数字式半导体激光器恒温控制器的方案论证
摘要
作为光电子系统的核心部件,大功率半导体激光器的应用日益广泛,而温度是影响激光器性能的重要参数,因此对其进行温度控制有着重要意义。本论文的绪论从这个意义入手,并对比了国内外温控行业的发展状况。第二章概括阐述了稳恒控制系统的工作原理。第三章说明了温控系统的参数要求,并对系统的硬件结构做了详细的论述,包括总体的结构框架以及各个子模块的电路结构。第四章论述了系统的软件实现部分,包括A/D和D/A转换子程序,人机交换部分控制子程序,PI控制部分子程序等。第五章列举了实验中得到的数据。第六章阐述系统的电磁兼容特性。其中,对设计中的模拟电路部分,用搭建实际电路的方法取得实验数据,对设计中的数字电路部分,用软件Proteus结合Keil进行仿真分析。通过对所得数据进行分析,可以得出在工程允许的误差范围内,本设计满足所规定的参数要求的结论。
Because of its small size, powerful data processing ability and low price,Single Chip Microcomputer has been widely applied. Most of the SCMcontrol systems use software arithmetic, which is more flexible than analogcontrol to achieve control projects; What is more, it has high reliability andlow disturbance due to fewer components and digital signal processing, whichavoids the aberration and distortion producing by the transmission of analogsignals; In addition, it may set the parameter simply, and makes the systemdebugging convenient. Therefore, the single chip control systems are verysuitable for control systems of application areas. It is why we use SCM as thekernel part for controlling.
In recent decades, the development of optical communication technologygreatly speeds up the information transmission, lengthens the transfer distanceand heightens the transfer reliability. With the development of optical fibercommunication, optical amplifier plays a more and more important role. Asthe kernel part of optical amplifier, semiconductor laser diode (LD, LaserDiode) owns small size, light weight, simple structure, long life and otherfeatures, it may modulate easily. The output wavelength and light intensity canbe modulated by changing the injection current. But the output wavelength ofsemiconductor laser diode also has a great relationship with the temperature.When the internal temperature of semiconductor laser diode increases, outputwavelength increases. With the widely application of semiconductor laserdiode in measure, optical fiber communication, optical fiber transducer,especially the rapid development of WDM and DWDM opticalcommunications, the output wavelength of semiconductor laser diode is required to be very stable. In addition, the output power of semiconductor laserdiode is also influenced by temperature. Therefore, the internal temperature ofsemiconductor laser diode must be strictly controlled.
Negative feedback control theory is used in temperature control systembased on the 89C51. Negative temperature coefficient temperature sensor isused to sample the temperature of semiconductor laser diode. Andsemiconductor cooler is used as the implementation device of temperaturecontrol system. This paper begins from the practical meaning of temperaturecontroller of semiconductor laser diode. Then, introduce the common principleof the control system. And then, introduce the technologies such as the designof the front panel、temperature sampling、the application of the A/D chipMAX1241 and the D/A chip DAC7512、the TEC driving circuit and the PItemperature control. This paper involves the knowledge of electricity、optics、technology of semiconductor refrigeration and so on.
In this paper, the overall design of the constant temperature controlsystem is as follows: Internal temperature change of semiconductor laser diodeis got by the temperature sensor, and then converted into electrical signal. Thiselectrical signal is compared with preset temperature signal after sampling andAnalog to Digital converting. The difference between the two signals will beprocessed by SCM with PI control theory. The output of PI control isamplified by power amplifier after Digital to Analog converting. The outputsignal drives TEC and controls the value and direction of driver current. Andthen the heating and refrigeration operation of semiconductor laser diode areachieved.
Several temperature sensors are introduced first in the temperaturecollection part. The nonlinear of Temperature Negative Coefficient (NTC)Resistor Temperature is modified. Because temperature is changed intoresistance by NTC and the resistance is difficult to be measured, we expect toobtain thermal resistance by providing a constant current for thermal resistance,and then measure the voltage on thermal resistor. And temperature can beobtained from the thermal resistance by using R T curve.
