网格环境下电力系统暂态稳定裕度的快速算法研究
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摘要
社会与经济的发展对电力的需求日益增加,同时对电力系统的安全稳定性也提出了更高的要求。随着我国西电东送、全国联网战略的实施以及电力市场化的进行,大规模电网的动态安全问题备受科研和工程人员关注。在线动态安全评估的目的是建立高效稳定的电力系统运行保障体系,该体系对电网进行实时监控和仿真分析,提出详尽的动态信息和事故紧急处理建议,有效地增强系统的运行稳定性,对大规模复杂电力系统的实时调度起着至关重要的作用,而稳定裕度作为建立高度稳定和高效率电力系统运行保障体系的重要组成部分,开展电力系统暂态稳定裕度的快速算法研究有着极其重要的现实意义。
目前暂态稳定分析的基本方法主要分为两类:时域仿真法和直接法。时域仿真法能精确地考虑各种复杂模型,基本上可满足电力系统规划、设计和运行过程中所进行的离线暂态稳定分析对计算速度和精度的要求,但在确定系统故障的临界切除时间时必须进行反复试凑,需要较长的计算时间,不能应用于在线稳定性分析,而且根据计算结果只能判断是否稳定,不能给出系统稳定裕度的定量指标。直接法虽然能提供系统稳定裕度,对极限参数计算速度快,可快速扫描系统暂态过程,但它有两个较大的缺点,即采用的模型比较粗略和计算结果具有保守性。混合法的基本思想是把时域仿真法和直接法相结合,充分利用时域仿真法和直接法的双重优点,从而成为目前电力系统暂态稳定评估的最优方案。本文在已有研究成果的基础上提出了基于全局暂态能量函数的新型混合算法,在大量仿真的基础上重点研究了故障后系统全局暂态动能极小值与故障切除时间的关系,并在此基础上提出了用于评估暂态稳定稳定裕度的新算法。在新英格兰系统和2006年末华东电网上的稳定性分析结果证明了该算法的有效性和正确性。
为了加快预想故障集的暂态稳定裕度计算速度,本文还建立了基于Windows XP和消息传递机制(MPI)的PC网格环境,据故障事件进行并行任务划分,提出了基于MPI的暂态稳定裕度并行算法,实际系统的仿真算例表明,稳定裕度计算的并行算法能够取得比较理想的加速比和并行效率,具有广阔的工程应用前景。
The development of society and economic increases the demand of electric power with more stabiliy in power system. With the implement of the stratagy that power generates from west to east,networking and power market in China,the issue of dynamic security in large-scale power grid has been attentioned by researchers and engineering personnel. The purpose of on-line dynamic security assessment is to build an efficient, stable and protective architecture of power system operation. The architecture is set to monitor and simulate real time operation of power grid, propose dynamic information in details, suggestions of emergency treat, and efficiently enhance the stability, which is crucial to real time dispatching of large-scale power system. Stability margin is considered as a vital section of the protective architecture, the study on fast algorithm to calculate the transient stability margin of power system have been far reaching in reality.
The basic method of transient stability analysis includes time domain method and direct method. Time domain method is adopted to precisely deal with all models in power system, which can nearly satisfy the requirement of the off-line computing speed and accuracy during the period of design ,planning and the operation of power system, but critical clearing time has to be obtained by repetitive computing, which requires long time enough and is not fit for on-line stability analysis, moreover, time domain method can tell yes or no,but it can not provide the stability margin. Direct method can supply the stability margin of system ,fast scan extreme parameters and the transient course, but it has two drawbacks, that is the rough models and the conservative result. Hybrid method mingles time domain method with direct method and becomes the best scheme of transient stability assessment in power system. Upon the previous scientific outcomes, this thesis presents a new hybrid algorithm based on Total transient energy function. The variation characteristic of the minimum of total transient kinetic energy in the post-fault duration for a contingency versus fault clearing times has been studied by vast scale simulation. Based upon the above characteristic,a novel approach for transient stability assessment is proposed. Case studies on the New England test power system and East China power grid in 2006 are presented to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the new approach for stability margin estimate.
