磁流变液及其传动技术研究
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摘要
磁流变液（Magnetorheological Fluid, MRF）是一种新型智能材料，在磁场作用下具有显著的流变效应，近年来受到国内外学者的高度重视，得到越来越广泛的应用，磁流变传动装置（Magnetorheological Transmission Device, MRTD）是磁流变液的重要应用之一，具有优越的传动特性，存在广阔的应用前景。针对目前磁流变液及其传动技术研究中存在的问题，本文在以下几个方面进行了深入的研究。
阐述了磁流变液的组成，从宏观及微观方面对磁流变液的流变效应进行了分析，详细分析了磁流变液的性能评价指标，指出剪切屈服应力是磁流变液最重要的性能之一，总结了经典偶极子、局部场偶极子和有限元三种颗粒作用力计算模型的特点，分析了经典偶极子模型的局限性，并得到其误差分布特点，提出了一种新型的颗粒作用力计算模型——分裂偶极子模型，并讨论了其计算精度，得到了一种形式较简单、计算较准确的磁流变液剪切屈服应力理论计算模型。
总结了磁流变传动装置变形界面的产生形式，采用数值计算方法，从变形界面磁场和液膜传动能力两方面分析了变形界面的传动性能，得到了变形量及工作间距对变形界面传动能力的影响规律，并进行了相关实验研究，确定了传动界面许用变形量。
阐述了磁流变液壁面滑移现象的产生机理，理论分析了磁流变液中颗粒与传动壁面间的相互作用，并采用实验方法研究了壁面材料类型、粗糙度、沟槽形状、沟槽密度、沟槽深度、纹理类型、颗粒体积分数、工作间隙磁场强度等因素对壁面滑移特性的影响规律，确定了较为合理的传动壁面。
研制了一种双圆盘式磁流变传动装置，并分析了其电磁场及温度场，搭建了磁流变传动试验台，开展了磁流变传动装置空载特性、静特性、动特性、调节特性、温升特性、滑差转速特性及工作间距特性研究。
建立了磁流变传动系统的速度控制模型，并对该模型输出速度的时间响应特性进行了分析，总结了磁流变传动装置的控制特点，分析了控制系统常用控制策略，提出了输出速度的模糊控制策略，设计出二维模糊控制器，并开展了速度调节特性实验，研究取得的成果对磁流变液及其传动技术的深入研究具有指导意义，为磁流变传动装置的设计和磁流变传动技术的应用推广提供技术支持。
Magnetorheologcial Fluds (MRF) is a new type intellectual material with attractiverheological properties upon the application of an external magnetic field, has been afocused research and widely use all over the world recent years, MagnetorheologicalTransmission Device (MRTD), with superior transmission performance and applicationprospect, is an important application of MRF. According to the existing problems, thefollowing aspects are thoroughly researched in the dissertation.
Conception of MRF is described and rheology effect is observed from macroscopicand microscopic aspect, performance evaluation indexs are analyzed detailedly showingthat shear yield stress is the most important performance of MRF, the characteristics ofclassic dipole model, local dipole model and finite element model are summarized,obtaining the limitation and error distribution of classic dipole model, a new type particlesinteraction model, splitting dipole model, is proposed and the error is discussed, then, anew shear yield stress theory calculation model of MRF is deduced, which has simplerformat and higher precision.
Deformed interface shapes of MRTD are summarized, the magnetic field distributionin working gap and the transmission capability of oil film are analyzed repectively by thenumerical calculation method, and transmission rules of different deformation values andworking distances are obtained, the results are verfied by experiment method and theallowable deformation value is obtained.
Wall slip effect generation mechanism is described and interaction relationshipbetween particles and transmission wall is analyzed theoretically. Based on a lot ofexperiments, the influence rules of wall materials, roughness, groove shapes, groovedensities, groove depths, texture types, volume fraction of MRF and applied magnetic fieldon wall slip effect are obtained respectively, the more reasonable transmission wall isobtained.
A double disc MRTD is designed, of which the magnetic field and the temperaturefield are analyzed, the disc MRTD test-bed is established and the transmissioncharacteristics including no-loaded characteristic, static characteristic, dynamiccharacteristic, adjusting characteristic, temperature characteristic, slip rotato speedcharacteristic and working distance characteristic of MRTD are researched by experimentmethod.
