellyfish should be further investigate and exploited for its chemical compositions and pharmacological characters. Although some bioactivity components such as protein, toxic, polypeptides and carbohydrates were researched, no report on the biological activity of glycoprotein from jellyfish (R.e) oral-arms had yet been made.
Having fresh jellyfish (R. esculentum, captured in Yellow Sea near Qingdao city) as material in this dissertation and utilizing a series of modern technologies such as isolation and purification technology, instrument analysis technology, medical analysis technology and molecular biological technology, the author had systematically studied the purification, physicochemical prosperities, radical scavenging activity and immunity of glycoprotein (JGP-Ⅲ) from jellyfish(R. e) oral-arms. Main results achieved in this research as follows:
1 In order to optimize extraction technology for the glycoprotein from jellyfish(R.e) oral-arms, on the basis of single factor experiments, the effects of operating conditions such as solvent pH,material ratio, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power and extraction time on the yield of glycoprotein were analyzed by response surface methodology. The optimized extraction conditions as follows: solvent pH was 7.26, material ratio was 1:4, ultrasonic time was 15min, ultrasonic power was 300W, and extraction time was 60min. under the above mentioned conditions, the actual yield of target glycoprotein was 9.14%.
2 Three grades of jellyfish glycoprotein JGP-Ⅱ, JGP-Ⅲ, JGP-Ⅳwere isolated and purified from jellyfish oral-arms through ethanol fractionated precipitation, Sp Sephadex C-25 column. The fraction (JGP-Ⅲ) with high carbohydrate content, protein content and strong radical scavenging activity was further studied. By means of Sephacryl S300HR, Sepharose CL-6B and HPLC, JGP-Ⅲwas sole peak. A blue band and a pink band appeared on the correspondence site of SDS-PAGE gel of JGP-Ⅲstained by Coomssie brilliant blue R-250 and PAS respectively. All indicated JGP-Ⅲwas not a mixture of carbohydrate and protein but a homogeneous glycoprotein. The yield of JGP-Ⅲwas 0.5%(in dry state).
3 JGP-Ⅲwas white floccules, freely soluble in water, and not soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone. JGP-Ⅲcontain 12.61% total suger,74.34% protein, 8.47% amide suger,0.84% uronic acid, 1.06% sulfate group and 0.92% sialic acid. The molecular weight of JGP-Ⅲwas estimated to be 109.7kDa by SDS-PAGE and 85.3 kDa by HPLC. The denaturation temperature (Td) and shrinkage temperature (Ts) were 31.06℃and 61.74℃respectively. Monosaccharides composition of JGP-Ⅲwas Rha, Fuc, Ara, Man, Glc, GalNAc, and GlcNAc determined by GC. Amino acid composition of JGP-Ⅲwas rich in glycine, valine, glutanmic acid, alanine, proline, methionine and asparagic acid, and lacking in histidine. The existence of O-glycosidic and N-glycosidic linkage in the glycoprotein was demonstrated withβ–elimination reaction and peptide N-glycosidase F reaction. IR and NMR spectrum of the glycoprotein indicated the strcture characterization of JGP-Ⅲ. These results provided the theoretical basis for further research.
4 Scavenging activities on superoxide and hydroxyl radicals of JGP-Ⅲwere estimated by chemiluminescence method, and the structure-function relationship were initial studied by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis methods. Radical scavenging activities of JGP-Ⅲhad significant dose-dependent relationship. The carbohydrate moiety and protein moiety of JGP-Ⅲwere both involved in Scavenging radicals. The N-linked oligosaccharides played an important role in the Scavenging radicals of JGP-Ⅲ. Different structure of JGP-Ⅲhad different radicals scavenging activities. These results indicated that JGP-Ⅲhad strong free radical scavenging activities, and which had close relations with its three dimensional structure.
5 The regulating effect of JGP-Ⅲon immunological function in normal and immunosuppression mice were also investigated. The results showed that JGP-Ⅲof different dosages could obviously enhance spleen and thymus indexes, increase hemolysin conten(tP<0.01)and quantity of antibody forming cells in vivo(P<0.05), heighten delayed hypersensitivity level ( P<0.05, P<0.01, and promote the phagocytosis ability of celiac macrophage(P<0.05, P<0.01). It is suggested that JGP-Ⅲcan enhance immune function by activating specific and nonspecific immunity in organism.
6 The immunomodulatory of JGP-Ⅲwas investigated by the methods of molecular biology and cellular biology. JGP-Ⅲwas found to significantly increase the proliferation of total spleen lymphocytes cell populations and more strongly increases that of T cells. However, JGP-Ⅲhad less influence on the proliferation of B cells. JGP-Ⅲexerted its immunomodulating activity at an optimal dose of 50μg/mL. At this concentration, JGP-Ⅲpromoted farthest proliferation of spleen lymphocyte. Time-dependence analysis showed some differences action of JGP-Ⅲon T cells among four kinds of cytokines. IL-2 and IFN-γresponded rapidly to JGP-Ⅲ, whereas IL-4 and IL-6 were affected after a few hours treatment with JGP-Ⅲ, Accordingly, this suggested that Th1 cells, which secret IL-2 and IFN-γcytokines, were primary cellular targets directly affected by JGP-Ⅲon T lymphocyte. Whereupon, secondary response of Th2 cells related with IL-4 and IL-6 mRNA expression were followed.
引文
[1]张奕强,许实波.水母的化学和药理学研究概况.中国海洋药物杂志,1999,43-48
[2]洪惠馨.水母和海蜇.生物学通报, 2002,37(2):13-16
[3]马喜平,凡守军.水母类在海洋食物网中的作用.海洋科学,1998, 2: 38-42
[4] Moller H. Scyphomedusae as predators and food competitors of larvae fish. Kiel Meeresforsch ,28: 90-100
[5]江静波,陈俊民,陈作如,等.无脊椎动物学(第二版).北京:高等教育出版社,1982. 97
[6]张明亮,秦士德.刺胞动物蜇伤.中国海洋药物,1991, 3: 35-39
[7]张锡佳,张培超,汤宪春.山东沿海海蜇、面蜇、沙蜇3种食用海蜇的区分.齐鲁渔业,2006,23(10):6-8
[8]高尚武,洪惠馨,张士美.中国动物志无脊椎动物第二十七卷,北京:科学出版社,2002, 223-224.
[9]黄芝蓉.家庭食用药物大全,北京:中国中医药出版社,2000, 366-367.
[10] Morikawa T. Jellyfish. FAO INFOFISH Digest 1:37-39
[11]王赛时.酒桌凉菜夸海蛰.四川烹饪,1993,3: 26-27
[12]中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.食物成分表.北京:人民卫生出版社,1992, 104
[13]刘希光,于华华,刘松,等.海蜇不同部位的氨基酸组成和含量分析.海洋科学,2007,31(2):9-12
[14]郭文场,张凯,土重阳.海蜇.特种经济动植物,2000, 2: 13-16
[15]杨春,苏秀榕,李泰武,等.海蜇的综合利用.河北渔业,2003, 28: 12-14
[16]姜凤吾,张玉顺.中国海洋药物辞典,北京:海洋出版社,1994. 269
[17]郑蓓.海蜇皮外治通风1例.Journal of External Therapy of TCM, 2003, 12 (4):48
[18]人珊.海蜇:医食兼优.医药与保健,1995, 5: 40
[19]邢湘臣.保健佳品海蜇.医药与保健杂志,2003, 6: 52
[20]彭才国.话说海蜇.中国检验检疫,1996, 2: 46
[21] Hsieh Y H P, Rudloe J. Potential of utilizing jellyfish as food in Western countries. Trends Food Sci. Tech., 1994, 5:225-229
[22] Hsieh Y H P, Leong F-M, Barnes K B. Inorganic constituents in fresh and processed cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus meleagris). J. Agric. Food Chem.1996, 44: 3117-3119
[23]刘希光,于华华,李学刚,等.海蜇中常量和微量元素的同时测定.海洋学报, 2006,28(2):151-155
[24]刘希光,于华华,赵增芹,等.微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定海蜇中的痕量砷和硒.光谱学与光谱分析, 2005,25(6):964-967
[25]刘希光,于华华,赵增芹,等.海蜇中微量汞的微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定.分析测试学报. 2004,23(6):101-103
[26] AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Washington D C. 1990.
