电力系统电压稳定研究
|
摘要
超高压、大电网、远距离和重负荷输电等现代电力系统的发展趋势和特点,使得系统稳定问题愈益突出,电网运行电压的调控变得愈益困难。与此同时,新近大量增加的空调负荷、现代电力电子整流设备以及配电网上广泛使用的无功电压综合自动控制装置在改善用户供电质量的同时,也给系统稳定带来了极为不利的影响。国内外的研究与经验表明,保持系统的电压稳定性与功角静态稳定性是发展和运行现代电力系统时应予特别重视的技术课题。
本文首先较全面总结了电压稳定的定义,电压失稳的现象,发生机理,分类以及相应的各种研究方法,然后针对电压稳定安全指标的研究现状,采用了一种实现容易、计算简单、概念清晰的电压稳定监控指标,不需要复杂的矩阵运算。节约大量时间,便于在线应用。此外该指标能够辨识系统的关键节点、关键线路,提供系统距离电压崩溃有多远的信息。
整个电力系统可以看作由若干条功率传输路径组成,由于电压失稳本质上是一种局部现象,因此系统的电压稳定程度可以由最易于电压失稳的功率传输路径的电压稳定性来表征。该方法通过普通的潮流计算,利用导纳矩阵的信息,计算出系统中最薄弱的负荷节点,根据电气距离的定义,找到与薄弱负荷节点关系密切的发电机节点(关键发电机节点),并对薄弱负荷节点和关键发电机节点之间的关键路径(功率传输路径)进行等值,然后根据等值出的两节点系统计算出其稳定裕度指标。
通过IEEE39节点算例进行分析,发现该方法能够快速准确的找到薄弱负荷节点和薄弱区域,计算出电压稳定裕度指标。针对山东电网电源主要分布在西部、南部,负荷中心则在中部、东部地区,电网西电东送、南电北送的格局,更容易出现功率传输对电压稳定性的影响,而通过对山东电网实际数据的仿真,结果表明,该方法可以应用于电网的在线分析。
The tendency and the characteristic of the modern power system's development is extra-high voltage, great electric systems, transmission with long distance and heavy loads. And it makes the power system stability more striking, the regulation of the voltage more difficult. In the mean time, the increase of a large number of the air conditioner loads, modern electric and electronic equipments, widely used reactive power/voltage control devices on distribution systems bring badly influence to the system stability, though the supply of the electricity to the user improves. The research and experience inside and outside the country indicates that, to keep the voltage stability and power/angle stability is a very important technical question for discussion when running the modern power systems.
In this thesis we summarized the definition of voltage stability, its phenomena and mechanism, and its classification and study methods. Then according to the actual state of the study in voltage stability index aspect, we proposed a new index which is quite easy to calculate and can be implemented for online use. The method does not need complicated matrix computations and other time-consuming calculations, so the solution can be expected to be obtained faster. Besides this method can identify the exact location of voltage collapse and quantify how close a particular operating point is to voltage collapse.
Although power transmission paths are very complex in practical power systems, the voltage stability degree of power systems can be represented by the voltage stability of the power transmission path which is the most prone to voltage instability due to the local nature of voltage instability problems. Through the ordinary calculation of the power flow, and using the information of conductance matrix, the method can work out the weakest nodes of the system loads. Based on the definition of electrical distance, find the nodes in the generators (key generator nodes) which have close connection with the weakest load nodes. Then make equivalence to the path (power transmission path) between the weak load nodes and the key generator nodes. And the stability margin index can be found from the equivalent simple system.
Through the analysis based on the IEEE 39-bus example, the method can easily find the weakest nodes of the system loads and calculate the voltage stability margin index quickly and exactly. Because the generators of Shandong Power System distribute at the west, and the loads distribute at the east part. Power must be transferred from west to east. And this could easily affect the power stability. The result of simulation of the practical Shandong power system indicates that the method can be used to on-line analysis of power system.