The serial 12 bit chip MAX1241 is used for Analog to Digital Converter.And it is discussed in details in this paper.
SCM processes the differences between the preset temperature and thepractical temperature with PI control theory. PID theory is a mature controltheory of industry. It is made up of three parts: proportion、integral anddifferential. It gets satisfactory control effect by combining them perfectly.The proportion tache is used to shorten the respond time. The integral tache isused to minish steady state error. The differential tache is used to lower theovershoot. To the temperature control system, temperture is a physicalquantity which changes slowly, so the differential tache which aims at thefast change process can be ignored. To get better control ability, we importFuzzy control principles. By combining Fuzzy control theory and theory ofPID control, the CPU can simulate human experience and make a reasonablejudgment and reasoning according to the performance indicators. The fuzzyPID principle in this design is to find out the relationship between parametersof PID control and the error of preset temperature and the actual temperature.The error is testing all the time. And the three parameters are auto tune in real time based on Fuzzy PID control principles, so that the object has a gooddynamic and static characteristics.
In the constant temperature control system, cooling quantity of TEC ismainly determined by the drive signal. TEC is a current driven device, so itcan be driven by voltage controlled current source. TEC can heat or cool asthe direction of current changes. Because this temperature control system isdesigned for high power laser diode, the current should be large. But existingspecialized TEC chip cannot achieve great current, thus a bridge drive circuitfor power amplifying is designed by using Darlington. The driven current Thecontrol voltage of Darlington is generated by Digital to Analog Converter.AD7521 chip is selected as Digital to Analog Converter.
In the designing scheme of this system, we consult advancedapplications in the aspect of constant temperature control and use the primedesign idea as reference, to complete the digital constant temperature controlsystem. This constant temperature control system can be applied not only forthe temperature control in semiconductor laser diode, but also for other caseswhen temperature control is necessary.This paper has positive significance tothe wide application of semiconductor laser diode.
Because of its small size, powerful data processing ability and low price,Single Chip Microcomputer has been widely applied. Most of the SCMcontrol systems use software arithmetic, which is more flexible than analogcontrol to achieve control projects; What is more, it has high reliability andlow disturbance due to fewer components and digital signal processing, whichavoids the aberration and distortion producing by the transmission of analogsignals; In addition, it may set the parameter simply, and makes the systemdebugging convenient. Therefore, the single chip control systems are verysuitable for control systems of application areas. It is why we use SCM as thekernel part for controlling.
In recent decades, the development of optical communication technologygreatly speeds up the information transmission, lengthens the transfer distanceand heightens the transfer reliability. With the development of optical fibercommunication, optical amplifier plays a more and more important role. Asthe kernel part of optical amplifier, semiconductor laser diode (LD, LaserDiode) owns small size, light weight, simple structure, long life and otherfeatures, it may modulate easily. The output wavelength and light intensity canbe modulated by changing the injection current. But the output wavelength ofsemiconductor laser diode also has a great relationship with the temperature.When the internal temperature of semiconductor laser diode increases, outputwavelength increases. With the widely application of semiconductor laserdiode in measure, optical fiber communication, optical fiber transducer,especially the rapid development of WDM and DWDM opticalcommunications, the output wavelength of semiconductor laser diode is required to be very stable. In addition, the output power of semiconductor laserdiode is also influenced by temperature. Therefore, the internal temperature ofsemiconductor laser diode must be strictly controlled.
Negative feedback control theory is used in temperature control systembased on the 89C51. Negative temperature coefficient temperature sensor isused to sample the temperature of semiconductor laser diode. Andsemiconductor cooler is used as the implementation device of temperaturecontrol system. This paper begins from the practical meaning of temperaturecontroller of semiconductor laser diode. Then, introduce the common principleof the control system. And then, introduce the technologies such as the designof the front panel、temperature sampling、the application of the A/D chipMAX1241 and the D/A chip DAC7512、the TEC driving circuit and the PItemperature control. This paper involves the knowledge of electricity、optics、technology of semiconductor refrigeration and so on.
