第四方物流企业核心竞争力研究
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摘要
我国目前正逐渐成为“世界制造中心”,而作为“第三利润源”的物流已经成为社会经济发展的“瓶颈”。2004年我国社会物流总成本达2.9万亿元,占GDP的21%,远远高于发达国家水平,造成社会资源和财富的极大浪费。第四方物流满足整个社会物流系统的要求,能够最大限度地整合社会物流资源,减少物流时间,提高物流效率,还可以减少环境污染。核心竞争力理论关注于企业内部的知识积累、资源整合和潜力挖掘,是企业企业获取竞争优势、增强竞争力的根基和关键。以核心竞争力理论为基础来研究第四方物流企业,为第四方物流企业自身的发展方向引入了新的理念。
本文首先对核心竞争力基础理论研究的发展历程进行了回顾总结,同时分析了企业核心竞争力的研究体系,为后面的研究构建基本的理论框架。然后对第四方物流企业发展历程和现状进行了研究和分析,通过对第四方物流企业的内涵和发展驱动力的分析,阐明了培育核心竞争力是第四方物流企业在竞争中谋求发展的必然要求。在此基础上,本文选取了10家第四方物流企业作为研究对象,结合第四方物流的产业特征,建立了竞争力评价指标体系,采用突变模糊隶属函数法,对研究对象进行了综合评价,并利用统计学方法结合核心竞争力理论的定性分析,对结果做出了解释和判断,并以其中一个企业为例说明了构建核心竞争力的重要性。文章的最后,对第四方物流企业如何构建与培育核心竞争力提出了建议,并指出在具体操作过程中应注意的问题。
At present, our country is becoming "the world's manufacture center". However, as "the third benefit source", logistics turns out to be the "bottle neck" of social economic development. In 2004, the total cost of logistics in China is 2,900 billion yuan, covering 21% of the GDP, which is rather higher than that of developed countries. It wastes a lot social resource and wealth. Fourth party logistics meets the need of logistics system, integrate social logistics resource in the largest degree, shorten logistics time, improve efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. Core competence theory concentrates on collective learning, coordinative resources and potentialities in the corporation, which introduced new ideas about competition and development to the fourth party logistics enterprises.
This paper firstly looked back and summarized the course of study on the core competence theory, and composed a theory frame for the following research. Then the paper investigated and analyzed the evolution of fourth logistics enterprises, which suggested that it was necessary for the fourth logistics enterprises to cultivate core competence in the global competition. Based on the characters of fourth party logistics industry, the paper set up an evaluation index system. And then 10 fourth logistics enterprises picked up were evaluated synthetically with catastrophe progression method. The results were explained quantified and qualified by statistics method and core competence theory.. Finally, the paper proposed detailed suggestion and measures to foster and promote core competence for the fourth logistics enterprises as well as the key problems during the execution.
本文首先对核心竞争力基础理论研究的发展历程进行了回顾总结,同时分析了企业核心竞争力的研究体系,为后面的研究构建基本的理论框架。然后对第四方物流企业发展历程和现状进行了研究和分析,通过对第四方物流企业的内涵和发展驱动力的分析,阐明了培育核心竞争力是第四方物流企业在竞争中谋求发展的必然要求。在此基础上,本文选取了10家第四方物流企业作为研究对象,结合第四方物流的产业特征,建立了竞争力评价指标体系,采用突变模糊隶属函数法,对研究对象进行了综合评价,并利用统计学方法结合核心竞争力理论的定性分析,对结果做出了解释和判断,并以其中一个企业为例说明了构建核心竞争力的重要性。文章的最后,对第四方物流企业如何构建与培育核心竞争力提出了建议,并指出在具体操作过程中应注意的问题。
At present, our country is becoming "the world's manufacture center". However, as "the third benefit source", logistics turns out to be the "bottle neck" of social economic development. In 2004, the total cost of logistics in China is 2,900 billion yuan, covering 21% of the GDP, which is rather higher than that of developed countries. It wastes a lot social resource and wealth. Fourth party logistics meets the need of logistics system, integrate social logistics resource in the largest degree, shorten logistics time, improve efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. Core competence theory concentrates on collective learning, coordinative resources and potentialities in the corporation, which introduced new ideas about competition and development to the fourth party logistics enterprises.
