能源电力建设项目网络组合管理体系构建及实证研究
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摘要
随着我国大力发展“低碳经济”和加快推进“西部大开发”战略,我国的西部地区在能源电力建设领域迎来前所未有的机遇。各大国有发电集团、甚至民间资本为代表的投资人纷纷以此为契机,进入甘肃、内蒙等西部地区,进行能源项目建设。同时上马多个项目成为常态,这对企业多项目管理能力提出了新的考验。项目组合管理的相关理念是目前解决企业多项目管理的重要方法和手段,但是目前国内对能源电力建设项目的项目管理的研究往往针对企业的战略组合、项目优选等,少有同时考虑企业战略层的战略组合、管理层的项目优选、实施过程的资源优化的相关研究。对于集团企业来说,如何保证选择的项目符合自己的战略目标,如何对选择的项目进行组合和优化,如何保证项目组合资源的优化调度,如何实现庞大的项目组合的信息沟通等都是管理上遇到的问题,这些将是本研究关注的问题。
本文从当前我国西部地区能源电力建设项目的实际情况出发,在研究了大量的项目组合管理相关理论成果的基础上,提出了能源建设项目网络组合管理的思想。网络组合管理是指由企业战略目标组合和组合管理资源优化形成的管理体系,该体系的核心思想是战略一致性,对企业的生产经营活动进行纵向和横向管控,纵向从上至下将企业战略目标逐层分解,逐层细化,从下至上将实施情况逐层反馈,及时调控；横向打通各部门之间的联系,基于企业战略分析企业资源,在企业各项目间实现资源的合理配置。网络项目组合管理可以采用考虑战略层、管理层、实施层的网络组合管理体系。但是由于能源电力建设项目的特殊性,对其进行组合管理侧重点和组合管理方法必定存在较大的差异。
首先,本文梳理了适合网络组合管理的相关方法和理论。以前期决策和执行管理这两个项目管理的核心部分为着眼点进行深入分析,分别从决策流程、决策模型、资源优化三个方面论述了能源项目组合决策的具体方法、流程,提出了网络组合管理WBS以及项目组合目标风险控制总体流程,结合能源电力建设项目的特点以及工程项目管理知识,讨论了网络组合决策模型的项目组合选择及优选评价方法,基于约束理论、关键链理论、时间缓冲理论提出了资源优化配置和调度的方法。通过项目组合选择以及项目组合优选评价建立了能源建设项目网络组合决策模型。
然后,建立项目网络组合管理体系,即构建能源电力建设项目组合管理纵横向网络。纵向联系即能源建设企业的管理层级(战略层→管理层→实施层),使投资主体高层次的目标不断向低层次的目标延伸,并详细论述了网络组合中不同层级的管理要点和重点,以及不同层级组合管理所适应的相关方法。三层次的组合管理分别具有其不同的侧重点和组合管理方法。战略层重视战略,管理层重视项目的优选,实施层重视多个项目实施过程中的资源优化。横向联系即能源建设项目关系,在各项目(集)的目标与目标之间、项目与项目之间、项目集与项目集之间构建联系。
再者,为了保障能源电力建设项目网络组合管理体系的运行,进一步探讨了组合管理体系的管理体制和运行机制,首先构建项目组合管理的组织机构并分析各部门主要职责,具体包括项目网络组合组织结构的职责分析及设计；然后依据网络组合管理的特点将管理过程划分为不同阶段,进行项目网络组合管理模式分析及流程化设计；并配合该管理模式设计了相应的运行机制,相应的网络组合管理运行保障机制,包括对协调机制、风险预警机制、动态绩效评价机制。
为了将网络组合管理模式在实践项目中得以应用,本文在理论研究的基础上提出了能源建设项目网络组合管理信息化平台的设计方案,以期实现项目流程的自动化管理,提高企业管理者对多项目管理的效率,增强企业项目执行力。具体包括系统总体结构设计、数据仓库设计以及平台功能模块设计。首先,对能源建设项目网络组合管理信息化平台的总体结构设计思路以及网络架构进行设计,运用先进的数据库技术,对项目组合管理的各个方面进行全面的分析和掌控,为项目组织从整体上把握和管理项目组合提供有力的支持,分析该体系总体的结构和功能；其次利用商务智能的设计方法,对该系统平台数据库进行介绍；然后,设计了系统平台功能模块以及操作流程、以及系统平台的特点,以期实现能源建设项目网络组合管理的信息化和网络组合管理。
最后以华电内蒙能源建设项目为例,对能源电力建设项目组合管理进行了实证研究。首先分析了内蒙古自治区的能源资源储量状况和能源消费状况,从而说明了内蒙古自治区发展新能源项目的优势。进而以内蒙古华电能源有限公司为例,在分析内蒙古自治区的整体状况的基础上,说明该企业网络组合管理的实施过程,分别阐述了项目网络组合决策时,在战略层、管理层和实施层所使用的项目组合方法。论述了在实施层对不同项目之间的资源调度管理方法。最终实现战略层的一致性,实现管理层的具体项目优选,实现实施层项目资源优化与调度,充分论证了横纵结合的能源电力建设项目网络组合管理体系在实际项目中的应用效果。
With the development of low-carbon economy and the accelerate of western development strategy, China's western region has an unprecedented opportunity in the field of energy construction. The investors like major state-owned power generation groups and even private capital group have this as an opportunity to enter the energy construction of Gansu, Inner Mongolia and other western provinces. And launching a number of projects at the same time becomes the norm. This situation proposes a new test for enterprise's multi-project management capabilities.Project portfolio management philosophy is an important method and means to solve enterprise's multi-project management. However, currently the researches on energy construction projects's multi-project management are still lacking in domestic. The trail in management methods becomes the biggest bottleneck that restricts the development of enterprises. For investors, how to ensure that the selected projects are in line with their strategic objectives, how to combine and optimize the projects that have been selected, how to ensure the stable operation of project portfolio management, how to control portfolio risk, and how to achieve the communication of a large project portfolio management are all the problems in management. This study will focus on and solve these problems.