In this paper, the overall design of the constant temperature controlsystem is as follows: Internal temperature change of semiconductor laser diodeis got by the temperature sensor, and then converted into electrical signal. Thiselectrical signal is compared with preset temperature signal after sampling andAnalog to Digital converting. The difference between the two signals will beprocessed by SCM with PI control theory. The output of PI control isamplified by power amplifier after Digital to Analog converting. The outputsignal drives TEC and controls the value and direction of driver current. Andthen the heating and refrigeration operation of semiconductor laser diode areachieved.
Several temperature sensors are introduced first in the temperaturecollection part. The nonlinear of Temperature Negative Coefficient (NTC)Resistor Temperature is modified. Because temperature is changed intoresistance by NTC and the resistance is difficult to be measured, we expect toobtain thermal resistance by providing a constant current for thermal resistance,and then measure the voltage on thermal resistor. And temperature can beobtained from the thermal resistance by using R T curve.
The serial 12 bit chip MAX1241 is used for Analog to Digital Converter.And it is discussed in details in this paper.
SCM processes the differences between the preset temperature and thepractical temperature with PI control theory. PID theory is a mature controltheory of industry. It is made up of three parts: proportion、integral anddifferential. It gets satisfactory control effect by combining them perfectly.The proportion tache is used to shorten the respond time. The integral tache isused to minish steady state error. The differential tache is used to lower theovershoot. To the temperature control system, temperture is a physicalquantity which changes slowly, so the differential tache which aims at thefast change process can be ignored. To get better control ability, we importFuzzy control principles. By combining Fuzzy control theory and theory ofPID control, the CPU can simulate human experience and make a reasonablejudgment and reasoning according to the performance indicators. The fuzzyPID principle in this design is to find out the relationship between parametersof PID control and the error of preset temperature and the actual temperature.The error is testing all the time. And the three parameters are auto tune in real time based on Fuzzy PID control principles, so that the object has a gooddynamic and static characteristics.
In the constant temperature control system, cooling quantity of TEC ismainly determined by the drive signal. TEC is a current driven device, so itcan be driven by voltage controlled current source. TEC can heat or cool asthe direction of current changes. Because this temperature control system isdesigned for high power laser diode, the current should be large. But existingspecialized TEC chip cannot achieve great current, thus a bridge drive circuitfor power amplifying is designed by using Darlington. The driven current Thecontrol voltage of Darlington is generated by Digital to Analog Converter.AD7521 chip is selected as Digital to Analog Converter.
In the designing scheme of this system, we consult advancedapplications in the aspect of constant temperature control and use the primedesign idea as reference, to complete the digital constant temperature controlsystem. This constant temperature control system can be applied not only forthe temperature control in semiconductor laser diode, but also for other caseswhen temperature control is necessary.This paper has positive significance tothe wide application of semiconductor laser diode.
引文
[1]张娜,于永力,田小建,单江东.半导体激光器恒温控制理论与应用.吉林大学学报(理学版),2002,40(3):284-287.
[2]艾淑平. 半导体激光器恒温控制单元的控制模式与算法研究.东北师范大学硕士论文,2005.
[3]张朋娜. 基于 STC89C516RD+单片机的控制系统的实验论证.吉林大学硕士论文,2006.
[4]赵长松.串行 AD 和 DA 芯片的应用.今日电子,2002,9:10-11.
[5]施自胜.低功耗满幅输出 12 位串行数模转换器 DAC7512 及其应用.国外电子元器件,2004(6):69-70.
[6]Lee H J,Yoon J S.Numerical analysis on the cooling of a laser diode package with a thermoelectric cooler.Heat Transfer—Asia Reserch,2001,30:357-370.
[7]Omer S A, Riffat S B, Ma X. Experimental investigation of a thermoelectric refrigeration system employing a phase change material integrated with thermal diode.Thermal Engineering,2001,21:1265-1271.
[8]黄岳巍,崔瑞祯,巩马理,陈刚.基于 TEC 的大功率 LD 恒温控制系统的研究.红外与激光工程,2006,35(2):143-147.
[9]任文辉,林智群,彭沛夫.用单片机对实验室恒温控制系统的设计.大学物理,2005,24(5):42-45.
