同塔四回输电线路故障分析与故障测距
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摘要
受输电走廊通道资源等因素的制约,同时为了提高线路单位走廊的输电容量和土地利用率,降低电力建设成本,同塔多回输电方式已成为我国电网建设的必然趋势。电力系统故障分析是电力系统分析的重要内容之一,是电力系统规划设计、继电保护定值整定及故障测距等必不可缺的重要基础。故障测距是输电线路故障点查找与清除的重要依据,精确的故障测距能大大减轻人工巡线的艰辛工作,缩短排除故障的时间,及时修复线路、恢复可靠供电,对保证电力系统的安全稳定经济运行有着十分重要的作用。但由于同塔多回输电线路存在复杂的线间互感,大大增加的同塔多回输电线路故障分析与故障测距的难度。为此,本文围绕同塔四回输电线路的解耦方法、故障分析、故障选线和故障测距原理和方法进行深入研究,主要研究内容如下:
1.以同塔四回输电线路杆塔为研究对象,分析了杆塔结构及线路排列造成的线间互感差异,构建了符合实际工程的同塔四回输电线路阻抗模型。分析了基于对称分量法的同塔四回输电线路解耦方法的局限性,揭示了对称分量法对同塔四回输电线路故障测距的影响,阐明了消除同塔四回输电线路零序耦合互感的必要性。
2.基于同塔四回输电线路阻抗矩阵模型,通过分析同塔四回输电线路的线间耦合特征,建立了适用于频域和时域分析的同塔四回输电线路解耦理论和方法,为同塔四回输电线路故障分析、故障选线和故障测距的研究奠定了坚实的理论基础。
3.基于同塔四回输电线路解耦方法,根据同塔四回输电线路各序分量的特征以及相分量与序分量之间的关系,结合故障边界条件,通过建立同塔四回输电线路的12相故障分析模型,提出了适用于同塔四回输电线路各种横向和纵向故障的故障分析方法。该方法无需构造复合序网,具有良好的通用性与实用性。基于ATP/EMTP,采用实际工程的500kV同塔四回输电系统模型进行了全面的仿真验证。
4.在同塔四回输电线路解耦方法的基础上,分析了同塔四回输电线路同向量、环流量及其与两端等效系统之间的特性,利用不同回线故障时各环流量间的相位特征,提出了不受系统阻抗影响的基于环流量相位差的同塔四回输电线路故障选线方法。该方法能有效地消除两端系统阻抗对故障选线的影响,从而提高了同塔四回输电线路故障选线的准确性。基于ATP/EMTP,采用实际工程的500kV同塔四回输电系统模型进行了全面仿真验证。
5.针对全线同塔四回输电线路,为了消除线路参数不确定性对其故障测距的影响,基于故障前两端电压和电流同向量,建立线路参数自适应的频域观测方程;基于故障环流量,通过建立故障测距频域观测方程,提出了全线同塔四回输电线路参数自适应的双端故障测距频域方法。利用ATP /EMTP,构建实际工程的全线同塔四回输电系统模型,通过全面的仿真分析验证,结果表明:该方法测距精度较高,消除了同塔四回输电线路参数的不确定性影响。
6.首次针对三端局部同塔四回输电线路,在建立其故障分支判别方法的基础上,通过建立各故障分支的故障测距频域观测方程,提出了三端局部同塔四回输电线路的故障测距频域方法。基于ATP/EMTP,构建相应的同塔四回输电系统模型,进行全面系统的仿真验证,结果表明:所提方法测距精度高、更具实际工程应用前景。
Because four-parallel transmission lines on same tower have the advantage of narrow land corridor, increasing transmission capacity and saving investment, it becomes an inevitable trend for building power grid in China. Fault analysis is not only an important part of power system analysis but also an important foundation for planning, design, protection and fault location of power system. And the important basis of finding and removing faults is fault location theory. Fault location has the advantage of reducing workload for discovering faults, shortening time for getting rid of faults. So, fault location plays an important role in power system safe and reliable operation. However, due to mutual electromagnetic effect complexity between four-parallel transmission lines on same tower, fault analysis and fault location are faced with technical difficulty. Therefore, this dissertation researches on decoupling method, fault analysis method, fault lines selection theory and fault location scheme for four-parallel transmission lines on same tower. The main research works and results are shown as following:
1. According to the structure of pole and tower and the lines arrangement causing different mutual inductance, the comparatively actual impedance model of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is constructed. After the impedance model is decoupled by the symmetrical components method, this dissertation analyses the symmetrical components method disadvantage for fault location and illustrates the necessity of eliminating zero-sequence coupling mutual inductance.