[27] Huang Y. W .Cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus meleagris) as a food resource. J.Food. Sci. 1988, 53: 341-343
[28]刘希光.海蜇的化学组成和及生物活性的研究:[博士学位论文].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所.2004
[29] Hooper SN,Ackman R. G..Distribution of trans-6-hexadec enoic acid, 7-methyl-7- hexade- cenoic acid and common fatty acids in lipids of the ocean sunfish Mola mola. Lipids, 8: 509-516
[30]尹晴红,张娥华,刘邮州,等.即食海蜇的加工工艺.中国水产,2000,11:46
[31]钟漩.海蜇加工新工艺的探讨.广西水产科技,2000, 4: 30-33
[32]游克仁.碧海蜇花.知识就是力量,1999, 11: 26
[33]中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.食物成分表.北京:人民卫生出版社,1992, 222
[34]刘希光,于华华,赵增芹,等.海蜇不同部位脂肪酸的组成研究.分析化学研究简报2004, 32(12): 1635-1638
[35] Fukuda Y, Naganuma T.. Potential dietary effects on the fatty acid composition of the common iellvfish Aurelia aurita. Marine Biology, 2001,13(8):1029-1035
[36] Kattner GH, Frick SG.. Simple gas-liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of fatty acids and alcohols in wax esters of marine organisms. J.Chromatogr., 1986, 361:263-268
[37] Graeve M, Kattner G, Hagen W..Diet-induced changes in the fatty acid composition of Arctic herbivorous copepods: experimental evidence of diet markers. J Exb Mar Biol Ecol. 1994,182: 97-110
[38] White R H, Hager L P.. Occurrence of fatty acid chlorohydrins in jellyfish lipids.Biochemistry, 1977,16 (22): 4944-4948
[39]唐传核,徐建祥,彭志英.脂肪酸营养与功能的最新研究.中国油脂, 2000,25(6): 20-23
[40]秦惠基.多不饱和脂肪酸在疾病防治中的作用.广东药学院学报, 2000, 16(4): 289-291
[41] Kimura S S, Miura S, Park Y H.. Collagen as the major edible component of jellyfish (Stomolophus nomurai). J. Food Sci..1983, 48: 1758-1760
[42] Barzansky B, Lenhoff H M, Bode H.. Hydra mesoglea: similarity of its amino acid and neutral sugar composition to that of vertebrate basal lamina. Comp.Biochem. Physiol., 1975, 50B: 419-424
[43] Dubois M, Gilles K A, Hamilton J K, et al. Colorimetric method for detection of sugars and related sub stances. Analyt. Chem., 1956, 28: 350-356
[44] Bocquet J, Pujol J P, Rolland J, et al. Absence de mucopolysaccharides acides dans la mesoglee de Rhizostoma pulmo L. (Scyphomeduse). C.r. hebd. Seanc.Acad. Sci., 1972, ParisD 274: 101-103
[45] Roden L, Baker J R, Cifonelli J A, et al. Isolation and characterization of connective tissue polysaccharides. In Methods in Enzymology. Complex Carbohydrates. New York: Academic Press, 1972. Part B, Vol. 28. 73-140
[46] Gardner E.P.,Zubkoff P. L.. Monomeric constituents of the mesogleal polysaccharides of Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Scyphozoa: semaeostomeae).Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1978, 61B:161-163
[47]中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.食物成分表,北京:人民卫生出版社,1992, 182
[48]刘希光,于华华,刘松,等.海蜇不同部位的氨基酸组成和含量分析.海洋科学, 2007,31:9-11
[49] Huang Y. W.. Cannonball jellyfish, Stomolophus meleagris as a food resource. J.Food Sci., 1988, 53: 341-343
[50] Spiro R. G.. Glycoproteins. Ann. Rev. Biochem. ,1970, 23:599-638
[51] Miura S,Kimura S. Jellyfish mesogloea collagen. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1985, 260 (28): 15352-15356
[52] Nagai T, Ogawa T, Nakamura T, et al. Collagen of edible jellyfish exumbrella. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, 1999, 79: 855- 858
[53] Piez K A. Characterization of a collagen from codfish skin containing three chromatographically differentα-chains. Biochemistry, 1965, 4: 2590-2596
[54] Kimura S, Ohno Y, Miyauchi Y, et al. Fish skin type I collagen: Wide distribution of anα-3 subunit in teleosts. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1987, 88B: 27-34
[55] Hiroshi N,Kyoko T,Masahiro N.. Toxinfromthe Hawaiian box jellyfish(sea wasp) Carybdea alata. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2000, 275:589- 594
[56] Keen T. Comparison of tentacle extracts from Chiropsalmus quadrigatusand Chironex fleckeri(Jellyfish). Toxicon, 1971,9(3):249
[57] Hiroshi N,Kyoko T,Masahiro N. Toxin from the Hawaiian box jellyfish(sea wasp) Carybdea alata. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ,2000 , 275 :589 - 594
[58] Paul M. Baileya'e, Anthony J. Bakkerb, Jamie E. Seymourg, et al. A functional comparison of the venom of three Australian jellyfish-Chironex fleckeri,Chiropsalmus sp.,and Carybdea xaymacana—on cytosolic Ca2+. Toxicon, 2005,45:233–242
[59] Winter K.L., Isbister G.K., Seymour J.E., et al. An in vivo examination of the stability of venom from the Australian box jellyfish Chironex fleckeri.Toxicon, 2007,49:804–809
[60] Kelly L.Winter,Ross Fernando,Sharmaine Ramasamy, et al. The in vitro vascular effects of two chirodropid (Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsella bronzie) venoms.Toxicology Letters. 2007,168:13–20
[61] Diane Brinkman,James Burnell. Identification, cloning and sequencing of two major venom proteins from the box jellyfish(Chironex fleckeri).Toxicon, 2007,50:850–860
[62] Wanwan Lin, Lee C Y, Joseph WB. Effect on sea nettle( Chrysaora quinquesirrha)venomon isolated rat aorta.Toxicon,1998,26:1209-1212
[63] Cao C J , Eldefrawi M E, Elldefrawi A T,et al. Toxicity of sea nettle toxin to human he - patocytes and the pro-tective effects of phosphorylating and alkylating agents. Toxicon,1998,36:269-281
[64]张弈强,许实波.水母的化学和药理学研究概况.中国海洋药物,1999,18(1) :43- 48
[65] Heike Helmholz,Christiane Ruhnau,Christian Schu¨tt, et al.Comparative study on the cell toxicity and enzymatic activity of two northern scyphozoan species Cyanea capillata(L.)and Cyanea lamarckii(Pe′ron&Le′slieur).Toxicon, 2007,50:53–64
[66] Yanzhen Yang,Shujian Cun,Xiaojin Xie, et al.EST analysis of gene expression in the tentacleof Cyanea capillata.FEBS Letters, 2003,538:183-191
[67] John J.Chung,Lal A.Ratnapala, Ian M.Cooke, et al.. Partial purifyication and characterization of a hemolysin (CAHI) from Hawaiian box jellyfish (Carybdeaalata) venom. Toxicon,2001,39:981-990
[68] Werb Z, Banda M J, McCarrow J H, et al. Elastases and elastin degradation. J.Invest. Dean., 1982,79:154
[69] Lal D M, Calton G J, Neeman I, et al. Characterization of Physalia physalis (Portuguese man-o'war) nematocyst collagenase.Comp.Biochem. Physiol.,1981,70B: 635
[70] Huahua Yu, Xiguang Liu, Ronge Xing, et al.Radical scavenging activity of protein from tentacles of jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2005, 10(15): 2659-2664
[71] Huahua Yu, Cuiping Li, Ronggui Li, et al. Factors influencing hemolytic activity of venom from the jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye.Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2007, 7(45): 1173-1178
[72] Cuiping Li, Huahua Yu, Song Liu, et al. Factors affecting the protease activity of venom from jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2005, 24(15): 5370-5374
[73] Huahua Yu, Xiguang Liu, Xiangli Dong, et al.Insecticidal activity of proteinous venom from tentacle of jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2005, 22(15):4949-4952
[74] Laura G,Massimo A,Bella G. Biologically active polypeptides in the venom of the jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica. Toxicon,1997,35:637-648
[75] Neeman I, Calton G J, Bumett T W. An ultrastructural study of the cytotoxic effect of the venoms from the sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) and Potuguese man-o'war (Physalia physalis) on cultured Chinese hamster ovary K-I cells. Toxicon, 1980,18:495
[76] Takuya S, Masashi U, Yoko G, et al. Immunostimulation Effect of Jellyfish Collagen. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2006,70(9):2131-2137.
[77]安桂香.海蜇活性肽的制备及降压效果的研究:[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学, 2006
[78]吴红棉,钟敏,雷晓凌.海蜇糖胺聚糖提取、纯化及其降血脂作用研究.中国海洋药物杂志,2007,4(26):41-44
[79] Masuda A, Baba T, Dohmae N, et al. Mucin (Qniumucin), a glycoprotein from jellyfish, and determination of its main chain. Journal of Natural Products, 2007,70: 1089-1092
[80]张维杰.糖复合物生化研究技术(第二版).杭州:浙江大学出版社, 1999, 1-4
[81] Montreuil J, Vliegenthart J F G. Glycoproteins. Amsterdam:Elsevier Science Publishing : Company INC, 1995
[82]朱科学,周惠明,郭晓娜.植物来源糖蛋白的结构与功能.食品与发酵工业, 2002,28(l2): 57-61
[83]吴东儒.糖类的生物化学.北京:高等教育出版社, 1987. 687-755
[84]孙册,莫汉庆.糖蛋白与蛋白聚糖结构、功能和代谢(二).北京:科学出版社, 1988. 1-3
[85] Akiyama Y, Kato K.Structure of Hydroxyproline-arabinoside from Tobacco Cells. Agric.Bio.Chem., 1977, 41( 1 ):79-81
[86] Lis H, Sharon N, Katchalski E. Isolation of a Mannose-containing Glycopeptide from Soybean Hemagglutinin.Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1974, 83(3):376-378
[87] Murach T, Takahashi N. Evidence for glycoprotein nature of stem bromelain:isolateion of a gltcopeptide.Biochemistry, 1967, 6:3730-3736
[88] Goldstein I. J. and Hayes C. E.. The lectins: carbohydrate-binding proteins of plants and animals. Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem. 1978,35:127-340.