Starting from the actual situation of the current energy construction projects in Chinese western region, this paper proposes the idea of the portfolio management of energy construction project network at the base of a large number of researches about project portfolio management. Focused on early decision-making and implementation management, the two major parts of project management, this paper discusses the flow of energy project portfolio decision from the decision-making process, the decision-making model, resource optimization respectively, and proposes objective control method of project portfolio decision based on the the WBS.
Firstly, this paper combs for grid portfolio management related methods and theories. Focused on early decision-making and implementation management, the two major parts of project management, this paper discusses the flow of energy project portfolio decision from the decision-making process, the decision-making model, resource optimization respectively, and proposes objective control method of project portfolio decision based on the construction five goals, project grid portfolio management WBS and project portfolio risk target control the overall process. It combines with the characteristics of energy power projects and project management knowledge, and discusses the grid portfolio decision model and project portfolio preferred selection and evaluation method. Based on the theory of constraints, critical chain theory and the time buffer theory, it proposes resource optimal allocation and scheduling approach. By project portfolio selection and evaluation it is preferable to establish a network of energy projects portfolio decision model.
Then, this paper sets up the project network portfolio management system, building vertical and horizontal network. Vertical contact is the targets WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) based on the cascade targets of Huadian Mongolia energy (strategic level→management level→implementation level).The vertical contact decomposes the high-level goals of investment entities gradually extend to the low-level goals. And it discusses in detail the key points of different levels in network management, as well as the relevant methods adapt to different levels. Three levels of portfolio management each have their different focus and approach to portfolio management. The strategic level focuses on strategic. The management level emphasis on preference. The implementation level emphasis management during the project process, such as resource scheduling optimization. The horizontal contact is the contact among various project goals, different projects and project sets based on the project portfolio management of Huadian Mongolia Energy.
Furthermore, in order to protect the operation of energy construction project grid portfolio management system, this paper discusses the management system and operational mechanism of the portfolio management system further. Firstly, it builds the project portfolio management organization and analyzes the main responsibilities of various departments, including the responsibilities analysis and design of project network portfolio's organization structure. And then based on the characteristics of the portfolio grid management the process is divided into different stages, so as project grid portfolio management mode analysis and process design. As well as the design of project network portfolio management operation safeguard mechanism which covers the coordination mechanisms, risk warning mechanism and the dynamic performance evaluation mechanism.
To apply the grid portfolio management mode in practical projects, this paper designs energy construction projects grid portfolio management information platform on the basis of theoretical studies. Through the platform we hope to achieve the automation management of projects process, to improve multi-projects management efficiency and enhance projects execution. The platform includes the design of system's overall structure, data warehouse design and platform features modular design. Firstly, the overall structure and network architecture of energy construction project grid portfolio management information platform are designed. It applies advanced database technology to analyze and control all aspects of the project portfolio management. This provides strong support for project organization to hold and manage project portfolio, analyze the overall structure and function of the system. Secondly, business intelligence design is presented to introduce the system's database. Then, the system platform function modules, operation processes and the features of system platform are introduced, in order to achieve the information management and portfolio management of energy construction projects grid portfolio management.