[10]孙丽飞,田小建,艾宝丽.大功率半导体激光器的精密模糊 PID 温控系统.量子电子学报,2005,22(3):382 386.
[11]李健云,张振辉,訾壮辉.一种新型恒温控制系统.黑龙江大学自然科学学报,1998,15(1):71-73.
[12]朱仲邃,杨永华.一种智能恒温控制器的设计.甘肃科技,2005,21(5):36-37.
[13]蒋和伦.一种大功率半导体激光器恒温控制系统的设计.半导体光电, 2004,25(4):320-322.
[14]梁肇全.实用恒温控制装置.实用电子制作,2005(6):17-18.
[15]Yu Fusheng, Ai Xing. Design for High-power laser-diode accurate temperature control of fuzzy+PI sysem. Measure and Control Technique,2000,19(9):31-33.
[16]绍华.一种高性能恒温控制系统的设计.电机电器技术,2004(1):23-24.
[17]翁潮霞.一种实用的恒温控制电路.广西物理,1999,20(4):26-27.
[18]冯桂宁,蒋翔俊.单片机模糊 PID 自整定控制算法的实现与仿真.电子元器件应用,2007,19(5):59-62.
[19]涂象初.智能控制低温恒温系统.电子技术应用,1994(3):11-14.
[20]代启化.Proteus 在单片机电路系统设计中的应用.自动化与仪器仪表,2006(6):84-87.
[2]艾淑平. 半导体激光器恒温控制单元的控制模式与算法研究.东北师范大学硕士论文,2005.
[3]张朋娜. 基于 STC89C516RD+单片机的控制系统的实验论证.吉林大学硕士论文,2006.
[4]赵长松.串行 AD 和 DA 芯片的应用.今日电子,2002,9:10-11.
[5]施自胜.低功耗满幅输出 12 位串行数模转换器 DAC7512 及其应用.国外电子元器件,2004(6):69-70.
[6]Lee H J,Yoon J S.Numerical analysis on the cooling of a laser diode package with a thermoelectric cooler.Heat Transfer—Asia Reserch,2001,30:357-370.
[7]Omer S A, Riffat S B, Ma X. Experimental investigation of a thermoelectric refrigeration system employing a phase change material integrated with thermal diode.Thermal Engineering,2001,21:1265-1271.
[8]黄岳巍,崔瑞祯,巩马理,陈刚.基于 TEC 的大功率 LD 恒温控制系统的研究.红外与激光工程,2006,35(2):143-147.
[9]任文辉,林智群,彭沛夫.用单片机对实验室恒温控制系统的设计.大学物理,2005,24(5):42-45.
[10]孙丽飞,田小建,艾宝丽.大功率半导体激光器的精密模糊 PID 温控系统.量子电子学报,2005,22(3):382 386.
[11]李健云,张振辉,訾壮辉.一种新型恒温控制系统.黑龙江大学自然科学学报,1998,15(1):71-73.
[12]朱仲邃,杨永华.一种智能恒温控制器的设计.甘肃科技,2005,21(5):36-37.
[13]蒋和伦.一种大功率半导体激光器恒温控制系统的设计.半导体光电, 2004,25(4):320-322.
[14]梁肇全.实用恒温控制装置.实用电子制作,2005(6):17-18.
[15]Yu Fusheng, Ai Xing. Design for High-power laser-diode accurate temperature control of fuzzy+PI sysem. Measure and Control Technique,2000,19(9):31-33.
[16]绍华.一种高性能恒温控制系统的设计.电机电器技术,2004(1):23-24.
[17]翁潮霞.一种实用的恒温控制电路.广西物理,1999,20(4):26-27.
[18]冯桂宁,蒋翔俊.单片机模糊 PID 自整定控制算法的实现与仿真.电子元器件应用,2007,19(5):59-62.
[19]涂象初.智能控制低温恒温系统.电子技术应用,1994(3):11-14.
[20]代启化.Proteus 在单片机电路系统设计中的应用.自动化与仪器仪表,2006(6):84-87.