To improve the speed of computing the transient stability margin of potential contingencies, the PC grid environment based on Windows XP and MPI is established. according to the contingencies, the parallel algorithm of transient stability margin based on MPI is presented. Cases studies on practical system indicate that the parallel algorithm of stability margin can get ideal speedup and parallel efficiency and owe extensive prospect of engineering application.
目前暂态稳定分析的基本方法主要分为两类:时域仿真法和直接法。时域仿真法能精确地考虑各种复杂模型,基本上可满足电力系统规划、设计和运行过程中所进行的离线暂态稳定分析对计算速度和精度的要求,但在确定系统故障的临界切除时间时必须进行反复试凑,需要较长的计算时间,不能应用于在线稳定性分析,而且根据计算结果只能判断是否稳定,不能给出系统稳定裕度的定量指标。直接法虽然能提供系统稳定裕度,对极限参数计算速度快,可快速扫描系统暂态过程,但它有两个较大的缺点,即采用的模型比较粗略和计算结果具有保守性。混合法的基本思想是把时域仿真法和直接法相结合,充分利用时域仿真法和直接法的双重优点,从而成为目前电力系统暂态稳定评估的最优方案。本文在已有研究成果的基础上提出了基于全局暂态能量函数的新型混合算法,在大量仿真的基础上重点研究了故障后系统全局暂态动能极小值与故障切除时间的关系,并在此基础上提出了用于评估暂态稳定稳定裕度的新算法。在新英格兰系统和2006年末华东电网上的稳定性分析结果证明了该算法的有效性和正确性。
为了加快预想故障集的暂态稳定裕度计算速度,本文还建立了基于Windows XP和消息传递机制(MPI)的PC网格环境,据故障事件进行并行任务划分,提出了基于MPI的暂态稳定裕度并行算法,实际系统的仿真算例表明,稳定裕度计算的并行算法能够取得比较理想的加速比和并行效率,具有广阔的工程应用前景。
The development of society and economic increases the demand of electric power with more stabiliy in power system. With the implement of the stratagy that power generates from west to east,networking and power market in China,the issue of dynamic security in large-scale power grid has been attentioned by researchers and engineering personnel. The purpose of on-line dynamic security assessment is to build an efficient, stable and protective architecture of power system operation. The architecture is set to monitor and simulate real time operation of power grid, propose dynamic information in details, suggestions of emergency treat, and efficiently enhance the stability, which is crucial to real time dispatching of large-scale power system. Stability margin is considered as a vital section of the protective architecture, the study on fast algorithm to calculate the transient stability margin of power system have been far reaching in reality.
The basic method of transient stability analysis includes time domain method and direct method. Time domain method is adopted to precisely deal with all models in power system, which can nearly satisfy the requirement of the off-line computing speed and accuracy during the period of design ,planning and the operation of power system, but critical clearing time has to be obtained by repetitive computing, which requires long time enough and is not fit for on-line stability analysis, moreover, time domain method can tell yes or no,but it can not provide the stability margin. Direct method can supply the stability margin of system ,fast scan extreme parameters and the transient course, but it has two drawbacks, that is the rough models and the conservative result. Hybrid method mingles time domain method with direct method and becomes the best scheme of transient stability assessment in power system. Upon the previous scientific outcomes, this thesis presents a new hybrid algorithm based on Total transient energy function. The variation characteristic of the minimum of total transient kinetic energy in the post-fault duration for a contingency versus fault clearing times has been studied by vast scale simulation. Based upon the above characteristic,a novel approach for transient stability assessment is proposed. Case studies on the New England test power system and East China power grid in 2006 are presented to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the new approach for stability margin estimate.
To improve the speed of computing the transient stability margin of potential contingencies, the PC grid environment based on Windows XP and MPI is established. according to the contingencies, the parallel algorithm of transient stability margin based on MPI is presented. Cases studies on practical system indicate that the parallel algorithm of stability margin can get ideal speedup and parallel efficiency and owe extensive prospect of engineering application.
引文
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