CSAMT与IP联合探测分布式接收系统关键技术研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的飞速发展，矿产资源的消耗大量增加，许多浅层矿已被开采殆尽，成为危机矿山，因此迫切需要勘探开发深部矿产资源。电法勘探是矿产资源勘查的有效手段之一，但由于深部目标体响应信号微弱，测量环境噪声严重等特殊情况，给电法勘探技术和仪器提出了巨大挑战。 CSAMT （Controlled Source Audio-frequencyMagnetotelluric，可控源音频大地电磁法）是一种人工源频率域电磁测深方法，具有勘探深度范围大、测量效率高等优点，在金属矿、油气、地热资源勘查等领域应用广泛，但存在随深度增加分辨率降低的缺点。IP（Induced Polarization，激发极化法）以不同岩、矿石激电效应的差异为物质基础，通过观测人工建立的激电场的分布规律来探查地下介质情况，是勘查各类金属矿产的主要方法，但IP采用几何测深，存在探测深度有限的不足。本文提出了CSAMT与IP联合探测方法，通过IP测量，不但能得到有效反映矿体的激发极化参数，同时获得的极化电阻率可对CSAMT高频段视电阻率进行约束，从而提高CSAMT深部电性结构探测的分辨率。根据CSAMT和IP的观测方式及被测电磁信号的特点，研制了实现两种方法多点同步快速测量的分布式接收系统。本文的研究是在国家自然科学基金科学仪器基础研究专款项目《大深度（500-1500米）分布式电磁探测关键技术与仪器研究》的资助下完成的。
本文首先研究了CSAMT与IP联合探测技术，解决了CSAMT频率测深和IP几何测深数据的归一化问题，给出了高效联合探测的野外观测方式。接着仔细研究了分布式接收系统中的关键技术。通过研究电磁信号模拟调理技术、24位高分辨数据采集技术和数字滤波抽取技术实现了宽频带大动态范围信号的有效检测。采用GPS和恒温晶振结合的方法产生高精度同步时钟，设计了CSAMT循环收发同步协议，实现了多频点扫描测量。针对接收系统采集通道和磁场传感器的标定，提出了基于多频伪随机信号相关迭代检测的频域标定方法，有效抑制标定过程中环境噪声的影响，提高了标定的效率和精度。对于有用信号频带内模拟电路难以抑制的几种干扰噪声，分别给出了数字滤波和数字平均的消除方法，从而提高参数提取结果的准确性。最后，通过分布式接收系统与国内外同类仪器的水槽模型和野外勘探对比实验，验证了仪器单一方法测量结果的准确性。在辽宁大台沟铁矿和吉林红旗岭镍矿进行了CSAMT与IP联合探测实验，获得了与已知地质和钻孔资料吻合的探测结果，体现了CSAMT与IP联合探测方法和仪器应用于深部矿产资源勘探的可行性和有效性。
Mineral resources are fundamental materials of society development in the world. Alarge number of mineral resources were consumed with the rapid development of China'seconomy. Many shallow ores have been mined and exhausted, for this reason that more andmore raw material depended on external resources, such as petroleum, iron ore, and so on.The national economic security is increasingly affected. The metallogenic theory andinternational prospecting experiences show that there is great potential for discovery of deepunknown ore in China. Electrical prospecting is one of the effective means for mineralresources exploration. Because of weak electromagnetic response signal of deep target andserious environmental noise, there are many problems for using existing electrical prospectingtechnology, such as the weak anti-interference ability, low measurement efficiency, poorinterpretation results credibility. The application affects of electrical method have beenrestricted in the deep mineral resources exploration.
For the deficiencies of the existing electrical prospecting technology and equipment inthe deep mineral resources exploration, tracking the latest trends of the foreign instrument,combined CSAMT (Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric) and IP (InducedPolarization) prospecting method is proposed in this paper. Artificial source methods improvethe anti-interference capability in the measurement environment of mining area. Thecombined prospecting method takes advantage of large exploration depth of CSAMT andaccurate shallow exploration results of IP. The measurement results of IP not only provideinduced polarization parameter of ore deposit, but also constraint high frequency bandresistivity of CSAMT using polarization resistivity of IP obtained at the same time, Thus theresolution of deep electric structure for CSAMT prospecting is improved effectively.Combined CSAMT and IP prospecting technology was studied in this paper. Datanormalization method for combined CSAMT and IP prospecting is proposed and fieldobservation for high efficiency combined prospecting was designed. Through the in-depthstudy of the key technologies of wideband large dynamic range signal detection, transceivingsynchronization, calibration in frequency domain, and so on, a distributed simultaneousmulti-site receiving system was developed which meet the requirements for combinedCSAMT and IP prospecting. This study was funded by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of scientific instrument special program” Research on key technology andinstrument for large depth (500-1500m) distributed electromagnetic exploration”. This paper made a breakthrough and innovative in the following four aspects:
1. Data normalization method for combined CSAMT and IP prospecting was proposed.According to the unity of CSAMT and IP results reflecting underground electrical structure atdifferent depth, the conversion formula between CSAMT frequency and IP polar distance isgiven. By establishing the relationship between polarization resistivity and DC resistivity andinterpolation processing for conversion frequency points, Data normalization problem forcombined prospecting is solved at the same depth using the two methods. Weighted averageCSAMT and IP data combined method is proposed to achieve CSAMT data constrained by IPdata and improve the resolution of CSAMT method for deep electrical structure.