[89] Selvendran R R. Cell Wall Glycoproteins and Polysaccharides of Parenchyma of Phaseolus Coccineus.Phytochemistry, 1975, 14(10):2175-2180
[90]黄祥瑞,杨秀旭,吴庆丽.糖蛋白和多糖类物质分子量测定方法的比较研究.军事医学科学院院刊, 1995, 19(3): 219-221
[91]蔡耘,钱小红.生物质谱技术在糖蛋白结构分析中的应用.生物技术通讯,2002,13(5):404-407
[92] Yang Y, Orlando R. Identifying the glycosylation sites and site-specific carbohydrate hetergeneity of glycoproteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom,1996,10(8):932
[93] Takeichi T, Takeuchi J, Kaneko T, et al. Purification and Characterization of a Galactose-rich Basic Glycoprotein in Tobacco.Plant Physiol., 1998, 116(2): 477-483
[94] Mirelman D, Galum E, Sharon N, et al. Inhibition of Fungal Growth by Wheat GermAgglutinin.Nature, 1975, 256(5516):414-416
[95]朱政.脂肪细胞膜凝集素生的初步研究.中国科学B辑, 1984, 9: 81 l-817
[96] Wiflams R 3. Osmotic Properties of Glycoproteins from Hardy Dogwood Trees. Plant Physiol. 1973, 51:25
[97] Dufau M L, Charreau E H, Catt K J. Characteristics of a Soluble Gonadotropin Receptor from the RatTestis.J. Biol. Chem., 1973, 248(20):6973-6982
[98]李八方.功能食品与保健食品.青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社1997. 245-246
[99] Grundy S M, Vega G L. Two Different Views of the Relationship of Hypertriglyceridemia to Coronary Heart Disease: Implications for Treatment.Arch. Intern. Med., 1992, 152:28
[100] Stary H C. A Definition of Advanced Types of Atherosclerotic Lesions and a Histological Classification of Arteriosclerosis: a Report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association Special Report.Circulation, 1995, 92:355
[101] Mann J M, Davies M J. Vulnerable Plaque: Relation of Characteristics to Degree of Stenos is in Human Coronary Arteries.Circulations, 1996, 94:928
[102]郑建仙.功能性食品(第三卷).北京:中国轻工业出版社1999. 411
[103]金宗滚.保健食品的功能评价与开发.北京:中国轻工业出版社2000.110
[104]于秋英,刘翠俐,陈桃香,等.药菜多糖蛋白体降低小鼠血脂作用的研究.中国公共卫生学报, 1997,16 (2): 85-86
[105]黄琳娟,田庚元,王仲孚,等.枸杞子糖缀合物及其糖链对LDL氧化修饰的抑制作用药学学报, 2001, 36(2): 108-111
[106] Wang C B, Lan X Z, Zhang L P, et al. The Preventive Effect of Beta-carotene from Duraliella Saliva on Experimental Atherosclerosis in Quails.Chin. J. Mar. Drugs (in Chinese), 1998, 17(1): 7-12
[107]殷关英,中建和,陈琼华.猴头菇多糖和蛋白多糖的抗凝血和降血脂作用.生化药物杂志, 1991, 57(3): 36-39
[108]胡金风,耿美亚.硫酸多糖与动脉粥样硬化.中国药理学通报, 2001, 17(2): 127-131
[109]杨立明,陈赐民.浅谈甘薯综合开发利用.国外农学-杂粮作物,1995, (2): 44-45
[110]陈宗道,周才琼,童华荣.茶叶化学工程学.重庆:西南师范大学出版社, 1998
[111]郑建仙.功能性食品.北京:中国轻工业出版社, 1997.67-74
[112] Matsuda T, Watanabe K, Nakamura R. Immunochemical and Physical Properties of Peptic-digested Ovomucoid.J. Agric. Food Chem., 1983, 93:661
[113] Takuro K. Isolation and Characterization of a Noval lmmunomodulating Fraction from Soybeans L.Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 1993, 57(3): 367-391
[114]田庚元,王晨.枸杞子糖蛋白一条高分子量糖链的结构鉴定.生物化学与生物物理报, 1995, 27(5):493-495
[115]田庚元,王晨.枸杞子糖蛋白的分离纯化、理化性质及糖肽键特征.生物化学与生物物理学报, 1995, 27 ( 2 ) : 201-205
[116] Li X Y, Wang J F, Zhu P P, et al. Immune Enhancement of a Polysaccharides Peptides Isolated from Coriolus Versiococor.Acta Pharmacol., 1990, 11(6): 542-545
[117]黄沁.免疫药物学.上海:科学技术出版社1986.45-89
[118]上海医药工业研究院.抗变态反应药物及免疫增强剂.上海:科学技术出版社1980.
[119]国外医学参考资料.药学分册, 1977. 3: 136-138
[120]梁忠岩.人参糖蛋白的分离纯化和结构性质研究.植物学报, 1988, 30 ( 4 ): 396-399
[121]刘瑞君.榆耳多糖的分离及其性质的研究.微生物学杂志, 1999, 12(1): 17-22
[122] Beeley J G. The Isolation of Ovomucoid Variants Differing in Carbohydrate Composition. Biochem., 1971, 123:339
[123]李八方.海洋生物活性物质.青岛:中国海洋大学出版社, 2007.61
[124]张惟杰.糖复合物生化研究技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社2004.362
[125] Stumpe M., Miller C., Morton N.S., et al. High perfermance liquid chromatography determination ofα1–acid glycoprotein in small volumes of plasma from neonates.J. Chromatogr. B., 2006,831: 81-84
[126]于修烛,李志西,杜双奎.苹果籽油超声波辅助浸提及产品理化特性研究.农业工程学报, 2005, 21 (9) : 155- 159
[127]简丽,贾慧凯,庞丽纹,等.超声波辅助提取狼毒大戟中二萜类物质Jolkinolide B3.精细化工, 2007, 10(24):972-974
[128]马海乐,肖海芳,骆琳.条斑紫菜藻红蛋白的脉冲超声辅助提取.农业工程学报, 2007, 23 (1) : 207- 211
[129]马国刚,王建中,卢晓蕊.响应面分析法优化槐米芦丁超声波提取工艺的研究.食品与发酵工业, 2007,33(8):167-172
[130]张惟杰.糖复合物生化研究技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社1999,362-370
[131]张富新,陈锦屏,李林强.利用超声处理提取皱胃酶的实验研究.农业工程学报,2004,20 (3):153-156
[132]于修烛,李志西,杜双奎.苹果籽油超声波辅助浸提产品理化特性研究.农业工程学报, 2005, 21 (9) : 155- 159
[133] Iqbal T, Kinjo M, Dowling T C. Determination of Rhodamine 123 in cell lysate by HPLC with visible wavelength detection. Journal of Chromatography B, 2005, (814): 259-262. 2007, 23 (3) : 213- 218
[134]程玉祥.茶树叶糖蛋白的纯化研究:[硕士学位论文].合肥:安徽农业大学.2002
[135] Satoshi Kishino,Katsumi Miyazaki.Sparation methods for glycoprotein analysis and preparation. Journal of Chromatography B, 1997 (699):371-381
[136] Tahira Iqbal,Minori Kinjo,Thomas C.Dowling. Detrmination of Rhodamine 123 in celllysate by HPLC with visible wavelength detection.Journal of chromatography B, 2005 (814): 259-262
[137] Sun T., Xu Z.M., and Godber J.S.,. Ultrasound assisted extraction in quantifying lutein from chicken liver using high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B., 2006,830: 158-160.
[138]李良铸,李明晔.现代生化药物生产关键技术.北京:化学工业出版社2006.
[139] Alex Patist , Darren Bates. Ultrasonic innovations in the food industry: From the laboratory to commercial production.Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2008,9:147–154
[140] Kamaljit Vilkhu, Raymond Mawson, Lloyd Simons, et al. Applications and opportunities for ultrasound assisted extraction in the food industry -A review.Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2008,9 :161–169
[141]刘艳丰,林松毅,刘静波等.超声波辅助提取笃斯越桔叶片多糖的研究.食品科学,2007,28(10):290-292
[142]钟耕.绿色工艺制备生物柴油探索-废油脂酶法制备生物柴油研究:[博士学位论文].北京:中国农业科学院, 2007
[143]林杰,郑德先,高友鹤.糖蛋白质组研究进展.基础医学与临床,2007,27(2):122-124
[144]仲娜,郝林华,王小如.糖蛋白药物的研究进展.中国新药杂志,2005,14 (12):1400-1403
[145] Hurkman W J, Tanaka C. Solubilization of Plant Membrane Proteins for Analysis by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis. Plant Physiol,1986,81:802-807
[146] Margarito Martinez-Cruz, Edgar Zenteno, Felix Cordoba. Purification and characterization of a galactose-specific lectin from corn (Zea mays) coleoptyle. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2001,1568:37-44
[147] Cummings R D. Use of lectins in analysis of glycoconjugates.Methods Enzymol, 1994,230:66-86
[148] Guesdon J L, Ternynck T, Avranmeds S.The use of avidin-biotin interaction in immuneoenzymatic techniques. J Histochem Cytochem, 1987,27(8): 1131-1139
[149] Bullock D R, Petrusz P. Techniques in immunocytochemistry. London UK .Academic Press, 1985,155-178
[150]陈彦,李一琨,包森林等.白头翁糖蛋白的分离纯化及其性质.中国生化药物杂志,1997, 18(4): 180-183
[151]殷钢,刘铮,李琛等.螺旋藻糖蛋白的分离纯化及其性质研究.高等学校化学学报, 1999, 20(4): 565-568
[152]王翎.虫花菌胞外糖蛋白的分离、纯化及其性质研究.真菌学报,1996, 15(1): 48-52
[153]唐成康,高小平,徐大勇,等.山茱萸糖蛋白的纯化及部分理化性质研究. 2005, 17(2):147-149
[154] Hongwei Luan,Xin Liu,Xiaohui Qi, et al. Purificationg and characterization of a novel stable ginsenoside Rb1-hydrolyzing B-Dglucosidase from China white jade snail. Process biochemistry, 2006,41:1974-1980
[155] Kexue Zhu,Huiming Zhou.Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein from wheat germ water-soluble extracts. Process biochemistry, 2005,40:1469-1474
[156] Dubois M, Gilles K A, Hamilton J K, et al. Colorimetric method for determination of sugers and related substances. Anal Chem 1956,28: 350-356
[157] Dodgson K S, Price R G. A note on the determination of the ester sulfate content of sulfated polysaccharides. Biochem J, 1962,84:106-110
[158] Bitter T, Muir H M. A modified uronic acid carbazole reaction. Anal Chem, 1962,237: 75-80
[159]张惟杰.糖复合物生化研究技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社2004 .16
[144]仲娜,郝林华,王小如.糖蛋白药物的研究进展.中国新药杂志,2005,14 (12):1400-1403
[145] Hurkman W J, Tanaka C. Solubilization of Plant Membrane Proteins for Analysis by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis. Plant Physiol,1986,81:802-807
[146] Margarito Martinez-Cruz, Edgar Zenteno, Felix Cordoba. Purification and characterization of a galactose-specific lectin from corn (Zea mays) coleoptyle. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2001,1568:37-44
[147] Cummings R D. Use of lectins in analysis of glycoconjugates.Methods Enzymol, 1994,230:66-86
[148] Guesdon J L, Ternynck T, Avranmeds S.The use of avidin-biotin interaction in immuneoenzymatic techniques. J Histochem Cytochem, 1987,27(8): 1131-1139
[149] Bullock D R, Petrusz P. Techniques in immunocytochemistry. London UK .Academic Press, 1985,155-178
[150]陈彦,李一琨,包森林等.白头翁糖蛋白的分离纯化及其性质.中国生化药物杂志,1997, 18(4): 180-183
[151]殷钢,刘铮,李琛等.螺旋藻糖蛋白的分离纯化及其性质研究.高等学校化学学报, 1999, 20(4): 565-568
[152]王翎.虫花菌胞外糖蛋白的分离、纯化及其性质研究.真菌学报,1996, 15(1): 48-52
[153]唐成康,高小平,徐大勇,等.山茱萸糖蛋白的纯化及部分理化性质研究. 2005, 17(2):147-149
[154] Hongwei Luan,Xin Liu,Xiaohui Qi, et al. Purificationg and characterization of a novel stable ginsenoside Rb1-hydrolyzing B-Dglucosidase from China white jade snail. Process biochemistry, 2006,41:1974-1980
