频率域激发极化斩波去耦关键技术与理论研究
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摘要
电磁耦合效应在频率域激发极化测量中是一种很强的干扰因素，尤其是在低电阻率覆盖区以及大极距测量时，影响了探测深度、勘探精度，阻碍了激电法的推广应用。时至今日，电磁耦合效应的压制和消除仍然是频率域激电测量中的一个世界性研究课题。
本文从物理学基本原理出发阐述电磁耦合效应产生机理，分析影响电磁耦合效应强弱的因素，对激发极化测量中的电磁耦合效应产生机理及其抑制对策进行了较系统的研究，认为可以减小、消除电磁耦合效应对激发极化测量影响的途径有四个方面：1软件校正；2工作装置的选择和布设；3电磁屏蔽；4斩波去耦法。国内外学者对软件校正的方法著述较多，该方法一般基于某种地电模型的电磁耦合效应的影响进行改正，难以适应电磁耦合较强和复杂的地电场工作环境：工作装置的选择和布设可以减小电磁耦合效应的影响，但是往往需要增加工作量，效果也很有限。
本文针对可以减小、消除电磁耦合效应对激发极化测量影响途径的后三种情况，阐述了野外工作装置的选择和布置在减小电磁耦合效应方面的作用和不足；设计了一种低噪声屏蔽自举前置放大器，在提高仪器抗干扰能力的同时，部分地消除电磁耦合效应对激电测量的影响；重点论述”斩波去耦”方法在抑制、消除激发极化测量中存在的电磁耦合干扰方面的工作原理、斩波参数选择、同步方法的选择和实现。
本文以双频信号的斩波去耦为例进行了理论分析，阐明斩波去耦方法对电磁耦合效应、激电效应的影响，并对斩波宽度及其影响进行了理论计算，说明了采用斩波方法消除激发极化测量中存在的电磁耦合效应的可行性。
首次设计并实现了采用GPS同步的地电场精密同步斩波观测系统，该系统不仅具有高精度、高可靠性能，而且成本较低，携带、操作方便，设计巧妙，是一种既能满足本文高精度同步要求，又能很好适应野外工作环境的理想同步方法。
仪器发送机所需双频驱动信号以及接收机所需同步斩波信号均由可编程器件实现，由此产生的波形十分理想，同时采用新型系统级单片机对可编程器件及外围电路进行管理，人机界面友好，仪器工作稳定可靠，操作十分简便，功能上也便于扩展升级。
本文围绕精密同步斩波及双频激电仪微弱信号检测等问题，创新设计了一些可行电路，除了低噪声抗耦前置放大器之外，低压差限流稳压电源的研究用于提高仪器电源的转换效率，提高仪器电源的可靠性、安全性，减小电源噪声；检测双频激电仪性能的RC激电模拟网络为仪器性能的测试、斩波效果的验证带来方便，为本文的实验工作节省很多人力、物力和时间。
本文实现的地电场精密同步斩波观测系统以同一星钟作为时钟参考，双频接收机、发送机各自独立同步，不需要人工干预，就能快速实现高精度同步，使用十分方便。由于采用恒温晶体守时，这样既使在长时间(如30分钟)丢失GPS信号的情况下，也能确保同步精度符合要求，同步可靠性很高。接收机的斩波脉冲非常稳定，斩波噪声非常小，在野外测量的同时就实现对激发极化测量中电磁耦合的斩波去耦，不需要额外增加野外工作量。该方法与国内外普遍采用的数据改正、软件校正进行去耦的方法相比，具有高效、方便、适用范围更加广泛等优点，具有重要的实际应用意义。
Electromagnetic (EM) effect is a strong interference in frequencydomain induced polarization (IP) survey, especially in the districtscovered with earth in lower resistivity and the electrodes configuration ingreat distance. It influences the depth of exploration, survey accuracy,and it is a great encumbrance to apply the IP method. Nowadays, tosuppress and remove the EM effect has become an important researchproject in frequency domain IP method in the world.
This dissertation expounds the principle of EM effect proceedingfrom physics fundament. Systemic study is done on the factors of EMeffect and methods to suppress it. The author consider that there are fourmethods to suppress the EM effect in frequency domain IP survey: 1.Emendate by software; 2. Applicable configuration; 3. Electromagneticshielding; 4. Chop-wave decoupling method. A lot of researches havebeen done by scholars both in and abroad on the 1st method. Commonlyspeaking, correcting based on EM effect of simple models is verydifficult to adapt the complex geo-electric fields. Good configuration cansuppress EM effect, but the efficiency is very limited.