2. The cycle transceiving synchronization technology for CSAMT multi-frequencymeasurement base on GPS and oven controlled crystal oscillator was proposed. CSAMTinstrument is faced with the demands of remote，broad band and multi-frequency transceivingsynchronization to realize phase measurement. The period that pulse per second of GPScalibrates the output of oven controlled crystal oscillator’s divider periodically was shortenedby selecting small denominator frequency value, then, a signal with minor cumulative errorwas generated to be used as the synchronous clock. The synchronization protocol thatcoordinated universal time (UTC) was assigned cyclically achieve sweeping measurementand improve the multi-frequency measurement efficiency.
3. The frequency domain calibration method for distributed receiving system base onmulti-frequency pseudo-random signal iterative correlation detection was put forward.According to single signal frequency for sine wave, uneven frequency distribution inlogarithmic coordinate and serious harmonic amplitude attenuation for square wave, themulti-frequency pseudo-random calibration signal has several main frequency points withlogarithmic interval distribution and equal amplitude approximately to improve the efficiencyof the calibration. Multiple correlation iterative algorithm is used to detect multi-frequencyoutput signal to inhibit the effects of environmental noise and improved the accuracy of thecalibration.
4. The distributed receiving system was developed which meet the requirements forcombined CSAMT and IP prospecting. Signal detection system with frequency band0.05Hz~10kHz, short circuit noise lower than1μV, dynamic range130dB is realized bysolving several key techniques, including electromagnetic signal conditioning, the24high-resolution data acquisition, digital filtering and decimation. Based on multi-sitedsimultaneous measurement of distributed receiving system and similar observation mode fortwo methods, The scalar CSAET, the IP sounding of three poles and intermediate gradientprofile measurement was designed to achieve high efficiency combined prospecting in thesmallest changes for the device.
The field contrast and combined prospecting experiments were carried out fordistributed receiving system. The consistency of the exploration results is very good with similar foreign instrument and the accuracy of system for single method was proved. Thedistributed receiving system has obvious advantages in measuring efficiency, pressingvarying interference, improving the credibility explained by single method because of multi-site synchronous acquisition. The combined CSAMT and IP prospecting experiments werecompleted for Dataigou iron deposit, in Liaoning Province and Hongqiling nickel deposit, inJilin Province. Compared with the single CSAMT result, the combined exploration results ismore consistent with the known geological and drilling material. Therefore it is proved to befeasible and effective that combined CSAMT and IP prospecting method and instruments isapplied in the deep mineral resources exploration. The proposed combined prospectingmethod provides ideas for the combined application and interpretation of other methods. Theweak signal detection, synchronization acquisition and instrument calibration and othercommon technologies in distributed receiving system provides references for the developmentof other electrical prospecting instrument, also lays the foundation technology for thedevelopment of the three-dimensional electrical prospecting system.
本文首先研究了CSAMT与IP联合探测技术，解决了CSAMT频率测深和IP几何测深数据的归一化问题，给出了高效联合探测的野外观测方式。接着仔细研究了分布式接收系统中的关键技术。通过研究电磁信号模拟调理技术、24位高分辨数据采集技术和数字滤波抽取技术实现了宽频带大动态范围信号的有效检测。采用GPS和恒温晶振结合的方法产生高精度同步时钟，设计了CSAMT循环收发同步协议，实现了多频点扫描测量。针对接收系统采集通道和磁场传感器的标定，提出了基于多频伪随机信号相关迭代检测的频域标定方法，有效抑制标定过程中环境噪声的影响，提高了标定的效率和精度。对于有用信号频带内模拟电路难以抑制的几种干扰噪声，分别给出了数字滤波和数字平均的消除方法，从而提高参数提取结果的准确性。最后，通过分布式接收系统与国内外同类仪器的水槽模型和野外勘探对比实验，验证了仪器单一方法测量结果的准确性。在辽宁大台沟铁矿和吉林红旗岭镍矿进行了CSAMT与IP联合探测实验，获得了与已知地质和钻孔资料吻合的探测结果，体现了CSAMT与IP联合探测方法和仪器应用于深部矿产资源勘探的可行性和有效性。
Mineral resources are fundamental materials of society development in the world. Alarge number of mineral resources were consumed with the rapid development of China'seconomy. Many shallow ores have been mined and exhausted, for this reason that more andmore raw material depended on external resources, such as petroleum, iron ore, and so on.The national economic security is increasingly affected. The metallogenic theory andinternational prospecting experiences show that there is great potential for discovery of deepunknown ore in China. Electrical prospecting is one of the effective means for mineralresources exploration. Because of weak electromagnetic response signal of deep target andserious environmental noise, there are many problems for using existing electrical prospectingtechnology, such as the weak anti-interference ability, low measurement efficiency, poorinterpretation results credibility. The application affects of electrical method have beenrestricted in the deep mineral resources exploration.