[155] Kexue Zhu,Huiming Zhou.Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein from wheat germ water-soluble extracts. Process biochemistry, 2005,40:1469-1474
[156] Dubois M, Gilles K A, Hamilton J K, et al. Colorimetric method for determination of sugers and related substances. Anal Chem 1956,28: 350-356
[157] Dodgson K S, Price R G. A note on the determination of the ester sulfate content of sulfated polysaccharides. Biochem J, 1962,84:106-110
[158] Bitter T, Muir H M. A modified uronic acid carbazole reaction. Anal Chem, 1962,237: 75-80
[159]张惟杰.糖复合物生化研究技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社2004 .16marine sponge Cliona varians: Isolation,characterization and its effects on pathogenic bacteria and Leishmania promastigotes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology(A), 2006, 45 :517–523
[175] Shriver J W, Kamath U. Diferential scanning calorimetry of unfolding of myosin subfragment 1, subfragment 2, and heavy meromyosin. Biochemistry, 1990, 29: 2556-2564
[176] Scilingo A A, et al. Calorimetric study of soybean protein isolates: effect of calcium and thermal treatments. J Agric Food Chem, 1996, 44: 3751-3756
[177] Fathima N N, Madhan B., Rao J R, et al. Interaction of aldehydes with collagen: effect on thermal, enzymatic and conformational stability. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2004, 34: 241-247
[178]王文高,陈正行,姚惠源.不同干燥方法对大米蛋白质功能性质的影响.粮食与饲料工业, 2002, 5: 44-45
[179] Martin H, Dean M. Identification of a thioredoxin-related protein associated with plasma membranes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1991, 175: 123-128
[180] Nagano T, Mori H, Nishinarik. Effect of Heating and Cooling on the gelation kinetics of 7S Globulin from Soybeans. J Agric Food Chem, 1994, 42: 1415-1420
[181] Esra Ibanoglu. Effect of hydrocolloids on the thermal denaturation of proteins. Food Chemistry, 2005,90:621-626
[182] Magdalena Michalczyk, Krzysztof Surowka. Changes in protein frations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gravads during production and storage. Food Chemistry, 2007, 104:1006-1013
[183] Wang Shujun, Liu Hongyan, Gao Wenyuan, et al. Characterization of new starches separated from different Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) cultivars.Food Chemistry, 2006,99:30-37
[184] Feng-xia Cui, Chang-hu Xue, Zhao-jie Li, et al. Characterization and subunit composition of collagen from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Food Chemistry, 2007, 100:1120-1125
[185] Komsa-Penkova R, Koynova R, Kostov G, et al. Thermal stability of calf skin collagen typemarine sponge Cliona varians: Isolation,characterization and its effects on pathogenic bacteria and Leishmania promastigotes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology(A), 2006, 45 :517–523
[175] Shriver J W, Kamath U. Diferential scanning calorimetry of unfolding of myosin subfragment 1, subfragment 2, and heavy meromyosin. Biochemistry, 1990, 29: 2556-2564
[176] Scilingo A A, et al. Calorimetric study of soybean protein isolates: effect of calcium and thermal treatments. J Agric Food Chem, 1996, 44: 3751-3756
[177] Fathima N N, Madhan B., Rao J R, et al. Interaction of aldehydes with collagen: effect on thermal, enzymatic and conformational stability. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2004, 34: 241-247
[178]王文高,陈正行,姚惠源.不同干燥方法对大米蛋白质功能性质的影响.粮食与饲料工业, 2002, 5: 44-45
[179] Martin H, Dean M. Identification of a thioredoxin-related protein associated with plasma membranes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1991, 175: 123-128
[180] Nagano T, Mori H, Nishinarik. Effect of Heating and Cooling on the gelation kinetics of 7S Globulin from Soybeans. J Agric Food Chem, 1994, 42: 1415-1420
[181] Esra Ibanoglu. Effect of hydrocolloids on the thermal denaturation of proteins. Food Chemistry, 2005,90:621-626
[182] Magdalena Michalczyk, Krzysztof Surowka. Changes in protein frations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gravads during production and storage. Food Chemistry, 2007, 104:1006-1013
[183] Wang Shujun, Liu Hongyan, Gao Wenyuan, et al. Characterization of new starches separated from different Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) cultivars.Food Chemistry, 2006,99:30-37
[184] Feng-xia Cui, Chang-hu Xue, Zhao-jie Li, et al. Characterization and subunit composition of collagen from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Food Chemistry, 2007, 100:1120-1125
[185] Komsa-Penkova R, Koynova R, Kostov G, et al. Thermal stability of calf skin collagen type136Ⅰin salt solution. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1996, 1297:171-181
[186]周乐,钱菊汾,王建辰.哺乳动物透明带糖蛋白及其生物活性生物化学与生物物理进展.1996,23(3): 233-236
[187] Shaoping Nie, Mingyong Xie, Zhihong Fu, Yiqun Wan, Aiping Yan, Study on the purification and chemical compositions of tea glycoprotein. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2008, 71(4): 626-633
[188]张惟杰.糖复合物生化研究技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社2004.192
[189] Verónica M. Mendoza, Rosalì′a Agusti, Carola Gallo-Rodriguez,et al..Synthesis of the O-linked pentasaccharide in glycoproteins of Trypanosoma cruzi and selective sialylation by recombinant trans-sialidase. Carbohydrate Research 2006,341: 1488–1497
[190] Klaus Bollig, Marc Lamsho¨ft, Kristian Schweimer, et al.Structural analysis of linear hydroxyproline-bound O-glycans of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii—conservation of the inner core in Chlamydomonas and land plants. Carbohydrate Research, 2007,342 : 2557–2566
[191]钟耀广.功能性食品.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[192] Yasser F.M. Kishk, HananM.A.Al-Sayed. Free-radical scavenging and antioxidative activities of some polysaccharides in emulsions. LWT, 2007, 40: 270-277
[193]凌关庭.抗氧化食品与健康.北京:化学工业出版社, 2004.
[194] Zhao Y, Son YO, Kim SS, et al.Antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activity of polysaccharide isolated from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl.J Biochem Mol Biol,2007,40(5):670-677
[195] Jae-Young,Zhong-Ji Qian,Hee-Guk Byun,et al.purification and characteriztion of an antioxidant peptide obtained from tuna backbone protein by enzymatic hydrolysis.Process biochemistry, 2007,42:840-846
[196] Mahfuz Elmastas, Omer Isidak, Ibrahim Turkekul, et al.Determination of antioxidant activity and antioxidant compounds in wild edible mushrooms. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2007,20:337-345
[197] Lin Lin, Li Ba-fang. Radical scavenging properties of protein hydrolysates fromJumbo flying squid (Dosidicus eschrichitii Steen skin gelatin.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,
[198] Sei-Jung Lee,Jeong-Hyeon Ko,Kwang Lim,et al.150 kDa glycoprotein isolated from7(12) :67-70
[211] M.Y.K. Leung, K.P. Fung, Y.M. Choy. The isolation and characterization of an immunomodulatory and anti-tumor polysaccharide preparation from Flammulina velutipes.Immunopharmacology, 1997, 35: 255-263
[212] C.Y. Ho, T.W.C. Lo, K.N. Leung, et al. The immunostimulating activities of anti-tumor polysaccharide from K1 capsular polysaccharide antigen isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Immunopharmacology, 2000, 46: 1-13
[213] P. Thejass, G. Kuttan.Immunomodulatory activity of Sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate from broccoli (Brassica oleracea).Phytomedicine, 2007, 14:538–545
[214]徐叔云,卞如濂,陈修.药理实验方法学.北京:人民卫生出版社.
[215] Mohammad Fararjeh,Mohammad K. Mohammad,Yasser Bustanji, et al.Evaluation of immunosuppression induced by metronidazole in Balb/c mice and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. International Immunopharmacology,2008,8:341–350
[216]于善谦,王洪海,朱乃硕,等.免疫学导论.北京:高等教育出版社&施普林格出版社(第一版),1997.30-50
[217]朱立平,陈学清.免疫学常用实验方法.北京:人民军医出版社(第一版),2000.
[218]孙卫民,王惠琴.细胞因子研究方法学.北京:人民卫生出版社(第一版),1999.
[219] Salivary gland extracts of Culicoides sonorensis inhibit murine lymphocyte proliferation and no production by macrophages.Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006,75(3):532-536
[220] Ebringerova A, Kardosova A, Hromadkova Z, et al. Mitogenic and comitogemc activities of polysaccharides from some European herbaceous plants. Fitoterapia, 2003,74: 52-61
[221] Chenxiao Zhang,Kaixun Huang. Characteristic immunostimulation by MAP, a polysacchari–de isolated from the mucus of the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus,Carbohydrate Polymers, 2005, 59(1): 75-82
[222] Zhong Xi, Yi Jie,He Xue Bao. Immunomodulatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharide in diabetic mice. 2008 ,6(2):166-70
[223] Immunomodulatory activity of acidic polysaccharides isolated from Tanacetum vulgare L.Int Immunopharmacol. 2007, 15,7(13):1639-1650
[224]程宝鸳.动物细胞培养技术.广州:华南理工大学出版社, 2001.