In allution to the latter 3 methods, the dissertation expounds thedefection of good collocation of electrodes configuration, and designed alow noise pre-amplifier with cable shield driver, with which can enhanceanti-jamming capability, partially suppress the EM effect in frequencydomain IP survey, especially expounds the principle for chop-wave inhow to suppress and remove the EM in IP survey, and parametersselection of chop-wave, choice and realize the synchronize methods.
The author proved the chop-wave decoupling method in dual-freq.waveform, calculated the relative chop-width of the waveform and its EMeffect during frequency domain IP survey.
The author lays out a plan to synchronize the transmitter andreceiver of DFIP instruments with the use of GPS receiver at the firsttime. GPS synchronization has many advantages not only high precision,high reliability, low cost, but also easy operation, easy to take and with art design. It is a perfect synchronization method with high precision as wellas suit for fieldwork.
Signal for driver of transmitter and synchronizing chop-wavewaveform of receiver are realized by the use of field programmable gatearray (FPGA) devices. In the meantime, manage peripheral cells anddevice of FPGA by the use of system level chip of MCU. It has a verygood man-machine interface, credibility, operability and easy to upgrade.
The author studied on several questions such as chop-wave withprecise synchronization and small signal detection, etc. and designed outsome feasible circuits. Except for the low noise pre-amplifier withfunction of suppress EM coupling, ultra-low drop out voltage regulatorwith current-limiting results lower noise, high conversion efficiency, highreliability and security. To simulate IP effect by the use of RC-network,we can make the test quickly and validate the chopping-wave decouplingdevice easily. It has economized a lot of manpower, material resourcesand money.
The geo-electric survey system with precise synchronizing ofchop-wave used the satellite clock as the reference at the first time.Transmitter and receiver of DFIP instruments have self-synchronizingfunction, quick acquisition of GPS-time auto synchronously. It has highprecise synchronization even if lost GPS signal for more than 30 minuteswith the use of keeping-time clock of OCXO. The synchronizegeo-electric survey system results very high precision of synchronization,high stability and ultra-low noise in chop-wave. It decouples the EMeffect during the IP effect measurement, no need any extra field work andindoor calculation. Compared with the EM decoupling methods such asdata and software correcting methods, this method has many advantages:high efficiency, convenience and applied widely, which results a veryuseful application.
本文从物理学基本原理出发阐述电磁耦合效应产生机理，分析影响电磁耦合效应强弱的因素，对激发极化测量中的电磁耦合效应产生机理及其抑制对策进行了较系统的研究，认为可以减小、消除电磁耦合效应对激发极化测量影响的途径有四个方面：1软件校正；2工作装置的选择和布设；3电磁屏蔽；4斩波去耦法。国内外学者对软件校正的方法著述较多，该方法一般基于某种地电模型的电磁耦合效应的影响进行改正，难以适应电磁耦合较强和复杂的地电场工作环境：工作装置的选择和布设可以减小电磁耦合效应的影响，但是往往需要增加工作量，效果也很有限。
本文针对可以减小、消除电磁耦合效应对激发极化测量影响途径的后三种情况，阐述了野外工作装置的选择和布置在减小电磁耦合效应方面的作用和不足；设计了一种低噪声屏蔽自举前置放大器，在提高仪器抗干扰能力的同时，部分地消除电磁耦合效应对激电测量的影响；重点论述”斩波去耦”方法在抑制、消除激发极化测量中存在的电磁耦合干扰方面的工作原理、斩波参数选择、同步方法的选择和实现。
本文以双频信号的斩波去耦为例进行了理论分析，阐明斩波去耦方法对电磁耦合效应、激电效应的影响，并对斩波宽度及其影响进行了理论计算，说明了采用斩波方法消除激发极化测量中存在的电磁耦合效应的可行性。
首次设计并实现了采用GPS同步的地电场精密同步斩波观测系统，该系统不仅具有高精度、高可靠性能，而且成本较低，携带、操作方便，设计巧妙，是一种既能满足本文高精度同步要求，又能很好适应野外工作环境的理想同步方法。
仪器发送机所需双频驱动信号以及接收机所需同步斩波信号均由可编程器件实现，由此产生的波形十分理想，同时采用新型系统级单片机对可编程器件及外围电路进行管理，人机界面友好，仪器工作稳定可靠，操作十分简便，功能上也便于扩展升级。
本文围绕精密同步斩波及双频激电仪微弱信号检测等问题，创新设计了一些可行电路，除了低噪声抗耦前置放大器之外，低压差限流稳压电源的研究用于提高仪器电源的转换效率，提高仪器电源的可靠性、安全性，减小电源噪声；检测双频激电仪性能的RC激电模拟网络为仪器性能的测试、斩波效果的验证带来方便，为本文的实验工作节省很多人力、物力和时间。
本文实现的地电场精密同步斩波观测系统以同一星钟作为时钟参考，双频接收机、发送机各自独立同步，不需要人工干预，就能快速实现高精度同步，使用十分方便。由于采用恒温晶体守时，这样既使在长时间(如30分钟)丢失GPS信号的情况下，也能确保同步精度符合要求，同步可靠性很高。接收机的斩波脉冲非常稳定，斩波噪声非常小，在野外测量的同时就实现对激发极化测量中电磁耦合的斩波去耦，不需要额外增加野外工作量。该方法与国内外普遍采用的数据改正、软件校正进行去耦的方法相比，具有高效、方便、适用范围更加广泛等优点，具有重要的实际应用意义。
