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周仲瑛教授治疗支气管肺癌学术经验研究
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摘要
论文是在系统整理和总结导师周仲瑛教授数十年研究诊治支气管肺癌学术思想和临证经验的基础上,以“癌毒”为主线,着重从中医学角度研究了支气管肺癌的发病原因、病理演变、辨证及其治疗规律。
     论文的绪论部分,介绍了肺癌的发病情况、诊断及治疗现状,并阐发了中医药治疗肺癌的作用机理,概述了导师周仲瑛教授从“癌毒”论治肺癌的主要学术思想及临证经验。
    论文第一部分,在分析回顾古代文献中有关肺癌诊治的理法方药基础上,结合现代影像学、解剖学、病理学研究成果,指出肺癌是发生于肺部的症积,可将其定名为“肺部症积”,简称“肺积”。具体定义可表述为:“肺积是由癌毒侵袭于肺而发生于肺部的症积,随癌肿大小及阻滞部位等的差异,可表现出咳嗽、咯痰、气喘、胸痛、发热、咯血、消瘦、疲劳等症状,多预后不良”。
     论文第二部分,论述了毒与癌毒的含义,认为癌毒既可直接外客,亦可由情志失调、饮食不当和脏腑虚亏而内生。癌毒致病具有增生性、浸润性、流注性、难治性、顽固性、易于恶化、化热生火、损伤血络等特点。
     论文第三部分,系统地研究和阐述了肺癌的病因病机和病理演变规律。指出烟毒袭肺、邪毒侵肺、七情伤肺、正气亏虚,均可导致癌毒阻肺,癌毒阻肺是肺癌的发病关键。认为肺癌癌毒具有致病乖戾、正气难敌、病情恶化迅速,易伤正气、累及五脏、终损气血阴阳,常规辨治、难以奏效,病情顽固、容易复发,肺癌癌毒容易流窜走注、预后不良等特性。癌毒阻肺可进一步引发痰浊、血瘀、热郁、气虚、阴伤等病理演变,导致多种不同临床证候。因此,癌毒阻肺为致病之根,癌毒伤正为病变之源,癌毒走注为传变之因。
     论文第四部分,提出肺癌辨证要点。首先要注意辨癌毒、痰浊、瘀血、郁热、气虚、阴虚等不同病理因素;其次要注意辨病位,肺癌病位主要在肺,但亦不止在肺,可影响及心、肝、脾、肾诸脏;再次要注意辨病理性质,肺癌病理性质以虚实夹杂为特点,但虚实夹杂中又有一定差异,要注意识别虚多实少,或实多虚少,或虚实互见等;最后要注意对预后的辨识。
    论文第五部分,通过对总结导师诊治本病的临证经验,结合具体病案,对肺癌的治则治法进行了系统、深入的研究和探讨。认为癌毒深藏,非攻不可,强调治疗肺癌要重视软坚散结、化痰祛浊、活血化瘀、清热解毒、以毒攻毒五大攻邪法的运用。对于有正伤的,又要注意益气、养阴等扶正法的应用,肺癌
    
    病证热多寒少,故要慎用温补;肺癌早中晚三期,病证表现各有特点,故治各有异。早期正盛邪轻,宜速攻祛邪。中期邪盛正伤,宜攻补兼施。晚期正虚邪盛,宜补不忘攻;肺癌虚体受感时当解表为先,化疗伤正时当调养脾胃,放疗期间当养阴解毒,疼痛严重时当先止痛,急则治标;最后强调肺癌治疗,要遵守审证求机、辨证施治的原则,咳嗽为主症时,宜宣肃肺气,止咳化痰。咯血为主症时,宜凉血止血,降气泻火。胸痛为主症时,宜行气散结,活血止痛。气喘为主症时,宜降气化痰,纳肾平喘。发热为主症时,宜滋阴清热,解毒护津。虚证明显时,宜益气养阴,扶正延年。发生胸腔积液时,又宜行气活血,利水消饮。发生声音嘶哑时,当滋养肺肾,濡润咽喉。肺癌发生脑转移时,要熄风化痰,祛瘀通络。发生肝转移时,要清热利湿,化瘀退黄。发生上腔静脉综合症时,要活血消肿,消癌散结。
     全文以中医药理论为指导,突出中医学整体观念和辨证论治特色,以“癌毒”为主线,临床观察病例为佐证,系统总结了导师的学术思想和临证经验,归纳了肺癌的辨证论治规律,为中医诊治肺癌提供了理论依据、实践方法。
In this article, the write presents Chinese medicine etiology, pathology, syndrome differentiation and treatment rules of bronchopulmonary carcinoma by studying cancerous toxin on the basis of his teacher, professor Zhou Zhongying's academic idea and dozens of years' clinical experience in treating bronchopulmonary carcinoma.