[225]鄂征.组织培养技术.北京:人民卫生出版社(第一版), 1982
[226]薛庆善.体外培养的原理和技术.北京:科学出版社(第一版), 2001
[227] Trizio D, Cudkowicz G. Separation of T and B lymphocytes by nylon wool columns: evaluation of efficiency by functional assays in vivo. J. Immunol.,1974,113(4):1093-1097
[228] Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival:application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of Immunological Methods, 1983, 65: 55-63
[229] Dieffenbach Carl W, Dveksler Gabriela S.PCR技术实验指南,(俞炜源,陈添弥,黄培堂译).北京:科学出版社,1998.
[230] Han SB, Kim Y H, Lee C W, et al. Characteristic immunostimulation by angelan isolated from Angelica gigas Nakai. Immunopharmacology,1998,40:39-48
[231]孙卫民,王惠琴.细胞因子研究方法学.北京:人民卫生出版社(第一版),1999.
[232] Ruan Zheng, Su Jie, Dai Hanchuan, et al.Characterization and immunomodulating activities of polysaccharide from Lentinus edodesInternational Immunopharmacology, 2005,5:811–820
[233] Nakai Sang Bae Han,Young Hee Kim,Chang Woo Lee, et al.Characteristic immunostimulationby angelan isolated from Angelica gigas. Immunopharmacology, 1998,40:39-48
[234]曹雪涛.白细胞介素2的基础与临床.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1990.
[235] Theze J, Alzari PM,Bertoglio J. Interleukin-2 and its receptors: recent advances and new immunololgical functions.Immunology Today, 1996, 17:481-486
[236] Kunkel S L, Remick D G. Cytokines in Health and Disease.New York: Marcel Dekker Inc. ,1992.
[237]毕爱华.医学免疫学.北京:人民军医出版社, 1995.297
[238] Hirota H,Kiyama H,Kishimoto T,et al.Accelerated nerve regeneration in mice byregulated expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-6 receptor after trauma.J.Exp.Med., 1996,183: 2627-2634
[239] Wiley J. Sons Polyfunction cytokines IL-6 and LIF. Chichester, Ciba Foundation Symposium, 1992,167
[240] Conti B,Jahna J W, Tinti C, et al. Induction of interferon-γinducing factor in the adrenal cortex. J. Biol.Chem,1997,272:2035-2037
[241] Ghayur T,Banerjee S, Hugunin M, et al. Caspase-1 processes IFN-γinducing factor andregulates LPS-induced IFN-γproduction.Nature, 1997,386: 619-623
[2]洪惠馨.水母和海蜇.生物学通报, 2002,37(2):13-16
[3]马喜平,凡守军.水母类在海洋食物网中的作用.海洋科学,1998, 2: 38-42
[4] Moller H. Scyphomedusae as predators and food competitors of larvae fish. Kiel Meeresforsch ,28: 90-100
[5]江静波,陈俊民,陈作如,等.无脊椎动物学(第二版).北京:高等教育出版社,1982. 97
[6]张明亮,秦士德.刺胞动物蜇伤.中国海洋药物,1991, 3: 35-39
[7]张锡佳,张培超,汤宪春.山东沿海海蜇、面蜇、沙蜇3种食用海蜇的区分.齐鲁渔业,2006,23(10):6-8
[8]高尚武,洪惠馨,张士美.中国动物志无脊椎动物第二十七卷,北京:科学出版社,2002, 223-224.
[9]黄芝蓉.家庭食用药物大全,北京:中国中医药出版社,2000, 366-367.
[10] Morikawa T. Jellyfish. FAO INFOFISH Digest 1:37-39
[11]王赛时.酒桌凉菜夸海蛰.四川烹饪,1993,3: 26-27
[12]中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.食物成分表.北京:人民卫生出版社,1992, 104
[13]刘希光,于华华,刘松,等.海蜇不同部位的氨基酸组成和含量分析.海洋科学,2007,31(2):9-12
[14]郭文场,张凯,土重阳.海蜇.特种经济动植物,2000, 2: 13-16
[15]杨春,苏秀榕,李泰武,等.海蜇的综合利用.河北渔业,2003, 28: 12-14
[16]姜凤吾,张玉顺.中国海洋药物辞典,北京:海洋出版社,1994. 269
[17]郑蓓.海蜇皮外治通风1例.Journal of External Therapy of TCM, 2003, 12 (4):48
[18]人珊.海蜇:医食兼优.医药与保健,1995, 5: 40
[19]邢湘臣.保健佳品海蜇.医药与保健杂志,2003, 6: 52
[20]彭才国.话说海蜇.中国检验检疫,1996, 2: 46
[21] Hsieh Y H P, Rudloe J. Potential of utilizing jellyfish as food in Western countries. Trends Food Sci. Tech., 1994, 5:225-229
[22] Hsieh Y H P, Leong F-M, Barnes K B. Inorganic constituents in fresh and processed cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus meleagris). J. Agric. Food Chem.1996, 44: 3117-3119
[23]刘希光,于华华,李学刚,等.海蜇中常量和微量元素的同时测定.海洋学报, 2006,28(2):151-155
[24]刘希光,于华华,赵增芹,等.微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定海蜇中的痕量砷和硒.光谱学与光谱分析, 2005,25(6):964-967
[25]刘希光,于华华,赵增芹,等.海蜇中微量汞的微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定.分析测试学报. 2004,23(6):101-103
[26] AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Washington D C. 1990.
[27] Huang Y. W .Cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus meleagris) as a food resource. J.Food. Sci. 1988, 53: 341-343
[28]刘希光.海蜇的化学组成和及生物活性的研究:[博士学位论文].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所.2004
[29] Hooper SN,Ackman R. G..Distribution of trans-6-hexadec enoic acid, 7-methyl-7- hexade- cenoic acid and common fatty acids in lipids of the ocean sunfish Mola mola. Lipids, 8: 509-516
[30]尹晴红,张娥华,刘邮州,等.即食海蜇的加工工艺.中国水产,2000,11:46
[31]钟漩.海蜇加工新工艺的探讨.广西水产科技,2000, 4: 30-33
[32]游克仁.碧海蜇花.知识就是力量,1999, 11: 26
[33]中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.食物成分表.北京:人民卫生出版社,1992, 222
[34]刘希光,于华华,赵增芹,等.海蜇不同部位脂肪酸的组成研究.分析化学研究简报2004, 32(12): 1635-1638
[35] Fukuda Y, Naganuma T.. Potential dietary effects on the fatty acid composition of the common iellvfish Aurelia aurita. Marine Biology, 2001,13(8):1029-1035
[36] Kattner GH, Frick SG.. Simple gas-liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of fatty acids and alcohols in wax esters of marine organisms. J.Chromatogr., 1986, 361:263-268
[37] Graeve M, Kattner G, Hagen W..Diet-induced changes in the fatty acid composition of Arctic herbivorous copepods: experimental evidence of diet markers. J Exb Mar Biol Ecol. 1994,182: 97-110
[38] White R H, Hager L P.. Occurrence of fatty acid chlorohydrins in jellyfish lipids.Biochemistry, 1977,16 (22): 4944-4948
[39]唐传核,徐建祥,彭志英.脂肪酸营养与功能的最新研究.中国油脂, 2000,25(6): 20-23
[40]秦惠基.多不饱和脂肪酸在疾病防治中的作用.广东药学院学报, 2000, 16(4): 289-291
[41] Kimura S S, Miura S, Park Y H.. Collagen as the major edible component of jellyfish (Stomolophus nomurai). J. Food Sci..1983, 48: 1758-1760
[42] Barzansky B, Lenhoff H M, Bode H.. Hydra mesoglea: similarity of its amino acid and neutral sugar composition to that of vertebrate basal lamina. Comp.Biochem. Physiol., 1975, 50B: 419-424
[43] Dubois M, Gilles K A, Hamilton J K, et al. Colorimetric method for detection of sugars and related sub stances. Analyt. Chem., 1956, 28: 350-356
[44] Bocquet J, Pujol J P, Rolland J, et al. Absence de mucopolysaccharides acides dans la mesoglee de Rhizostoma pulmo L. (Scyphomeduse). C.r. hebd. Seanc.Acad. Sci., 1972, ParisD 274: 101-103
[45] Roden L, Baker J R, Cifonelli J A, et al. Isolation and characterization of connective tissue polysaccharides. In Methods in Enzymology. Complex Carbohydrates. New York: Academic Press, 1972. Part B, Vol. 28. 73-140
[46] Gardner E.P.,Zubkoff P. L.. Monomeric constituents of the mesogleal polysaccharides of Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Scyphozoa: semaeostomeae).Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1978, 61B:161-163
[47]中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.食物成分表,北京:人民卫生出版社,1992, 182
[48]刘希光,于华华,刘松,等.海蜇不同部位的氨基酸组成和含量分析.海洋科学, 2007,31:9-11
[49] Huang Y. W.. Cannonball jellyfish, Stomolophus meleagris as a food resource. J.Food Sci., 1988, 53: 341-343
[50] Spiro R. G.. Glycoproteins. Ann. Rev. Biochem. ,1970, 23:599-638
[51] Miura S,Kimura S. Jellyfish mesogloea collagen. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1985, 260 (28): 15352-15356
[52] Nagai T, Ogawa T, Nakamura T, et al. Collagen of edible jellyfish exumbrella. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, 1999, 79: 855- 858
[53] Piez K A. Characterization of a collagen from codfish skin containing three chromatographically differentα-chains. Biochemistry, 1965, 4: 2590-2596
[54] Kimura S, Ohno Y, Miyauchi Y, et al. Fish skin type I collagen: Wide distribution of anα-3 subunit in teleosts. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1987, 88B: 27-34
[55] Hiroshi N,Kyoko T,Masahiro N.. Toxinfromthe Hawaiian box jellyfish(sea wasp) Carybdea alata. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2000, 275:589- 594
[56] Keen T. Comparison of tentacle extracts from Chiropsalmus quadrigatusand Chironex fleckeri(Jellyfish). Toxicon, 1971,9(3):249
[57] Hiroshi N,Kyoko T,Masahiro N. Toxin from the Hawaiian box jellyfish(sea wasp) Carybdea alata. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ,2000 , 275 :589 - 594