本文首先较全面总结了电压稳定的定义,电压失稳的现象,发生机理,分类以及相应的各种研究方法,然后针对电压稳定安全指标的研究现状,采用了一种实现容易、计算简单、概念清晰的电压稳定监控指标,不需要复杂的矩阵运算。节约大量时间,便于在线应用。此外该指标能够辨识系统的关键节点、关键线路,提供系统距离电压崩溃有多远的信息。
整个电力系统可以看作由若干条功率传输路径组成,由于电压失稳本质上是一种局部现象,因此系统的电压稳定程度可以由最易于电压失稳的功率传输路径的电压稳定性来表征。该方法通过普通的潮流计算,利用导纳矩阵的信息,计算出系统中最薄弱的负荷节点,根据电气距离的定义,找到与薄弱负荷节点关系密切的发电机节点(关键发电机节点),并对薄弱负荷节点和关键发电机节点之间的关键路径(功率传输路径)进行等值,然后根据等值出的两节点系统计算出其稳定裕度指标。
通过IEEE39节点算例进行分析,发现该方法能够快速准确的找到薄弱负荷节点和薄弱区域,计算出电压稳定裕度指标。针对山东电网电源主要分布在西部、南部,负荷中心则在中部、东部地区,电网西电东送、南电北送的格局,更容易出现功率传输对电压稳定性的影响,而通过对山东电网实际数据的仿真,结果表明,该方法可以应用于电网的在线分析。
The tendency and the characteristic of the modern power system's development is extra-high voltage, great electric systems, transmission with long distance and heavy loads. And it makes the power system stability more striking, the regulation of the voltage more difficult. In the mean time, the increase of a large number of the air conditioner loads, modern electric and electronic equipments, widely used reactive power/voltage control devices on distribution systems bring badly influence to the system stability, though the supply of the electricity to the user improves. The research and experience inside and outside the country indicates that, to keep the voltage stability and power/angle stability is a very important technical question for discussion when running the modern power systems.
In this thesis we summarized the definition of voltage stability, its phenomena and mechanism, and its classification and study methods. Then according to the actual state of the study in voltage stability index aspect, we proposed a new index which is quite easy to calculate and can be implemented for online use. The method does not need complicated matrix computations and other time-consuming calculations, so the solution can be expected to be obtained faster. Besides this method can identify the exact location of voltage collapse and quantify how close a particular operating point is to voltage collapse.
Although power transmission paths are very complex in practical power systems, the voltage stability degree of power systems can be represented by the voltage stability of the power transmission path which is the most prone to voltage instability due to the local nature of voltage instability problems. Through the ordinary calculation of the power flow, and using the information of conductance matrix, the method can work out the weakest nodes of the system loads. Based on the definition of electrical distance, find the nodes in the generators (key generator nodes) which have close connection with the weakest load nodes. Then make equivalence to the path (power transmission path) between the weak load nodes and the key generator nodes. And the stability margin index can be found from the equivalent simple system.
Through the analysis based on the IEEE 39-bus example, the method can easily find the weakest nodes of the system loads and calculate the voltage stability margin index quickly and exactly. Because the generators of Shandong Power System distribute at the west, and the loads distribute at the east part. Power must be transferred from west to east. And this could easily affect the power stability. The result of simulation of the practical Shandong power system indicates that the method can be used to on-line analysis of power system.
引文
[1]诸骏伟.电力系统分析[M].中国电力出版社.2004
[2]程浩忠.“电力系统电压崩溃研究(上)、(下)”[J],电力系统自动化,1995,19(11.12)