Relationship model of MRTD system between current and rotate speed is deduced and the time response is analyzed, then, the control characteristic and strategy are summarized,the fuzzy control strategy and controller are desiged, the corresponding speed adjustingexperiment is researched. The research results play a guiding role in the thorough researchon MRF and MRTD technology, and provide technical support for the design of MRTDand application and popularization of MRTD technology.
阐述了磁流变液的组成，从宏观及微观方面对磁流变液的流变效应进行了分析，详细分析了磁流变液的性能评价指标，指出剪切屈服应力是磁流变液最重要的性能之一，总结了经典偶极子、局部场偶极子和有限元三种颗粒作用力计算模型的特点，分析了经典偶极子模型的局限性，并得到其误差分布特点，提出了一种新型的颗粒作用力计算模型——分裂偶极子模型，并讨论了其计算精度，得到了一种形式较简单、计算较准确的磁流变液剪切屈服应力理论计算模型。
总结了磁流变传动装置变形界面的产生形式，采用数值计算方法，从变形界面磁场和液膜传动能力两方面分析了变形界面的传动性能，得到了变形量及工作间距对变形界面传动能力的影响规律，并进行了相关实验研究，确定了传动界面许用变形量。
阐述了磁流变液壁面滑移现象的产生机理，理论分析了磁流变液中颗粒与传动壁面间的相互作用，并采用实验方法研究了壁面材料类型、粗糙度、沟槽形状、沟槽密度、沟槽深度、纹理类型、颗粒体积分数、工作间隙磁场强度等因素对壁面滑移特性的影响规律，确定了较为合理的传动壁面。
研制了一种双圆盘式磁流变传动装置，并分析了其电磁场及温度场，搭建了磁流变传动试验台，开展了磁流变传动装置空载特性、静特性、动特性、调节特性、温升特性、滑差转速特性及工作间距特性研究。
建立了磁流变传动系统的速度控制模型，并对该模型输出速度的时间响应特性进行了分析，总结了磁流变传动装置的控制特点，分析了控制系统常用控制策略，提出了输出速度的模糊控制策略，设计出二维模糊控制器，并开展了速度调节特性实验，研究取得的成果对磁流变液及其传动技术的深入研究具有指导意义，为磁流变传动装置的设计和磁流变传动技术的应用推广提供技术支持。
Magnetorheologcial Fluds (MRF) is a new type intellectual material with attractiverheological properties upon the application of an external magnetic field, has been afocused research and widely use all over the world recent years, MagnetorheologicalTransmission Device (MRTD), with superior transmission performance and applicationprospect, is an important application of MRF. According to the existing problems, thefollowing aspects are thoroughly researched in the dissertation.
Conception of MRF is described and rheology effect is observed from macroscopicand microscopic aspect, performance evaluation indexs are analyzed detailedly showingthat shear yield stress is the most important performance of MRF, the characteristics ofclassic dipole model, local dipole model and finite element model are summarized,obtaining the limitation and error distribution of classic dipole model, a new type particlesinteraction model, splitting dipole model, is proposed and the error is discussed, then, anew shear yield stress theory calculation model of MRF is deduced, which has simplerformat and higher precision.
Deformed interface shapes of MRTD are summarized, the magnetic field distributionin working gap and the transmission capability of oil film are analyzed repectively by thenumerical calculation method, and transmission rules of different deformation values andworking distances are obtained, the results are verfied by experiment method and theallowable deformation value is obtained.
Wall slip effect generation mechanism is described and interaction relationshipbetween particles and transmission wall is analyzed theoretically. Based on a lot ofexperiments, the influence rules of wall materials, roughness, groove shapes, groovedensities, groove depths, texture types, volume fraction of MRF and applied magnetic fieldon wall slip effect are obtained respectively, the more reasonable transmission wall isobtained.
A double disc MRTD is designed, of which the magnetic field and the temperaturefield are analyzed, the disc MRTD test-bed is established and the transmissioncharacteristics including no-loaded characteristic, static characteristic, dynamiccharacteristic, adjusting characteristic, temperature characteristic, slip rotato speedcharacteristic and working distance characteristic of MRTD are researched by experimentmethod.
Relationship model of MRTD system between current and rotate speed is deduced and the time response is analyzed, then, the control characteristic and strategy are summarized,the fuzzy control strategy and controller are desiged, the corresponding speed adjustingexperiment is researched. The research results play a guiding role in the thorough researchon MRF and MRTD technology, and provide technical support for the design of MRTDand application and popularization of MRTD technology.
引文
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