    In the introduction, the author presents the occurrence, diagnosis and current treatment of pulmonary carcinoma. At the same time, Chinese medicine treatment mechanism and professor Zhou Zhongying's academic idea and clinical experience are recommended.
    In the first section, the author presents a research result obtained by analyzing the theory, principle, prescription and drug treatment to pulmonary carcinoma recorded in ancient medical classics as well as research reports of modern video examination, anatomy and pathology. Based on this, the author further points out that pulmonary carcinoma refers to a set of symptoms of the lung. It can be named as pulmonary symptomatic accumulation and abbreviated as pulmonary accumulation. It is caused by cancerous toxin invading the lung and its symptoms differ from the size and location of carcinoma, generally including cough, sputum, asthmatic breathing, chest pain, fever, hemoptysis, emaciation, fatigue, etc. The prognosis is usually poor.
    In the second section, the author explains the meanings of toxin and cancerous toxin. The later may result from the external invasion and internal injury due to emotional disturbance, improper diet and deficiency of Zangfu organs. The cancerous toxin is characterized by proliferation, infiltration and metastasis. It tends to produce heat and fire, injury blood vessels and cause exacerbation. It is intractable and difficult to treat.
    In the third section, the author provides a systemic statement on the etiology, pathology and pathological evolution rules and advances that
    
    cigarette toxin, external pathogenic toxin, emotional disturbance and deficiency of body resistance can all generate cancerous toxin and cause obstruction of the lung. Therefore he concludes that cancerous toxin is the key causative factor for the occurrence of pulmonary carcinoma. Pulmonary cancerous toxin usually causes odd symptoms and rapid exacerbation beyond the body resistance. Moreover, it may damage the body resistance and spread over other Zangfu organs, leading to consumption of Qi, blood, Yin and Yang. The disease caused by this toxin is intractable and recurrent. Routine treatment often finds no effective result and the prognosis is poor. Obstruction of the lung by cancerous toxin can progressively trigger other pathological changes, such as forming phlegm turbidity, blood stasis, stagnation of heat, leading to Qi deficiency, consumption of Yin, etc. exhibiting various kinds of clinical manifestations. Obstruction of the lung by cancerous toxin is the essential cause of pulmonary carcinoma, injury of the body resistance by cancerous toxin is the source of exacerbation and spreading property of cancerous toxin is the cause of cancer metastasis.
    In the fourth section, the author puts forwards the differentiating points. The first is to ascertain various kinds of pathogenic factors, cancerous toxin, phlegm turbidity, blood stasis, stagnated heat, Qi deficiency, Yin deficiency, etc. The second is to identify the disease location. For the pulmonary carcinoma, the lung is the main organ invaded, but the heart, liver, spleen and kidney may also be involved. The third is to differentiate pathological property. Pulmonary carcinoma is characterized by a deficiency-excess complex. But it is necessary to find out whether deficiency symptoms and signs are more severe and pronounced than excess ones, or vice versa, or the two with equal severity. The last is to predict the prognosis.
    In the fifth section, the author presents the treatment principles and therapies of pulmonary carcinoma, namely the author's research result from the research into his teacher's clinical experience and analysis of clinical cases. It is conside
引文
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