[3]段献忠,何仰赞,陈德树.电力系统电压稳定性的研究现状[J].电网技术.1995,19(4):20-24
[4]CARSON W.TAYLOR.电力系统电压稳定[M].中国电力出版社.2002
[5]Charles Concordia.Voltage Instability:Defination and Concepts.Venice[J],Florida,1987
[6]马尔柯维奇,张钟俊译.动力系统及其运行情况[M],上册.电力工业出版社.1956年5月
[7]段俊东,郭志忠.一种可在线确定电压稳定运行范围的方法[J].中国电机工程学报.2006,26(4):113-118
[8]莫海勇,李林川,刘杨.考虑暂态稳定约束的联络线最大传输功率计算高电压技术[J].2007,33(9):120-124
[9]杨宁,冯治鸿,周双喜.大型电力系统中潮流多解的求取及其应用研究[J].电网技术.1996,5
[10]李兴源,王秀英.基于静态等值和奇异值分解的快速电压稳定性分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报.2003,23(4):1-4
[11]段献忠,袁骏,何仰赞,张德泉.电力系统电压稳定灵敏度分析方法[J].电力系统自动化.1997,21(4):9-12
[12]袁骏,段献忠,何仰赞,石东源.电力系统电压稳定灵敏度分析方法综述[J].电网技术.1997,21(9):7-10
[13]胡东.电力系统电压稳定性研究[硕士学位论文].2004
[14]Ma.W M,Throp J S.An Efficient Algorithm To Locate All The Load Flow Solutions[J].IEEE Trans.On PWRS,1993,8(3)
[15]刘益青,陈超英,梁磊,刘利.电力系统电压稳定性的动态分析方法综述[J].电力系统及其自动化学报。2003,15(1):105-108
[16]Abe S.Fukunaga Y.,Isono A.,Kondo B.Power System Voltage Stability[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1982,101(10):3830-3840
[17]Qin Wang,Ajjarapu V,Quasi-steady-state Analysis by Using Continuation Method[C],Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,2001,IEEE,2001,3:1300-1304
[18]徐泰山,鲍颜红,薛禹胜等.中期电压稳定的快速仿真算法研究[J].电力系统自动化.2000,24(24):9-11
[19]顾群,徐泰山,陈怡等.中期电压稳定的建模和快速仿真[J].电力系统自动化.1999,23(21):25-28
[20]杨志新.华东电力系统DTS动态全过程仿真的模型和算法[博士学位论文].东南大学.1996
[21]朱凌志,周双喜.电压稳定分析的潮流算法研究[J].电力系统自动化.2000,24(5):1-4
[22]李宏仲,程浩忠,朱振华,李树静.分岔理论在电力系统电压稳定研究中的应用述评[J].继电器.2006,34(4):69-79
[23]徐志友,栾兆文.电压静态稳定性分析及对策[J].电力系统自动化.1994,18(6):30-35
[24]栾兆文,刘玉田,樊涛.电压静态稳定的等效电距离法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报.1999,11(3):41-45
[25]孟海燕.电压稳定指标比较及系统等值的研究[硕士毕业论文].华北电力大学.2005
[26]叶华,刘玉田.基于同步相量和相对电距离的电压静态稳定性评价[J].继电器.2005,33(17):17-20
[27]吴际舜.电力系统静态安全分析[M].上海交通大学出版社.1984
[28]Dy Liacco T E.An On-Line Topological Equivalent of a Power System[J].IEEE Trans.PAS.1978.97(5):1550-1562
[29]李兴源,王秀英.基于静态等值和奇异值分解的快速电压稳定性分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报.2003,23(4):1-4
[30]邱晓燕,李兴源等.电力系统实时等值及电压稳定性分析[J].电网技术.2004,28(7):7-9
[31]王芝茗,王漪,徐敬友等.关键负荷节点集合电网侧戴维南参数预估[J].中国电机工程学报.2002,22(2):16-20
[32]王漪,柳焯.基于戴维南等值的系统参数跟踪估计[J].电网技术.2000,24(11):28-30
[33]文劲宇,吴青华,程时杰,张克元.利用就地测量量进行负荷静态等效的新算法[J].中国电机工程学报.1999,19(10):17-21
[34]李娟,刘修宽,曹国臣,纪延超,柳焯.一种面向节点的电网等值参数跟踪估计方法的研究[J].中国第电机工程学报.2003,23(3):30-33
[35]Borka,Miroslav,Voltage Stability Protection and Control Using a Wide-Area Network of Phasor Measurements[J],IEEE Transaction on Power System,2003,18(1):121-127
[36]Vu,K,Begovic,M.M.,Novosel,D,Saha,M.M,Use of Local Measurements to Estimate Voltage-Stability Margin[J].IEEE Transaction on Power System,1999,14(3):1029-1035
[37]Miroslav,Borka,A Novel Method for Voltage Instability Protection[C].Proceedings of the 35~(th)Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.2002
[38]KESSEL.P,GLAVITSCH H.Estimating the Voltage Stability of a Power System[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery.1986,1(3):479-486
[39]周念成,钟岷秀,徐国禹等.基于电压相量的电力系统电压稳定指标[J].中国电机工程学报.1997,17(6):425-428
[40]Lagonotte P,Sabonnadiere J C,Leost J Y,etal.Structural analysis of the electrical system:application to secondary voltage control in France[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1989,4(2):479-486
[41]Gubina F,Strmcnik B.A simple approach to voltage stability assessment in radial networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1997,17(6):1121-1128