2. Based on the proposed impedance model, a decoupling method for four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is proposed by analyzing the characteristic of coupling mutual induction. Thus, two corresponding transformation matrices are deduced for frequency domain and time domain analysis respectively, which are the foundation of fault analysis, fault lines selection and fault location.
3. According to the characteristic of sequence components and the relationship between phase components and sequence components, a type of simple and general model for all kinds of short-circuit and open-conductors faults of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is constructed. Thus, based on the fault boundary conditions and decoupling transformation analysis, this dissertation proposes a novel fault calculation and analysis method for four-parallel transmission lines on same tower. The proposed calculation method has the advantage of no compound sequence networks, practicability and university. Based on the ATP/EMTP, the comparatively actual model of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is constructed for the simulation verification.
. 4. Based on the decoupling analysis for four-parallel transmission lines on same tower, this dissertation analyses the relationship between the equal directional components and the equal system of two terminals; the relationship between the circulation components and the equal system of two terminals. And then, based on the characteristic of phase angles between circulation components, a new method for fault lines selection of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is proposed. Because the circulation components are unrelated with system impendence, the proposed method improves accuracy for fault lines selection. Based on the ATP/EMTP, the comparatively actual model of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is constructed for the simulation verification.
5. For fault location of whole four-parallel transmission lines on same tower, a novel parameter adaptive fault location scheme based on two terminals data of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is proposed. In order to eliminate the effects of transmission line parameter uncertainties for fault location, the redundant information of the normal voltage and current are used to construct the transmission lines parameters adaptive frequency domain equation. Then, the circulation components are extracted to establish the frequency domain fault location observation equation of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower. Thus a novel parameter adaptive fault location scheme based on two terminals data of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is proposed. Using ATP/EMTP, the comparatively actual four-parallel transmission lines model is constructed for simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed fault location scheme is not only capable of eliminating the effects of transmission line parameter uncertainty but also endureing higher transition resistance.
6. For three terminals four-parallel transmission lines on same tower, this dissertation proposes a novel frequency domain fault location scheme firstly. Based on constructing the fault branch selection method, a novel frequency domain fault location scheme of three terminals four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is proposed by establishing the fault branch frequence observation equation. Using ATP/EMTP, the model of three terminals four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is constructed for the simulation verification. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is very accurate and easily applied to engineering practically.
1.以同塔四回输电线路杆塔为研究对象,分析了杆塔结构及线路排列造成的线间互感差异,构建了符合实际工程的同塔四回输电线路阻抗模型。分析了基于对称分量法的同塔四回输电线路解耦方法的局限性,揭示了对称分量法对同塔四回输电线路故障测距的影响,阐明了消除同塔四回输电线路零序耦合互感的必要性。
2.基于同塔四回输电线路阻抗矩阵模型,通过分析同塔四回输电线路的线间耦合特征,建立了适用于频域和时域分析的同塔四回输电线路解耦理论和方法,为同塔四回输电线路故障分析、故障选线和故障测距的研究奠定了坚实的理论基础。
3.基于同塔四回输电线路解耦方法,根据同塔四回输电线路各序分量的特征以及相分量与序分量之间的关系,结合故障边界条件,通过建立同塔四回输电线路的12相故障分析模型,提出了适用于同塔四回输电线路各种横向和纵向故障的故障分析方法。该方法无需构造复合序网,具有良好的通用性与实用性。基于ATP/EMTP,采用实际工程的500kV同塔四回输电系统模型进行了全面的仿真验证。
4.在同塔四回输电线路解耦方法的基础上,分析了同塔四回输电线路同向量、环流量及其与两端等效系统之间的特性,利用不同回线故障时各环流量间的相位特征,提出了不受系统阻抗影响的基于环流量相位差的同塔四回输电线路故障选线方法。该方法能有效地消除两端系统阻抗对故障选线的影响,从而提高了同塔四回输电线路故障选线的准确性。基于ATP/EMTP,采用实际工程的500kV同塔四回输电系统模型进行了全面仿真验证。
5.针对全线同塔四回输电线路,为了消除线路参数不确定性对其故障测距的影响,基于故障前两端电压和电流同向量,建立线路参数自适应的频域观测方程;基于故障环流量,通过建立故障测距频域观测方程,提出了全线同塔四回输电线路参数自适应的双端故障测距频域方法。利用ATP /EMTP,构建实际工程的全线同塔四回输电系统模型,通过全面的仿真分析验证,结果表明:该方法测距精度较高,消除了同塔四回输电线路参数的不确定性影响。
6.首次针对三端局部同塔四回输电线路,在建立其故障分支判别方法的基础上,通过建立各故障分支的故障测距频域观测方程,提出了三端局部同塔四回输电线路的故障测距频域方法。基于ATP/EMTP,构建相应的同塔四回输电系统模型,进行全面系统的仿真验证,结果表明:所提方法测距精度高、更具实际工程应用前景。