This paper firstly looked back and summarized the course of study on the core competence theory, and composed a theory frame for the following research. Then the paper investigated and analyzed the evolution of fourth logistics enterprises, which suggested that it was necessary for the fourth logistics enterprises to cultivate core competence in the global competition. Based on the characters of fourth party logistics industry, the paper set up an evaluation index system. And then 10 fourth logistics enterprises picked up were evaluated synthetically with catastrophe progression method. The results were explained quantified and qualified by statistics method and core competence theory.. Finally, the paper proposed detailed suggestion and measures to foster and promote core competence for the fourth logistics enterprises as well as the key problems during the execution.
引文
[1]Michael E.Porter,《竞争战略》,陈小悦译,第一版,1997,华夏出版社
[2]Michael E.Porter,《竞争优势》,陈小悦译,第一版,1997,华夏出版社
[3]Hefeez,Core Competence for Sustainable Cometitive Advantage:A Structured Methodology for Identifying Core Competence.Transaction Engineering Management,2002.49(1):28-35
[4]翟树芹.基于模糊综合评价方法的第三方物流企业核心竞争力研究:[硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2005.10
[5]王永贵,《21世纪企业制胜方略--构筑动态竞争优势》,第一版,2001,机械工业出版社,1-72[2]
[6]约翰·盖特纳.战略供应链联盟.北京:经济管理出版社,2003
[7]宋华.整合供应链服务提供商--第四方物流、经济理论与经济管理.2003(8):41-44
[8]徐瑛、高瑾.第四方物流应用层次与运作模型的研究.物流科技,2005.
[9]Sunhil Chopra,Peter Mendl.Supply Chain Management,Strategy,Planning and Operation.Pearson Education Internation,2004
[10]Anonymous.4~(th) party logistics solution[EB/OL]
[11]欧阳文霞.中国第四方物流运作模式探讨.物流平台,2006,(06)
[12]赵广华.赢在供应链-第四方物流.经济管理出版社,2006,(12).
[13]C.K.Prahalad and Gary Hamel,The Core Competence of the Corporation,Harvard Business Review,1990,No.5-6,79-91
[14]何平、赵子都,《突变理论及其应用》,第一版,1989,大连理工大学出版社
[15]都兴富,《突变理论在经济领域中的应用》(下),第一版,1994,电子科技大学出版社
[16]资料来源:陈劲、王毅、许庆瑞国外核心竞争力研究综述 《科研管理》 19995-18
[17]Thom,R.,《突变论:思想和应用》,周仲良译,第一版,1989,上海译文出版社
[18]Arnold,V.I.,《突变理论》周燕华译,第一版,1990,高等教育出版社
[19]何平、赵子都,《突变理论及其应用》,第一版,1989,大连理工大学出版社
[20]都兴富,《突变理论在经济领域中的应用》(下),第一版,1994,电子科技大学出版社
[21]李洪兴、汪培庄,《模糊数学》,第一版,1994,国防工业出版社
[22]陈劲、王毅、许庆瑞,国外核心竞争力研究综述,《科研管理》,1999,5期,5-18
[23]秦宁生,核心竞争力:中国企业发展的战略选择,《理论月刊》,2003,6期,124-126
[24]王 兆善,变自然垄断优势为核心竞争优势--中国铁路应对WTO的思考,《理论学习与探索》,2003,1期,70-71
[25]WEF,《关于竞争力的报告》,1985
[26]刘菊星,企业的核心能力综述,《西交通大学学报》,2001,35卷(12期),11-13
[27]唐光辉,企业核心能力的识别、培育和评价,《商业研究》,2002,3期(下月版),29-30
[28]许国齐,段洪彬,企业核心竞争力评价指标体系研究,《河北省科学院学报》,2003,Vol.20,N0.1.5-9
[29]蓝海林,核心专长的分析与确认,《企业管理》,2000,3期,34-36
[30]都兴富,多目标评价决策的突变数学模型--突变级数法,《管理技术》,23-28
[31]王小亭,突变理论在企业管理中的应用探讨,《上海机械学院学报》,1989,11卷(4期),79-84
[32]朱顺泉,基于突变级数法的上市公司绩效综合评价研究,《系统工程理论与实践》,2002,2期,90-94
[33]田盈,基于突变理论的企业信用等级评价模型,《重庆示范学院学报(自然科学版)》,17卷增刊(6期)