[2]程浩忠.“电力系统电压崩溃研究(上)、(下)”[J],电力系统自动化,1995,19(11.12)
[3]段献忠,何仰赞,陈德树.电力系统电压稳定性的研究现状[J].电网技术.1995,19(4):20-24
[4]CARSON W.TAYLOR.电力系统电压稳定[M].中国电力出版社.2002
[5]Charles Concordia.Voltage Instability:Defination and Concepts.Venice[J],Florida,1987
[6]马尔柯维奇,张钟俊译.动力系统及其运行情况[M],上册.电力工业出版社.1956年5月
[7]段俊东,郭志忠.一种可在线确定电压稳定运行范围的方法[J].中国电机工程学报.2006,26(4):113-118
[8]莫海勇,李林川,刘杨.考虑暂态稳定约束的联络线最大传输功率计算高电压技术[J].2007,33(9):120-124
[9]杨宁,冯治鸿,周双喜.大型电力系统中潮流多解的求取及其应用研究[J].电网技术.1996,5
[10]李兴源,王秀英.基于静态等值和奇异值分解的快速电压稳定性分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报.2003,23(4):1-4
[11]段献忠,袁骏,何仰赞,张德泉.电力系统电压稳定灵敏度分析方法[J].电力系统自动化.1997,21(4):9-12
[12]袁骏,段献忠,何仰赞,石东源.电力系统电压稳定灵敏度分析方法综述[J].电网技术.1997,21(9):7-10
[13]胡东.电力系统电压稳定性研究[硕士学位论文].2004
[14]Ma.W M,Throp J S.An Efficient Algorithm To Locate All The Load Flow Solutions[J].IEEE Trans.On PWRS,1993,8(3)
[15]刘益青,陈超英,梁磊,刘利.电力系统电压稳定性的动态分析方法综述[J].电力系统及其自动化学报。2003,15(1):105-108
[16]Abe S.Fukunaga Y.,Isono A.,Kondo B.Power System Voltage Stability[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1982,101(10):3830-3840
[17]Qin Wang,Ajjarapu V,Quasi-steady-state Analysis by Using Continuation Method[C],Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,2001,IEEE,2001,3:1300-1304
[18]徐泰山,鲍颜红,薛禹胜等.中期电压稳定的快速仿真算法研究[J].电力系统自动化.2000,24(24):9-11
[19]顾群,徐泰山,陈怡等.中期电压稳定的建模和快速仿真[J].电力系统自动化.1999,23(21):25-28
[20]杨志新.华东电力系统DTS动态全过程仿真的模型和算法[博士学位论文].东南大学.1996
[21]朱凌志,周双喜.电压稳定分析的潮流算法研究[J].电力系统自动化.2000,24(5):1-4
[22]李宏仲,程浩忠,朱振华,李树静.分岔理论在电力系统电压稳定研究中的应用述评[J].继电器.2006,34(4):69-79
[23]徐志友,栾兆文.电压静态稳定性分析及对策[J].电力系统自动化.1994,18(6):30-35
[24]栾兆文,刘玉田,樊涛.电压静态稳定的等效电距离法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报.1999,11(3):41-45
[25]孟海燕.电压稳定指标比较及系统等值的研究[硕士毕业论文].华北电力大学.2005
[26]叶华,刘玉田.基于同步相量和相对电距离的电压静态稳定性评价[J].继电器.2005,33(17):17-20
[27]吴际舜.电力系统静态安全分析[M].上海交通大学出版社.1984
[28]Dy Liacco T E.An On-Line Topological Equivalent of a Power System[J].IEEE Trans.PAS.1978.97(5):1550-1562
[29]李兴源,王秀英.基于静态等值和奇异值分解的快速电压稳定性分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报.2003,23(4):1-4
[30]邱晓燕,李兴源等.电力系统实时等值及电压稳定性分析[J].电网技术.2004,28(7):7-9
[31]王芝茗,王漪,徐敬友等.关键负荷节点集合电网侧戴维南参数预估[J].中国电机工程学报.2002,22(2):16-20
[32]王漪,柳焯.基于戴维南等值的系统参数跟踪估计[J].电网技术.2000,24(11):28-30
[33]文劲宇,吴青华,程时杰,张克元.利用就地测量量进行负荷静态等效的新算法[J].中国电机工程学报.1999,19(10):17-21
[34]李娟,刘修宽,曹国臣,纪延超,柳焯.一种面向节点的电网等值参数跟踪估计方法的研究[J].中国第电机工程学报.2003,23(3):30-33
[35]Borka,Miroslav,Voltage Stability Protection and Control Using a Wide-Area Network of Phasor Measurements[J],IEEE Transaction on Power System,2003,18(1):121-127
[36]Vu,K,Begovic,M.M.,Novosel,D,Saha,M.M,Use of Local Measurements to Estimate Voltage-Stability Margin[J].IEEE Transaction on Power System,1999,14(3):1029-1035
[37]Miroslav,Borka,A Novel Method for Voltage Instability Protection[C].Proceedings of the 35~(th)Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.2002
[38]KESSEL.P,GLAVITSCH H.Estimating the Voltage Stability of a Power System[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery.1986,1(3):479-486
[39]周念成,钟岷秀,徐国禹等.基于电压相量的电力系统电压稳定指标[J].中国电机工程学报.1997,17(6):425-428
[40]Lagonotte P,Sabonnadiere J C,Leost J Y,etal.Structural analysis of the electrical system:application to secondary voltage control in France[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1989,4(2):479-486
[41]Gubina F,Strmcnik B.A simple approach to voltage stability assessment in radial networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1997,17(6):1121-1128