Because four-parallel transmission lines on same tower have the advantage of narrow land corridor, increasing transmission capacity and saving investment, it becomes an inevitable trend for building power grid in China. Fault analysis is not only an important part of power system analysis but also an important foundation for planning, design, protection and fault location of power system. And the important basis of finding and removing faults is fault location theory. Fault location has the advantage of reducing workload for discovering faults, shortening time for getting rid of faults. So, fault location plays an important role in power system safe and reliable operation. However, due to mutual electromagnetic effect complexity between four-parallel transmission lines on same tower, fault analysis and fault location are faced with technical difficulty. Therefore, this dissertation researches on decoupling method, fault analysis method, fault lines selection theory and fault location scheme for four-parallel transmission lines on same tower. The main research works and results are shown as following:
1. According to the structure of pole and tower and the lines arrangement causing different mutual inductance, the comparatively actual impedance model of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is constructed. After the impedance model is decoupled by the symmetrical components method, this dissertation analyses the symmetrical components method disadvantage for fault location and illustrates the necessity of eliminating zero-sequence coupling mutual inductance.
2. Based on the proposed impedance model, a decoupling method for four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is proposed by analyzing the characteristic of coupling mutual induction. Thus, two corresponding transformation matrices are deduced for frequency domain and time domain analysis respectively, which are the foundation of fault analysis, fault lines selection and fault location.
3. According to the characteristic of sequence components and the relationship between phase components and sequence components, a type of simple and general model for all kinds of short-circuit and open-conductors faults of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is constructed. Thus, based on the fault boundary conditions and decoupling transformation analysis, this dissertation proposes a novel fault calculation and analysis method for four-parallel transmission lines on same tower. The proposed calculation method has the advantage of no compound sequence networks, practicability and university. Based on the ATP/EMTP, the comparatively actual model of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is constructed for the simulation verification.
. 4. Based on the decoupling analysis for four-parallel transmission lines on same tower, this dissertation analyses the relationship between the equal directional components and the equal system of two terminals; the relationship between the circulation components and the equal system of two terminals. And then, based on the characteristic of phase angles between circulation components, a new method for fault lines selection of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is proposed. Because the circulation components are unrelated with system impendence, the proposed method improves accuracy for fault lines selection. Based on the ATP/EMTP, the comparatively actual model of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is constructed for the simulation verification.
5. For fault location of whole four-parallel transmission lines on same tower, a novel parameter adaptive fault location scheme based on two terminals data of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is proposed. In order to eliminate the effects of transmission line parameter uncertainties for fault location, the redundant information of the normal voltage and current are used to construct the transmission lines parameters adaptive frequency domain equation. Then, the circulation components are extracted to establish the frequency domain fault location observation equation of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower. Thus a novel parameter adaptive fault location scheme based on two terminals data of four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is proposed. Using ATP/EMTP, the comparatively actual four-parallel transmission lines model is constructed for simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed fault location scheme is not only capable of eliminating the effects of transmission line parameter uncertainty but also endureing higher transition resistance.
6. For three terminals four-parallel transmission lines on same tower, this dissertation proposes a novel frequency domain fault location scheme firstly. Based on constructing the fault branch selection method, a novel frequency domain fault location scheme of three terminals four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is proposed by establishing the fault branch frequence observation equation. Using ATP/EMTP, the model of three terminals four-parallel transmission lines on same tower is constructed for the simulation verification. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is very accurate and easily applied to engineering practically.
引文
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