[34]黄亦龙,突变级数法在水资源持续利用评价中的应用,《干旱环境监测》,2001,Vol.15,No.3,167-170
[35]张中强.初探第四方物流.技术经济,2003(10)
[36]朱道立.物流和供应链管理.上海:复旦大学出版社,2001
[37]艾伦·哈里森.物流管理与战略.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[38]杨宝军.第四方物流剖析.工业工程与管理,2003(3)
[39]戴哲斌.供应链外包的未来:第四方物流.港口物流,2004(2)
[40]田张新.将物流规划功能外包-第四方物流.上海综合经济,2001(10)
[41]李虹.第四方物流在我国的发展与应用.北京邮电大学学报,2003(4)
[42]刘莉.中国第四方物流运作模式初探.现代物流,2001(12)
[43]文海旭.第四方物流在中国施行的现实性论证.软科学,2003(5)
[44]薛东熠.浅论第四方物流企业的核心竞争力.江苏商论,2003(5)
[45]姜灵敏.第四方物流供应链服务创新的主题.商业研究,2003(20)
[46]冉净斐.第四方物流整合供应链.商业研究,2004(6)
[47]《物流技术与应用》编辑部.中国物流发展蓝皮书(2002).北京:《物流技术与应用》编辑部,2003
[48]徐建新.供应链管理的新模式-第四方物流.决策借鉴,2002(2)
[49] Tate, Karen. The Elements of a Successful Logistics Partner ship. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 2000. (2)
[50] ISL Shipping Statistics Yearbook Germany: Institute of Shipping and Logistics,1980-2002
[51] Graham R.J., Selizer J., An Application of Catastrophe Theory to Management Science Process, OMEGA, 1979, Vol. 7, No. 1, 61-66
[52] C. K. Prahalad and Bettis, R., The Dominant Logic: A New Linkage between Diversity and Performance, Strategic Management Journal, 1986, No. 7, 485-501
[53] Leonard Barton, D., Core Capabilities and Core Rigidities: A Paradox in Managing New Product Development, Strategic Management Journal, 1992, Vol.13, Summer Special Issue, 111-125
[54] Barney, J. B., Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage, Journal of Management, 1991, No. 17, 99-120
[55] Ron · Sewell. The Core Competence. http://ww. hxph. com, 2003
[56] Taylor, David. Global Cases in logistics and supply Chain Management. London:International Thomson Business Press, 2001
[57] Donald Waters. Global Logistics and Distribution Planning. Baca Raton, Florida:CRC Press, 1999
[58] Dorothy Leonard. Building and Sustaining the source of innovation. Harvard Business School Press, Boston Masschusetts, 2000
[59] Janne Huiskonen. Lateral coordination in a logistics outsourcing relationship.International journal of production economies, 2002, (78):175—180.
[2]Michael E.Porter,《竞争优势》,陈小悦译,第一版,1997,华夏出版社
[3]Hefeez,Core Competence for Sustainable Cometitive Advantage:A Structured Methodology for Identifying Core Competence.Transaction Engineering Management,2002.49(1):28-35
[4]翟树芹.基于模糊综合评价方法的第三方物流企业核心竞争力研究:[硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2005.10
[5]王永贵,《21世纪企业制胜方略--构筑动态竞争优势》,第一版,2001,机械工业出版社,1-72[2]
[6]约翰·盖特纳.战略供应链联盟.北京:经济管理出版社,2003
[7]宋华.整合供应链服务提供商--第四方物流、经济理论与经济管理.2003(8):41-44
[8]徐瑛、高瑾.第四方物流应用层次与运作模型的研究.物流科技,2005.
[9]Sunhil Chopra,Peter Mendl.Supply Chain Management,Strategy,Planning and Operation.Pearson Education Internation,2004
[10]Anonymous.4~(th) party logistics solution[EB/OL]
[11]欧阳文霞.中国第四方物流运作模式探讨.物流平台,2006,(06)
[12]赵广华.赢在供应链-第四方物流.经济管理出版社,2006,(12).