[58] Paul M. Baileya'e, Anthony J. Bakkerb, Jamie E. Seymourg, et al. A functional comparison of the venom of three Australian jellyfish-Chironex fleckeri,Chiropsalmus sp.,and Carybdea xaymacana—on cytosolic Ca2+. Toxicon, 2005,45:233–242
[59] Winter K.L., Isbister G.K., Seymour J.E., et al. An in vivo examination of the stability of venom from the Australian box jellyfish Chironex fleckeri.Toxicon, 2007,49:804–809
[60] Kelly L.Winter,Ross Fernando,Sharmaine Ramasamy, et al. The in vitro vascular effects of two chirodropid (Chironex fleckeri and Chiropsella bronzie) venoms.Toxicology Letters. 2007,168:13–20
[61] Diane Brinkman,James Burnell. Identification, cloning and sequencing of two major venom proteins from the box jellyfish(Chironex fleckeri).Toxicon, 2007,50:850–860
[62] Wanwan Lin, Lee C Y, Joseph WB. Effect on sea nettle( Chrysaora quinquesirrha)venomon isolated rat aorta.Toxicon,1998,26:1209-1212
[63] Cao C J , Eldefrawi M E, Elldefrawi A T,et al. Toxicity of sea nettle toxin to human he - patocytes and the pro-tective effects of phosphorylating and alkylating agents. Toxicon,1998,36:269-281
[64]张弈强,许实波.水母的化学和药理学研究概况.中国海洋药物,1999,18(1) :43- 48
[65] Heike Helmholz,Christiane Ruhnau,Christian Schu¨tt, et al.Comparative study on the cell toxicity and enzymatic activity of two northern scyphozoan species Cyanea capillata(L.)and Cyanea lamarckii(Pe′ron&Le′slieur).Toxicon, 2007,50:53–64
[66] Yanzhen Yang,Shujian Cun,Xiaojin Xie, et al.EST analysis of gene expression in the tentacleof Cyanea capillata.FEBS Letters, 2003,538:183-191
[67] John J.Chung,Lal A.Ratnapala, Ian M.Cooke, et al.. Partial purifyication and characterization of a hemolysin (CAHI) from Hawaiian box jellyfish (Carybdeaalata) venom. Toxicon,2001,39:981-990
[68] Werb Z, Banda M J, McCarrow J H, et al. Elastases and elastin degradation. J.Invest. Dean., 1982,79:154
[69] Lal D M, Calton G J, Neeman I, et al. Characterization of Physalia physalis (Portuguese man-o'war) nematocyst collagenase.Comp.Biochem. Physiol.,1981,70B: 635
[70] Huahua Yu, Xiguang Liu, Ronge Xing, et al.Radical scavenging activity of protein from tentacles of jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2005, 10(15): 2659-2664
[71] Huahua Yu, Cuiping Li, Ronggui Li, et al. Factors influencing hemolytic activity of venom from the jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye.Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2007, 7(45): 1173-1178
[72] Cuiping Li, Huahua Yu, Song Liu, et al. Factors affecting the protease activity of venom from jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2005, 24(15): 5370-5374
[73] Huahua Yu, Xiguang Liu, Xiangli Dong, et al.Insecticidal activity of proteinous venom from tentacle of jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2005, 22(15):4949-4952
[74] Laura G,Massimo A,Bella G. Biologically active polypeptides in the venom of the jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica. Toxicon,1997,35:637-648
[75] Neeman I, Calton G J, Bumett T W. An ultrastructural study of the cytotoxic effect of the venoms from the sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) and Potuguese man-o'war (Physalia physalis) on cultured Chinese hamster ovary K-I cells. Toxicon, 1980,18:495
[76] Takuya S, Masashi U, Yoko G, et al. Immunostimulation Effect of Jellyfish Collagen. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2006,70(9):2131-2137.
[77]安桂香.海蜇活性肽的制备及降压效果的研究:[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学, 2006
[78]吴红棉,钟敏,雷晓凌.海蜇糖胺聚糖提取、纯化及其降血脂作用研究.中国海洋药物杂志,2007,4(26):41-44
[79] Masuda A, Baba T, Dohmae N, et al. Mucin (Qniumucin), a glycoprotein from jellyfish, and determination of its main chain. Journal of Natural Products, 2007,70: 1089-1092
[80]张维杰.糖复合物生化研究技术(第二版).杭州:浙江大学出版社, 1999, 1-4
[81] Montreuil J, Vliegenthart J F G. Glycoproteins. Amsterdam:Elsevier Science Publishing : Company INC, 1995
[82]朱科学,周惠明,郭晓娜.植物来源糖蛋白的结构与功能.食品与发酵工业, 2002,28(l2): 57-61
[83]吴东儒.糖类的生物化学.北京:高等教育出版社, 1987. 687-755
[84]孙册,莫汉庆.糖蛋白与蛋白聚糖结构、功能和代谢(二).北京:科学出版社, 1988. 1-3
[85] Akiyama Y, Kato K.Structure of Hydroxyproline-arabinoside from Tobacco Cells. Agric.Bio.Chem., 1977, 41( 1 ):79-81
[86] Lis H, Sharon N, Katchalski E. Isolation of a Mannose-containing Glycopeptide from Soybean Hemagglutinin.Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1974, 83(3):376-378
[87] Murach T, Takahashi N. Evidence for glycoprotein nature of stem bromelain:isolateion of a gltcopeptide.Biochemistry, 1967, 6:3730-3736
[88] Goldstein I. J. and Hayes C. E.. The lectins: carbohydrate-binding proteins of plants and animals. Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem. 1978,35:127-340.
[89] Selvendran R R. Cell Wall Glycoproteins and Polysaccharides of Parenchyma of Phaseolus Coccineus.Phytochemistry, 1975, 14(10):2175-2180
[90]黄祥瑞,杨秀旭,吴庆丽.糖蛋白和多糖类物质分子量测定方法的比较研究.军事医学科学院院刊, 1995, 19(3): 219-221
[91]蔡耘,钱小红.生物质谱技术在糖蛋白结构分析中的应用.生物技术通讯,2002,13(5):404-407
[92] Yang Y, Orlando R. Identifying the glycosylation sites and site-specific carbohydrate hetergeneity of glycoproteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom,1996,10(8):932
[93] Takeichi T, Takeuchi J, Kaneko T, et al. Purification and Characterization of a Galactose-rich Basic Glycoprotein in Tobacco.Plant Physiol., 1998, 116(2): 477-483
[94] Mirelman D, Galum E, Sharon N, et al. Inhibition of Fungal Growth by Wheat GermAgglutinin.Nature, 1975, 256(5516):414-416
[95]朱政.脂肪细胞膜凝集素生的初步研究.中国科学B辑, 1984, 9: 81 l-817
[96] Wiflams R 3. Osmotic Properties of Glycoproteins from Hardy Dogwood Trees. Plant Physiol. 1973, 51:25
[97] Dufau M L, Charreau E H, Catt K J. Characteristics of a Soluble Gonadotropin Receptor from the RatTestis.J. Biol. Chem., 1973, 248(20):6973-6982
[98]李八方.功能食品与保健食品.青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社1997. 245-246
[99] Grundy S M, Vega G L. Two Different Views of the Relationship of Hypertriglyceridemia to Coronary Heart Disease: Implications for Treatment.Arch. Intern. Med., 1992, 152:28
[100] Stary H C. A Definition of Advanced Types of Atherosclerotic Lesions and a Histological Classification of Arteriosclerosis: a Report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association Special Report.Circulation, 1995, 92:355
[101] Mann J M, Davies M J. Vulnerable Plaque: Relation of Characteristics to Degree of Stenos is in Human Coronary Arteries.Circulations, 1996, 94:928
[102]郑建仙.功能性食品(第三卷).北京:中国轻工业出版社1999. 411
[103]金宗滚.保健食品的功能评价与开发.北京:中国轻工业出版社2000.110
[104]于秋英,刘翠俐,陈桃香,等.药菜多糖蛋白体降低小鼠血脂作用的研究.中国公共卫生学报, 1997,16 (2): 85-86
[105]黄琳娟,田庚元,王仲孚,等.枸杞子糖缀合物及其糖链对LDL氧化修饰的抑制作用药学学报, 2001, 36(2): 108-111
[106] Wang C B, Lan X Z, Zhang L P, et al. The Preventive Effect of Beta-carotene from Duraliella Saliva on Experimental Atherosclerosis in Quails.Chin. J. Mar. Drugs (in Chinese), 1998, 17(1): 7-12
[107]殷关英,中建和,陈琼华.猴头菇多糖和蛋白多糖的抗凝血和降血脂作用.生化药物杂志, 1991, 57(3): 36-39
[108]胡金风,耿美亚.硫酸多糖与动脉粥样硬化.中国药理学通报, 2001, 17(2): 127-131
[109]杨立明,陈赐民.浅谈甘薯综合开发利用.国外农学-杂粮作物,1995, (2): 44-45
[110]陈宗道,周才琼,童华荣.茶叶化学工程学.重庆:西南师范大学出版社, 1998
[111]郑建仙.功能性食品.北京:中国轻工业出版社, 1997.67-74
[112] Matsuda T, Watanabe K, Nakamura R. Immunochemical and Physical Properties of Peptic-digested Ovomucoid.J. Agric. Food Chem., 1983, 93:661
[113] Takuro K. Isolation and Characterization of a Noval lmmunomodulating Fraction from Soybeans L.Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 1993, 57(3): 367-391
[114]田庚元,王晨.枸杞子糖蛋白一条高分子量糖链的结构鉴定.生物化学与生物物理报, 1995, 27(5):493-495
[115]田庚元,王晨.枸杞子糖蛋白的分离纯化、理化性质及糖肽键特征.生物化学与生物物理学报, 1995, 27 ( 2 ) : 201-205
[116] Li X Y, Wang J F, Zhu P P, et al. Immune Enhancement of a Polysaccharides Peptides Isolated from Coriolus Versiococor.Acta Pharmacol., 1990, 11(6): 542-545
[117]黄沁.免疫药物学.上海:科学技术出版社1986.45-89
[118]上海医药工业研究院.抗变态反应药物及免疫增强剂.上海:科学技术出版社1980.