Eventually, this paper takes Huadian Mongolia company's energy construction projects for example to carry out the case study. First of all, Mongolia Autonomous Region's energy reserve condition and energy consumption status are analyzed to show the Mongolia Autonomous Region's advantage to develop new energy projects. Furthermore, this paper takes Huadian Mongolia wind and solar power demonstration project as an example, to indicate the implementation process of the enterprise's projects portfolio. Combined with the actual situation of Mongolia Autonomous Region and energy power projects to be developed, the projects portfolio optimization methods in management level and implementation level are elaborated. Finally, the resource scheduling management method in implementation level is introduced. Ultimately, strategic level achieves the Group's strategic coherence, the management level achieves the project optimization, the implementation level achieves project resource scheduling optimization, full revealing the application situation of energy power construction projects grid portfolio management system in the actual projects.
本文从当前我国西部地区能源电力建设项目的实际情况出发,在研究了大量的项目组合管理相关理论成果的基础上,提出了能源建设项目网络组合管理的思想。网络组合管理是指由企业战略目标组合和组合管理资源优化形成的管理体系,该体系的核心思想是战略一致性,对企业的生产经营活动进行纵向和横向管控,纵向从上至下将企业战略目标逐层分解,逐层细化,从下至上将实施情况逐层反馈,及时调控；横向打通各部门之间的联系,基于企业战略分析企业资源,在企业各项目间实现资源的合理配置。网络项目组合管理可以采用考虑战略层、管理层、实施层的网络组合管理体系。但是由于能源电力建设项目的特殊性,对其进行组合管理侧重点和组合管理方法必定存在较大的差异。
首先,本文梳理了适合网络组合管理的相关方法和理论。以前期决策和执行管理这两个项目管理的核心部分为着眼点进行深入分析,分别从决策流程、决策模型、资源优化三个方面论述了能源项目组合决策的具体方法、流程,提出了网络组合管理WBS以及项目组合目标风险控制总体流程,结合能源电力建设项目的特点以及工程项目管理知识,讨论了网络组合决策模型的项目组合选择及优选评价方法,基于约束理论、关键链理论、时间缓冲理论提出了资源优化配置和调度的方法。通过项目组合选择以及项目组合优选评价建立了能源建设项目网络组合决策模型。
然后,建立项目网络组合管理体系,即构建能源电力建设项目组合管理纵横向网络。纵向联系即能源建设企业的管理层级(战略层→管理层→实施层),使投资主体高层次的目标不断向低层次的目标延伸,并详细论述了网络组合中不同层级的管理要点和重点,以及不同层级组合管理所适应的相关方法。三层次的组合管理分别具有其不同的侧重点和组合管理方法。战略层重视战略,管理层重视项目的优选,实施层重视多个项目实施过程中的资源优化。横向联系即能源建设项目关系,在各项目(集)的目标与目标之间、项目与项目之间、项目集与项目集之间构建联系。
再者,为了保障能源电力建设项目网络组合管理体系的运行,进一步探讨了组合管理体系的管理体制和运行机制,首先构建项目组合管理的组织机构并分析各部门主要职责,具体包括项目网络组合组织结构的职责分析及设计；然后依据网络组合管理的特点将管理过程划分为不同阶段,进行项目网络组合管理模式分析及流程化设计；并配合该管理模式设计了相应的运行机制,相应的网络组合管理运行保障机制,包括对协调机制、风险预警机制、动态绩效评价机制。
为了将网络组合管理模式在实践项目中得以应用,本文在理论研究的基础上提出了能源建设项目网络组合管理信息化平台的设计方案,以期实现项目流程的自动化管理,提高企业管理者对多项目管理的效率,增强企业项目执行力。具体包括系统总体结构设计、数据仓库设计以及平台功能模块设计。首先,对能源建设项目网络组合管理信息化平台的总体结构设计思路以及网络架构进行设计,运用先进的数据库技术,对项目组合管理的各个方面进行全面的分析和掌控,为项目组织从整体上把握和管理项目组合提供有力的支持,分析该体系总体的结构和功能；其次利用商务智能的设计方法,对该系统平台数据库进行介绍；然后,设计了系统平台功能模块以及操作流程、以及系统平台的特点,以期实现能源建设项目网络组合管理的信息化和网络组合管理。
最后以华电内蒙能源建设项目为例,对能源电力建设项目组合管理进行了实证研究。首先分析了内蒙古自治区的能源资源储量状况和能源消费状况,从而说明了内蒙古自治区发展新能源项目的优势。进而以内蒙古华电能源有限公司为例,在分析内蒙古自治区的整体状况的基础上,说明该企业网络组合管理的实施过程,分别阐述了项目网络组合决策时,在战略层、管理层和实施层所使用的项目组合方法。论述了在实施层对不同项目之间的资源调度管理方法。最终实现战略层的一致性,实现管理层的具体项目优选,实现实施层项目资源优化与调度,充分论证了横纵结合的能源电力建设项目网络组合管理体系在实际项目中的应用效果。
With the development of low-carbon economy and the accelerate of western development strategy, China's western region has an unprecedented opportunity in the field of energy construction. The investors like major state-owned power generation groups and even private capital group have this as an opportunity to enter the energy construction of Gansu, Inner Mongolia and other western provinces. And launching a number of projects at the same time becomes the norm. This situation proposes a new test for enterprise's multi-project management capabilities.Project portfolio management philosophy is an important method and means to solve enterprise's multi-project management. However, currently the researches on energy construction projects's multi-project management are still lacking in domestic. The trail in management methods becomes the biggest bottleneck that restricts the development of enterprises. For investors, how to ensure that the selected projects are in line with their strategic objectives, how to combine and optimize the projects that have been selected, how to ensure the stable operation of project portfolio management, how to control portfolio risk, and how to achieve the communication of a large project portfolio management are all the problems in management. This study will focus on and solve these problems.