For the deficiencies of the existing electrical prospecting technology and equipment inthe deep mineral resources exploration, tracking the latest trends of the foreign instrument,combined CSAMT (Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric) and IP (InducedPolarization) prospecting method is proposed in this paper. Artificial source methods improvethe anti-interference capability in the measurement environment of mining area. Thecombined prospecting method takes advantage of large exploration depth of CSAMT andaccurate shallow exploration results of IP. The measurement results of IP not only provideinduced polarization parameter of ore deposit, but also constraint high frequency bandresistivity of CSAMT using polarization resistivity of IP obtained at the same time, Thus theresolution of deep electric structure for CSAMT prospecting is improved effectively.Combined CSAMT and IP prospecting technology was studied in this paper. Datanormalization method for combined CSAMT and IP prospecting is proposed and fieldobservation for high efficiency combined prospecting was designed. Through the in-depthstudy of the key technologies of wideband large dynamic range signal detection, transceivingsynchronization, calibration in frequency domain, and so on, a distributed simultaneousmulti-site receiving system was developed which meet the requirements for combinedCSAMT and IP prospecting. This study was funded by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of scientific instrument special program” Research on key technology andinstrument for large depth (500-1500m) distributed electromagnetic exploration”. This paper made a breakthrough and innovative in the following four aspects:
1. Data normalization method for combined CSAMT and IP prospecting was proposed.According to the unity of CSAMT and IP results reflecting underground electrical structure atdifferent depth, the conversion formula between CSAMT frequency and IP polar distance isgiven. By establishing the relationship between polarization resistivity and DC resistivity andinterpolation processing for conversion frequency points, Data normalization problem forcombined prospecting is solved at the same depth using the two methods. Weighted averageCSAMT and IP data combined method is proposed to achieve CSAMT data constrained by IPdata and improve the resolution of CSAMT method for deep electrical structure.
2. The cycle transceiving synchronization technology for CSAMT multi-frequencymeasurement base on GPS and oven controlled crystal oscillator was proposed. CSAMTinstrument is faced with the demands of remote，broad band and multi-frequency transceivingsynchronization to realize phase measurement. The period that pulse per second of GPScalibrates the output of oven controlled crystal oscillator’s divider periodically was shortenedby selecting small denominator frequency value, then, a signal with minor cumulative errorwas generated to be used as the synchronous clock. The synchronization protocol thatcoordinated universal time (UTC) was assigned cyclically achieve sweeping measurementand improve the multi-frequency measurement efficiency.
3. The frequency domain calibration method for distributed receiving system base onmulti-frequency pseudo-random signal iterative correlation detection was put forward.According to single signal frequency for sine wave, uneven frequency distribution inlogarithmic coordinate and serious harmonic amplitude attenuation for square wave, themulti-frequency pseudo-random calibration signal has several main frequency points withlogarithmic interval distribution and equal amplitude approximately to improve the efficiencyof the calibration. Multiple correlation iterative algorithm is used to detect multi-frequencyoutput signal to inhibit the effects of environmental noise and improved the accuracy of thecalibration.
4. The distributed receiving system was developed which meet the requirements forcombined CSAMT and IP prospecting. Signal detection system with frequency band0.05Hz~10kHz, short circuit noise lower than1μV, dynamic range130dB is realized bysolving several key techniques, including electromagnetic signal conditioning, the24high-resolution data acquisition, digital filtering and decimation. Based on multi-sitedsimultaneous measurement of distributed receiving system and similar observation mode fortwo methods, The scalar CSAET, the IP sounding of three poles and intermediate gradientprofile measurement was designed to achieve high efficiency combined prospecting in thesmallest changes for the device.
The field contrast and combined prospecting experiments were carried out fordistributed receiving system. The consistency of the exploration results is very good with similar foreign instrument and the accuracy of system for single method was proved. Thedistributed receiving system has obvious advantages in measuring efficiency, pressingvarying interference, improving the credibility explained by single method because of multi-site synchronous acquisition. The combined CSAMT and IP prospecting experiments werecompleted for Dataigou iron deposit, in Liaoning Province and Hongqiling nickel deposit, inJilin Province. Compared with the single CSAMT result, the combined exploration results ismore consistent with the known geological and drilling material. Therefore it is proved to befeasible and effective that combined CSAMT and IP prospecting method and instruments isapplied in the deep mineral resources exploration. The proposed combined prospectingmethod provides ideas for the combined application and interpretation of other methods. Theweak signal detection, synchronization acquisition and instrument calibration and othercommon technologies in distributed receiving system provides references for the developmentof other electrical prospecting instrument, also lays the foundation technology for thedevelopment of the three-dimensional electrical prospecting system.
引文
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