[119]国外医学参考资料.药学分册, 1977. 3: 136-138
[120]梁忠岩.人参糖蛋白的分离纯化和结构性质研究.植物学报, 1988, 30 ( 4 ): 396-399
[121]刘瑞君.榆耳多糖的分离及其性质的研究.微生物学杂志, 1999, 12(1): 17-22
[122] Beeley J G. The Isolation of Ovomucoid Variants Differing in Carbohydrate Composition. Biochem., 1971, 123:339
[123]李八方.海洋生物活性物质.青岛:中国海洋大学出版社, 2007.61
[124]张惟杰.糖复合物生化研究技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社2004.362
[125] Stumpe M., Miller C., Morton N.S., et al. High perfermance liquid chromatography determination ofα1–acid glycoprotein in small volumes of plasma from neonates.J. Chromatogr. B., 2006,831: 81-84
[126]于修烛,李志西,杜双奎.苹果籽油超声波辅助浸提及产品理化特性研究.农业工程学报, 2005, 21 (9) : 155- 159
[127]简丽,贾慧凯,庞丽纹,等.超声波辅助提取狼毒大戟中二萜类物质Jolkinolide B3.精细化工, 2007, 10(24):972-974
[128]马海乐,肖海芳,骆琳.条斑紫菜藻红蛋白的脉冲超声辅助提取.农业工程学报, 2007, 23 (1) : 207- 211
[129]马国刚,王建中,卢晓蕊.响应面分析法优化槐米芦丁超声波提取工艺的研究.食品与发酵工业, 2007,33(8):167-172
[130]张惟杰.糖复合物生化研究技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社1999,362-370
[131]张富新,陈锦屏,李林强.利用超声处理提取皱胃酶的实验研究.农业工程学报,2004,20 (3):153-156
[132]于修烛,李志西,杜双奎.苹果籽油超声波辅助浸提产品理化特性研究.农业工程学报, 2005, 21 (9) : 155- 159
[133] Iqbal T, Kinjo M, Dowling T C. Determination of Rhodamine 123 in cell lysate by HPLC with visible wavelength detection. Journal of Chromatography B, 2005, (814): 259-262. 2007, 23 (3) : 213- 218
[134]程玉祥.茶树叶糖蛋白的纯化研究:[硕士学位论文].合肥:安徽农业大学.2002
[135] Satoshi Kishino,Katsumi Miyazaki.Sparation methods for glycoprotein analysis and preparation. Journal of Chromatography B, 1997 (699):371-381
[136] Tahira Iqbal,Minori Kinjo,Thomas C.Dowling. Detrmination of Rhodamine 123 in celllysate by HPLC with visible wavelength detection.Journal of chromatography B, 2005 (814): 259-262
[137] Sun T., Xu Z.M., and Godber J.S.,. Ultrasound assisted extraction in quantifying lutein from chicken liver using high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B., 2006,830: 158-160.
[138]李良铸,李明晔.现代生化药物生产关键技术.北京:化学工业出版社2006.
[139] Alex Patist , Darren Bates. Ultrasonic innovations in the food industry: From the laboratory to commercial production.Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2008,9:147–154
[140] Kamaljit Vilkhu, Raymond Mawson, Lloyd Simons, et al. Applications and opportunities for ultrasound assisted extraction in the food industry -A review.Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2008,9 :161–169
[141]刘艳丰,林松毅,刘静波等.超声波辅助提取笃斯越桔叶片多糖的研究.食品科学,2007,28(10):290-292
[142]钟耕.绿色工艺制备生物柴油探索-废油脂酶法制备生物柴油研究:[博士学位论文].北京:中国农业科学院, 2007
[143]林杰,郑德先,高友鹤.糖蛋白质组研究进展.基础医学与临床,2007,27(2):122-124
[144]仲娜,郝林华,王小如.糖蛋白药物的研究进展.中国新药杂志,2005,14 (12):1400-1403
[145] Hurkman W J, Tanaka C. Solubilization of Plant Membrane Proteins for Analysis by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis. Plant Physiol,1986,81:802-807
[146] Margarito Martinez-Cruz, Edgar Zenteno, Felix Cordoba. Purification and characterization of a galactose-specific lectin from corn (Zea mays) coleoptyle. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2001,1568:37-44
[147] Cummings R D. Use of lectins in analysis of glycoconjugates.Methods Enzymol, 1994,230:66-86
[148] Guesdon J L, Ternynck T, Avranmeds S.The use of avidin-biotin interaction in immuneoenzymatic techniques. J Histochem Cytochem, 1987,27(8): 1131-1139
[149] Bullock D R, Petrusz P. Techniques in immunocytochemistry. London UK .Academic Press, 1985,155-178
[150]陈彦,李一琨,包森林等.白头翁糖蛋白的分离纯化及其性质.中国生化药物杂志,1997, 18(4): 180-183
[151]殷钢,刘铮,李琛等.螺旋藻糖蛋白的分离纯化及其性质研究.高等学校化学学报, 1999, 20(4): 565-568
[152]王翎.虫花菌胞外糖蛋白的分离、纯化及其性质研究.真菌学报,1996, 15(1): 48-52
[153]唐成康,高小平,徐大勇,等.山茱萸糖蛋白的纯化及部分理化性质研究. 2005, 17(2):147-149
[154] Hongwei Luan,Xin Liu,Xiaohui Qi, et al. Purificationg and characterization of a novel stable ginsenoside Rb1-hydrolyzing B-Dglucosidase from China white jade snail. Process biochemistry, 2006,41:1974-1980
[155] Kexue Zhu,Huiming Zhou.Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein from wheat germ water-soluble extracts. Process biochemistry, 2005,40:1469-1474
[156] Dubois M, Gilles K A, Hamilton J K, et al. Colorimetric method for determination of sugers and related substances. Anal Chem 1956,28: 350-356
[157] Dodgson K S, Price R G. A note on the determination of the ester sulfate content of sulfated polysaccharides. Biochem J, 1962,84:106-110
[158] Bitter T, Muir H M. A modified uronic acid carbazole reaction. Anal Chem, 1962,237: 75-80
[159]张惟杰.糖复合物生化研究技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社2004 .16
[144]仲娜,郝林华,王小如.糖蛋白药物的研究进展.中国新药杂志,2005,14 (12):1400-1403
[145] Hurkman W J, Tanaka C. Solubilization of Plant Membrane Proteins for Analysis by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis. Plant Physiol,1986,81:802-807
[146] Margarito Martinez-Cruz, Edgar Zenteno, Felix Cordoba. Purification and characterization of a galactose-specific lectin from corn (Zea mays) coleoptyle. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2001,1568:37-44
[147] Cummings R D. Use of lectins in analysis of glycoconjugates.Methods Enzymol, 1994,230:66-86
[148] Guesdon J L, Ternynck T, Avranmeds S.The use of avidin-biotin interaction in immuneoenzymatic techniques. J Histochem Cytochem, 1987,27(8): 1131-1139
[149] Bullock D R, Petrusz P. Techniques in immunocytochemistry. London UK .Academic Press, 1985,155-178
[150]陈彦,李一琨,包森林等.白头翁糖蛋白的分离纯化及其性质.中国生化药物杂志,1997, 18(4): 180-183
[151]殷钢,刘铮,李琛等.螺旋藻糖蛋白的分离纯化及其性质研究.高等学校化学学报, 1999, 20(4): 565-568
[152]王翎.虫花菌胞外糖蛋白的分离、纯化及其性质研究.真菌学报,1996, 15(1): 48-52
[153]唐成康,高小平,徐大勇,等.山茱萸糖蛋白的纯化及部分理化性质研究. 2005, 17(2):147-149
[154] Hongwei Luan,Xin Liu,Xiaohui Qi, et al. Purificationg and characterization of a novel stable ginsenoside Rb1-hydrolyzing B-Dglucosidase from China white jade snail. Process biochemistry, 2006,41:1974-1980
[155] Kexue Zhu,Huiming Zhou.Purification and characterization of a novel glycoprotein from wheat germ water-soluble extracts. Process biochemistry, 2005,40:1469-1474
[156] Dubois M, Gilles K A, Hamilton J K, et al. Colorimetric method for determination of sugers and related substances. Anal Chem 1956,28: 350-356
[157] Dodgson K S, Price R G. A note on the determination of the ester sulfate content of sulfated polysaccharides. Biochem J, 1962,84:106-110
[158] Bitter T, Muir H M. A modified uronic acid carbazole reaction. Anal Chem, 1962,237: 75-80
[159]张惟杰.糖复合物生化研究技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社2004 .16marine sponge Cliona varians: Isolation,characterization and its effects on pathogenic bacteria and Leishmania promastigotes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology(A), 2006, 45 :517–523
[175] Shriver J W, Kamath U. Diferential scanning calorimetry of unfolding of myosin subfragment 1, subfragment 2, and heavy meromyosin. Biochemistry, 1990, 29: 2556-2564
[176] Scilingo A A, et al. Calorimetric study of soybean protein isolates: effect of calcium and thermal treatments. J Agric Food Chem, 1996, 44: 3751-3756
[177] Fathima N N, Madhan B., Rao J R, et al. Interaction of aldehydes with collagen: effect on thermal, enzymatic and conformational stability. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2004, 34: 241-247
[178]王文高,陈正行,姚惠源.不同干燥方法对大米蛋白质功能性质的影响.粮食与饲料工业, 2002, 5: 44-45
[179] Martin H, Dean M. Identification of a thioredoxin-related protein associated with plasma membranes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1991, 175: 123-128
[180] Nagano T, Mori H, Nishinarik. Effect of Heating and Cooling on the gelation kinetics of 7S Globulin from Soybeans. J Agric Food Chem, 1994, 42: 1415-1420
[181] Esra Ibanoglu. Effect of hydrocolloids on the thermal denaturation of proteins. Food Chemistry, 2005,90:621-626
[182] Magdalena Michalczyk, Krzysztof Surowka. Changes in protein frations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gravads during production and storage. Food Chemistry, 2007, 104:1006-1013
[183] Wang Shujun, Liu Hongyan, Gao Wenyuan, et al. Characterization of new starches separated from different Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) cultivars.Food Chemistry, 2006,99:30-37
[184] Feng-xia Cui, Chang-hu Xue, Zhao-jie Li, et al. Characterization and subunit composition of collagen from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Food Chemistry, 2007, 100:1120-1125