Starting from the actual situation of the current energy construction projects in Chinese western region, this paper proposes the idea of the portfolio management of energy construction project network at the base of a large number of researches about project portfolio management. Focused on early decision-making and implementation management, the two major parts of project management, this paper discusses the flow of energy project portfolio decision from the decision-making process, the decision-making model, resource optimization respectively, and proposes objective control method of project portfolio decision based on the the WBS.
Firstly, this paper combs for grid portfolio management related methods and theories. Focused on early decision-making and implementation management, the two major parts of project management, this paper discusses the flow of energy project portfolio decision from the decision-making process, the decision-making model, resource optimization respectively, and proposes objective control method of project portfolio decision based on the construction five goals, project grid portfolio management WBS and project portfolio risk target control the overall process. It combines with the characteristics of energy power projects and project management knowledge, and discusses the grid portfolio decision model and project portfolio preferred selection and evaluation method. Based on the theory of constraints, critical chain theory and the time buffer theory, it proposes resource optimal allocation and scheduling approach. By project portfolio selection and evaluation it is preferable to establish a network of energy projects portfolio decision model.
Then, this paper sets up the project network portfolio management system, building vertical and horizontal network. Vertical contact is the targets WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) based on the cascade targets of Huadian Mongolia energy (strategic level→management level→implementation level).The vertical contact decomposes the high-level goals of investment entities gradually extend to the low-level goals. And it discusses in detail the key points of different levels in network management, as well as the relevant methods adapt to different levels. Three levels of portfolio management each have their different focus and approach to portfolio management. The strategic level focuses on strategic. The management level emphasis on preference. The implementation level emphasis management during the project process, such as resource scheduling optimization. The horizontal contact is the contact among various project goals, different projects and project sets based on the project portfolio management of Huadian Mongolia Energy.
Furthermore, in order to protect the operation of energy construction project grid portfolio management system, this paper discusses the management system and operational mechanism of the portfolio management system further. Firstly, it builds the project portfolio management organization and analyzes the main responsibilities of various departments, including the responsibilities analysis and design of project network portfolio's organization structure. And then based on the characteristics of the portfolio grid management the process is divided into different stages, so as project grid portfolio management mode analysis and process design. As well as the design of project network portfolio management operation safeguard mechanism which covers the coordination mechanisms, risk warning mechanism and the dynamic performance evaluation mechanism.
To apply the grid portfolio management mode in practical projects, this paper designs energy construction projects grid portfolio management information platform on the basis of theoretical studies. Through the platform we hope to achieve the automation management of projects process, to improve multi-projects management efficiency and enhance projects execution. The platform includes the design of system's overall structure, data warehouse design and platform features modular design. Firstly, the overall structure and network architecture of energy construction project grid portfolio management information platform are designed. It applies advanced database technology to analyze and control all aspects of the project portfolio management. This provides strong support for project organization to hold and manage project portfolio, analyze the overall structure and function of the system. Secondly, business intelligence design is presented to introduce the system's database. Then, the system platform function modules, operation processes and the features of system platform are introduced, in order to achieve the information management and portfolio management of energy construction projects grid portfolio management.
Eventually, this paper takes Huadian Mongolia company's energy construction projects for example to carry out the case study. First of all, Mongolia Autonomous Region's energy reserve condition and energy consumption status are analyzed to show the Mongolia Autonomous Region's advantage to develop new energy projects. Furthermore, this paper takes Huadian Mongolia wind and solar power demonstration project as an example, to indicate the implementation process of the enterprise's projects portfolio. Combined with the actual situation of Mongolia Autonomous Region and energy power projects to be developed, the projects portfolio optimization methods in management level and implementation level are elaborated. Finally, the resource scheduling management method in implementation level is introduced. Ultimately, strategic level achieves the Group's strategic coherence, the management level achieves the project optimization, the implementation level achieves project resource scheduling optimization, full revealing the application situation of energy power construction projects grid portfolio management system in the actual projects.
引文
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