[13]C.K.Prahalad and Gary Hamel,The Core Competence of the Corporation,Harvard Business Review,1990,No.5-6,79-91
[14]何平、赵子都,《突变理论及其应用》,第一版,1989,大连理工大学出版社
[15]都兴富,《突变理论在经济领域中的应用》(下),第一版,1994,电子科技大学出版社
[16]资料来源:陈劲、王毅、许庆瑞国外核心竞争力研究综述 《科研管理》 19995-18
[17]Thom,R.,《突变论:思想和应用》,周仲良译,第一版,1989,上海译文出版社
[18]Arnold,V.I.,《突变理论》周燕华译,第一版,1990,高等教育出版社
[19]何平、赵子都,《突变理论及其应用》,第一版,1989,大连理工大学出版社
[20]都兴富,《突变理论在经济领域中的应用》(下),第一版,1994,电子科技大学出版社
[21]李洪兴、汪培庄,《模糊数学》,第一版,1994,国防工业出版社
[22]陈劲、王毅、许庆瑞,国外核心竞争力研究综述,《科研管理》,1999,5期,5-18
[23]秦宁生,核心竞争力:中国企业发展的战略选择,《理论月刊》,2003,6期,124-126
[24]王 兆善,变自然垄断优势为核心竞争优势--中国铁路应对WTO的思考,《理论学习与探索》,2003,1期,70-71
[25]WEF,《关于竞争力的报告》,1985
[26]刘菊星,企业的核心能力综述,《西交通大学学报》,2001,35卷(12期),11-13
[27]唐光辉,企业核心能力的识别、培育和评价,《商业研究》,2002,3期(下月版),29-30
[28]许国齐,段洪彬,企业核心竞争力评价指标体系研究,《河北省科学院学报》,2003,Vol.20,N0.1.5-9
[29]蓝海林,核心专长的分析与确认,《企业管理》,2000,3期,34-36
[30]都兴富,多目标评价决策的突变数学模型--突变级数法,《管理技术》,23-28
[31]王小亭,突变理论在企业管理中的应用探讨,《上海机械学院学报》,1989,11卷(4期),79-84
[32]朱顺泉,基于突变级数法的上市公司绩效综合评价研究,《系统工程理论与实践》,2002,2期,90-94
[33]田盈,基于突变理论的企业信用等级评价模型,《重庆示范学院学报(自然科学版)》,17卷增刊(6期)
[34]黄亦龙,突变级数法在水资源持续利用评价中的应用,《干旱环境监测》,2001,Vol.15,No.3,167-170
[35]张中强.初探第四方物流.技术经济,2003(10)
[36]朱道立.物流和供应链管理.上海:复旦大学出版社,2001
[37]艾伦·哈里森.物流管理与战略.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[38]杨宝军.第四方物流剖析.工业工程与管理,2003(3)
[39]戴哲斌.供应链外包的未来:第四方物流.港口物流,2004(2)
[40]田张新.将物流规划功能外包-第四方物流.上海综合经济,2001(10)
[41]李虹.第四方物流在我国的发展与应用.北京邮电大学学报,2003(4)
[42]刘莉.中国第四方物流运作模式初探.现代物流,2001(12)
[43]文海旭.第四方物流在中国施行的现实性论证.软科学,2003(5)
[44]薛东熠.浅论第四方物流企业的核心竞争力.江苏商论,2003(5)
[45]姜灵敏.第四方物流供应链服务创新的主题.商业研究,2003(20)
[46]冉净斐.第四方物流整合供应链.商业研究,2004(6)
[47]《物流技术与应用》编辑部.中国物流发展蓝皮书(2002).北京:《物流技术与应用》编辑部,2003
[48]徐建新.供应链管理的新模式-第四方物流.决策借鉴,2002(2)
[49] Tate, Karen. The Elements of a Successful Logistics Partner ship. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 2000. (2)
[50] ISL Shipping Statistics Yearbook Germany: Institute of Shipping and Logistics,1980-2002
[51] Graham R.J., Selizer J., An Application of Catastrophe Theory to Management Science Process, OMEGA, 1979, Vol. 7, No. 1, 61-66
[52] C. K. Prahalad and Bettis, R., The Dominant Logic: A New Linkage between Diversity and Performance, Strategic Management Journal, 1986, No. 7, 485-501
[53] Leonard Barton, D., Core Capabilities and Core Rigidities: A Paradox in Managing New Product Development, Strategic Management Journal, 1992, Vol.13, Summer Special Issue, 111-125
[54] Barney, J. B., Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage, Journal of Management, 1991, No. 17, 99-120
[55] Ron · Sewell. The Core Competence. http://ww. hxph. com, 2003
[56] Taylor, David. Global Cases in logistics and supply Chain Management. London:International Thomson Business Press, 2001
[57] Donald Waters. Global Logistics and Distribution Planning. Baca Raton, Florida:CRC Press, 1999
[58] Dorothy Leonard. Building and Sustaining the source of innovation. Harvard Business School Press, Boston Masschusetts, 2000
[59] Janne Huiskonen. Lateral coordination in a logistics outsourcing relationship.International journal of production economies, 2002, (78):175—180.