Electromagnetic (EM) effect is a strong interference in frequencydomain induced polarization (IP) survey, especially in the districtscovered with earth in lower resistivity and the electrodes configuration ingreat distance. It influences the depth of exploration, survey accuracy,and it is a great encumbrance to apply the IP method. Nowadays, tosuppress and remove the EM effect has become an important researchproject in frequency domain IP method in the world.
This dissertation expounds the principle of EM effect proceedingfrom physics fundament. Systemic study is done on the factors of EMeffect and methods to suppress it. The author consider that there are fourmethods to suppress the EM effect in frequency domain IP survey: 1.Emendate by software; 2. Applicable configuration; 3. Electromagneticshielding; 4. Chop-wave decoupling method. A lot of researches havebeen done by scholars both in and abroad on the 1st method. Commonlyspeaking, correcting based on EM effect of simple models is verydifficult to adapt the complex geo-electric fields. Good configuration cansuppress EM effect, but the efficiency is very limited.
In allution to the latter 3 methods, the dissertation expounds thedefection of good collocation of electrodes configuration, and designed alow noise pre-amplifier with cable shield driver, with which can enhanceanti-jamming capability, partially suppress the EM effect in frequencydomain IP survey, especially expounds the principle for chop-wave inhow to suppress and remove the EM in IP survey, and parametersselection of chop-wave, choice and realize the synchronize methods.
The author proved the chop-wave decoupling method in dual-freq.waveform, calculated the relative chop-width of the waveform and its EMeffect during frequency domain IP survey.
The author lays out a plan to synchronize the transmitter andreceiver of DFIP instruments with the use of GPS receiver at the firsttime. GPS synchronization has many advantages not only high precision,high reliability, low cost, but also easy operation, easy to take and with art design. It is a perfect synchronization method with high precision as wellas suit for fieldwork.
Signal for driver of transmitter and synchronizing chop-wavewaveform of receiver are realized by the use of field programmable gatearray (FPGA) devices. In the meantime, manage peripheral cells anddevice of FPGA by the use of system level chip of MCU. It has a verygood man-machine interface, credibility, operability and easy to upgrade.
The author studied on several questions such as chop-wave withprecise synchronization and small signal detection, etc. and designed outsome feasible circuits. Except for the low noise pre-amplifier withfunction of suppress EM coupling, ultra-low drop out voltage regulatorwith current-limiting results lower noise, high conversion efficiency, highreliability and security. To simulate IP effect by the use of RC-network,we can make the test quickly and validate the chopping-wave decouplingdevice easily. It has economized a lot of manpower, material resourcesand money.
The geo-electric survey system with precise synchronizing ofchop-wave used the satellite clock as the reference at the first time.Transmitter and receiver of DFIP instruments have self-synchronizingfunction, quick acquisition of GPS-time auto synchronously. It has highprecise synchronization even if lost GPS signal for more than 30 minuteswith the use of keeping-time clock of OCXO. The synchronizegeo-electric survey system results very high precision of synchronization,high stability and ultra-low noise in chop-wave. It decouples the EMeffect during the IP effect measurement, no need any extra field work andindoor calculation. Compared with the EM decoupling methods such asdata and software correcting methods, this method has many advantages:high efficiency, convenience and applied widely, which results a veryuseful application.
引文
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