[185] Komsa-Penkova R, Koynova R, Kostov G, et al. Thermal stability of calf skin collagen typemarine sponge Cliona varians: Isolation,characterization and its effects on pathogenic bacteria and Leishmania promastigotes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology(A), 2006, 45 :517–523
[175] Shriver J W, Kamath U. Diferential scanning calorimetry of unfolding of myosin subfragment 1, subfragment 2, and heavy meromyosin. Biochemistry, 1990, 29: 2556-2564
[176] Scilingo A A, et al. Calorimetric study of soybean protein isolates: effect of calcium and thermal treatments. J Agric Food Chem, 1996, 44: 3751-3756
[177] Fathima N N, Madhan B., Rao J R, et al. Interaction of aldehydes with collagen: effect on thermal, enzymatic and conformational stability. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2004, 34: 241-247
[178]王文高,陈正行,姚惠源.不同干燥方法对大米蛋白质功能性质的影响.粮食与饲料工业, 2002, 5: 44-45
[179] Martin H, Dean M. Identification of a thioredoxin-related protein associated with plasma membranes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1991, 175: 123-128
[180] Nagano T, Mori H, Nishinarik. Effect of Heating and Cooling on the gelation kinetics of 7S Globulin from Soybeans. J Agric Food Chem, 1994, 42: 1415-1420
[181] Esra Ibanoglu. Effect of hydrocolloids on the thermal denaturation of proteins. Food Chemistry, 2005,90:621-626
[182] Magdalena Michalczyk, Krzysztof Surowka. Changes in protein frations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gravads during production and storage. Food Chemistry, 2007, 104:1006-1013
[183] Wang Shujun, Liu Hongyan, Gao Wenyuan, et al. Characterization of new starches separated from different Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) cultivars.Food Chemistry, 2006,99:30-37
[184] Feng-xia Cui, Chang-hu Xue, Zhao-jie Li, et al. Characterization and subunit composition of collagen from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Food Chemistry, 2007, 100:1120-1125
[185] Komsa-Penkova R, Koynova R, Kostov G, et al. Thermal stability of calf skin collagen type136Ⅰin salt solution. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1996, 1297:171-181
[186]周乐,钱菊汾,王建辰.哺乳动物透明带糖蛋白及其生物活性生物化学与生物物理进展.1996,23(3): 233-236
[187] Shaoping Nie, Mingyong Xie, Zhihong Fu, Yiqun Wan, Aiping Yan, Study on the purification and chemical compositions of tea glycoprotein. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2008, 71(4): 626-633
[188]张惟杰.糖复合物生化研究技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社2004.192
[189] Verónica M. Mendoza, Rosalì′a Agusti, Carola Gallo-Rodriguez,et al..Synthesis of the O-linked pentasaccharide in glycoproteins of Trypanosoma cruzi and selective sialylation by recombinant trans-sialidase. Carbohydrate Research 2006,341: 1488–1497
[190] Klaus Bollig, Marc Lamsho¨ft, Kristian Schweimer, et al.Structural analysis of linear hydroxyproline-bound O-glycans of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii—conservation of the inner core in Chlamydomonas and land plants. Carbohydrate Research, 2007,342 : 2557–2566
[191]钟耀广.功能性食品.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[192] Yasser F.M. Kishk, HananM.A.Al-Sayed. Free-radical scavenging and antioxidative activities of some polysaccharides in emulsions. LWT, 2007, 40: 270-277
[193]凌关庭.抗氧化食品与健康.北京:化学工业出版社, 2004.
[194] Zhao Y, Son YO, Kim SS, et al.Antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activity of polysaccharide isolated from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl.J Biochem Mol Biol,2007,40(5):670-677
[195] Jae-Young,Zhong-Ji Qian,Hee-Guk Byun,et al.purification and characteriztion of an antioxidant peptide obtained from tuna backbone protein by enzymatic hydrolysis.Process biochemistry, 2007,42:840-846
[196] Mahfuz Elmastas, Omer Isidak, Ibrahim Turkekul, et al.Determination of antioxidant activity and antioxidant compounds in wild edible mushrooms. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2007,20:337-345
[197] Lin Lin, Li Ba-fang. Radical scavenging properties of protein hydrolysates fromJumbo flying squid (Dosidicus eschrichitii Steen skin gelatin.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,
[198] Sei-Jung Lee,Jeong-Hyeon Ko,Kwang Lim,et al.150 kDa glycoprotein isolated from7(12) :67-70
[211] M.Y.K. Leung, K.P. Fung, Y.M. Choy. The isolation and characterization of an immunomodulatory and anti-tumor polysaccharide preparation from Flammulina velutipes.Immunopharmacology, 1997, 35: 255-263
[212] C.Y. Ho, T.W.C. Lo, K.N. Leung, et al. The immunostimulating activities of anti-tumor polysaccharide from K1 capsular polysaccharide antigen isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Immunopharmacology, 2000, 46: 1-13
[213] P. Thejass, G. Kuttan.Immunomodulatory activity of Sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate from broccoli (Brassica oleracea).Phytomedicine, 2007, 14:538–545
[214]徐叔云,卞如濂,陈修.药理实验方法学.北京:人民卫生出版社.
[215] Mohammad Fararjeh,Mohammad K. Mohammad,Yasser Bustanji, et al.Evaluation of immunosuppression induced by metronidazole in Balb/c mice and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. International Immunopharmacology,2008,8:341–350
[216]于善谦,王洪海,朱乃硕,等.免疫学导论.北京:高等教育出版社&施普林格出版社(第一版),1997.30-50
[217]朱立平,陈学清.免疫学常用实验方法.北京:人民军医出版社(第一版),2000.
[218]孙卫民,王惠琴.细胞因子研究方法学.北京:人民卫生出版社(第一版),1999.
[219] Salivary gland extracts of Culicoides sonorensis inhibit murine lymphocyte proliferation and no production by macrophages.Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006,75(3):532-536
[220] Ebringerova A, Kardosova A, Hromadkova Z, et al. Mitogenic and comitogemc activities of polysaccharides from some European herbaceous plants. Fitoterapia, 2003,74: 52-61
[221] Chenxiao Zhang,Kaixun Huang. Characteristic immunostimulation by MAP, a polysacchari–de isolated from the mucus of the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus,Carbohydrate Polymers, 2005, 59(1): 75-82
[222] Zhong Xi, Yi Jie,He Xue Bao. Immunomodulatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharide in diabetic mice. 2008 ,6(2):166-70
[223] Immunomodulatory activity of acidic polysaccharides isolated from Tanacetum vulgare L.Int Immunopharmacol. 2007, 15,7(13):1639-1650
[224]程宝鸳.动物细胞培养技术.广州:华南理工大学出版社, 2001.
[225]鄂征.组织培养技术.北京:人民卫生出版社(第一版), 1982
[226]薛庆善.体外培养的原理和技术.北京:科学出版社(第一版), 2001
[227] Trizio D, Cudkowicz G. Separation of T and B lymphocytes by nylon wool columns: evaluation of efficiency by functional assays in vivo. J. Immunol.,1974,113(4):1093-1097
[228] Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival:application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of Immunological Methods, 1983, 65: 55-63
[229] Dieffenbach Carl W, Dveksler Gabriela S.PCR技术实验指南,(俞炜源,陈添弥,黄培堂译).北京:科学出版社,1998.
[230] Han SB, Kim Y H, Lee C W, et al. Characteristic immunostimulation by angelan isolated from Angelica gigas Nakai. Immunopharmacology,1998,40:39-48
[231]孙卫民,王惠琴.细胞因子研究方法学.北京:人民卫生出版社(第一版),1999.
[232] Ruan Zheng, Su Jie, Dai Hanchuan, et al.Characterization and immunomodulating activities of polysaccharide from Lentinus edodesInternational Immunopharmacology, 2005,5:811–820
[233] Nakai Sang Bae Han,Young Hee Kim,Chang Woo Lee, et al.Characteristic immunostimulationby angelan isolated from Angelica gigas. Immunopharmacology, 1998,40:39-48
[234]曹雪涛.白细胞介素2的基础与临床.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1990.
[235] Theze J, Alzari PM,Bertoglio J. Interleukin-2 and its receptors: recent advances and new immunololgical functions.Immunology Today, 1996, 17:481-486
[236] Kunkel S L, Remick D G. Cytokines in Health and Disease.New York: Marcel Dekker Inc. ,1992.
[237]毕爱华.医学免疫学.北京:人民军医出版社, 1995.297
[238] Hirota H,Kiyama H,Kishimoto T,et al.Accelerated nerve regeneration in mice byregulated expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-6 receptor after trauma.J.Exp.Med., 1996,183: 2627-2634
[239] Wiley J. Sons Polyfunction cytokines IL-6 and LIF. Chichester, Ciba Foundation Symposium, 1992,167
[240] Conti B,Jahna J W, Tinti C, et al. Induction of interferon-γinducing factor in the adrenal cortex. J. Biol.Chem,1997,272:2035-2037
[241] Ghayur T,Banerjee S, Hugunin M, et al. Caspase-1 processes IFN-γinducing factor andregulates LPS-induced IFN-γproduction.Nature, 1997,386: 619-623
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |