农村剩余劳动力农村内部吸纳的思考
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摘要
农村剩余劳动力的内部吸纳是通过深挖农村内部的就业潜能,扩充农村地区的就业容量,以达到减少农村剩余劳动力,缩小城乡差距,改变目前城乡二元经济结构现状,实现城乡经济协调发展为目的的一条农村剩余劳动力转移途径。农村内部吸纳部分农村剩余劳动力能在一定程度上缓解目前我国城镇就业困难,交通季节性拥堵,社会治安混乱等方面的压力,促进城乡社会的和谐共建;同时,农民对土地的天然亲合力使他们中的一部分人愿意生活在农村地区而不愿转移到城镇。农村内部吸纳能减少类似农村剩余劳动力向城镇转移过程中的诸多摩擦以及高昂的转移成本的问题的出现,并能有效提高农村居民收入,活跃和繁荣农村经济,扩大国内市场需求,改变日前我国经济增长过多的依赖国外需求的局面,从而促进我国经济持续、快速、健康的增长。
以农村地区对农村剩余劳动力的吸纳作为本文研究的出发点,以农村地区各产业结构和各生产力要素调整对农村剩余劳动力内部吸纳会产生什么样影响作为本文的研究核心,以论证农村地区能有效的吸纳农村剩余劳动力。通过深化农村各产业结构调整,改革传统农业生产模式以促进农产品深加业的发展,使农业内部能开创出更多的就业机会;通过积极推进以乡村工业和农村服务业为核心的农村二、三产业的发展,扩大乡村工业企业规模,繁荣农村服务业市场,增强农村二、三产业吸纳农村剩余劳动力的能力,从而促进农村剩余劳动力的内部吸纳;通过加大农村土地制度的改革以实现土地适当的集中,从而提高土地的利用效率使单位面积的土地上容纳更多的农村劳动力,从而减少农村隐性失业人口;通过大力发展农村教育,改善农村劳动力的素质,使他们能掌握更多的科学文化知识,提高其劳动技能,使农村劳动力的在农村地区有寻觅和拓展更大就业空间的能力;通过加大农村地区的资金投入,使农村地区有较为充实的资金用来促进各产业的发展,以增强各产业吸纳农村剩余劳动力的能力;并通过能加强农村剩余劳动力内部吸纳的各项政策、措施的改革,使在农村内部吸纳的农村剩余劳动力能安心在农村地区生产、生活,从而达到能稳定农村内部吸纳农村剩余劳动力的成果。
The interior-country absorbability is an efficient route of transferring the surplus rural labors. To minus the surplus rural labors, shorten the gap between the rural with city and reform the current two-dimension economic system of rural and city. We should take advantage of the potential of obtain employment and enlarge the capability of employment in interior-country. To some extent, some surplus rural labors have been absorbed in interior-rural will alleviate the following pressure, such as urban obtain employment, seasonal traffic jam, law-and-order confusion or something, which will help us accelerate the concerted building of rural and city in a harmonious way. Apart from those, rural labors have the natural affinity for their lands that would lead some of them to stay in rural rather than urban. Obviously, the interior-country absorbability will help the surplus rural labors avoid some phenomenon's appearance of numberless friction and high cost in the course of transference. For the more, it will improve farmers' income, flourish rural economy and enlarge domestic market etc. if our economy prosperity needn't excessively depend on the demand of oversea market, it will keep more stability, speediness, health and permanence.
This article bases on the point that the rural areas can offer more employments for the surplus rural labors. This article's core is researching that the affection will be brought by the adjustment of industry system and each productivity factors. In virtue of it, this article to testify that rural areas obtain the capability to absorb the surplus rural labors. Deepening the adjustment of agriculture industry, reforming traditional produce mode of agriculture and extending agricultural industrial chain, those methods will help us create more opportunities of employment in interior agriculture; we should actively promote the village industry and rural service industry, the core of second and third industry, to develop. Those measures we take will enlarge the scale of village industry-enterprise, prosper the market of rural service industry, at the same time, which will help rural second and third industry strengthen the ability of absorbing the surplus rural labors. Through increase the reforming of rural glebe system will promote glebe to proper centralize, which will improve the productivity efficiency of glebe to reduce the recessive unemployment in rural. Energetically developing the rural education and ameliorating the rural labors' diathesis, which will lead them to grasp more knowledge of science -culture and increase their laboring craftsmanship. Doubtlessly, the rural labors will obtain more large employment space in rural areas. Enlarging the capital input in rural areas will help the rural areas have more funds to support the rural industries' development and promote the rural industries' ability to absorb more surplus rural labors. Strengthening the reform of all kinds of policy and measures is bound up with absorbing the surplus rural labors. Those reforming will stabilize those men who have obtained comparative sufficient working hours to securely produce and live. The harvest of interior-rural absorbing the surplus rural labors has been stabilized.
以农村地区对农村剩余劳动力的吸纳作为本文研究的出发点,以农村地区各产业结构和各生产力要素调整对农村剩余劳动力内部吸纳会产生什么样影响作为本文的研究核心,以论证农村地区能有效的吸纳农村剩余劳动力。通过深化农村各产业结构调整,改革传统农业生产模式以促进农产品深加业的发展,使农业内部能开创出更多的就业机会;通过积极推进以乡村工业和农村服务业为核心的农村二、三产业的发展,扩大乡村工业企业规模,繁荣农村服务业市场,增强农村二、三产业吸纳农村剩余劳动力的能力,从而促进农村剩余劳动力的内部吸纳;通过加大农村土地制度的改革以实现土地适当的集中,从而提高土地的利用效率使单位面积的土地上容纳更多的农村劳动力,从而减少农村隐性失业人口;通过大力发展农村教育,改善农村劳动力的素质,使他们能掌握更多的科学文化知识,提高其劳动技能,使农村劳动力的在农村地区有寻觅和拓展更大就业空间的能力;通过加大农村地区的资金投入,使农村地区有较为充实的资金用来促进各产业的发展,以增强各产业吸纳农村剩余劳动力的能力;并通过能加强农村剩余劳动力内部吸纳的各项政策、措施的改革,使在农村内部吸纳的农村剩余劳动力能安心在农村地区生产、生活,从而达到能稳定农村内部吸纳农村剩余劳动力的成果。
The interior-country absorbability is an efficient route of transferring the surplus rural labors. To minus the surplus rural labors, shorten the gap between the rural with city and reform the current two-dimension economic system of rural and city. We should take advantage of the potential of obtain employment and enlarge the capability of employment in interior-country. To some extent, some surplus rural labors have been absorbed in interior-rural will alleviate the following pressure, such as urban obtain employment, seasonal traffic jam, law-and-order confusion or something, which will help us accelerate the concerted building of rural and city in a harmonious way. Apart from those, rural labors have the natural affinity for their lands that would lead some of them to stay in rural rather than urban. Obviously, the interior-country absorbability will help the surplus rural labors avoid some phenomenon's appearance of numberless friction and high cost in the course of transference. For the more, it will improve farmers' income, flourish rural economy and enlarge domestic market etc. if our economy prosperity needn't excessively depend on the demand of oversea market, it will keep more stability, speediness, health and permanence.
This article bases on the point that the rural areas can offer more employments for the surplus rural labors. This article's core is researching that the affection will be brought by the adjustment of industry system and each productivity factors. In virtue of it, this article to testify that rural areas obtain the capability to absorb the surplus rural labors. Deepening the adjustment of agriculture industry, reforming traditional produce mode of agriculture and extending agricultural industrial chain, those methods will help us create more opportunities of employment in interior agriculture; we should actively promote the village industry and rural service industry, the core of second and third industry, to develop. Those measures we take will enlarge the scale of village industry-enterprise, prosper the market of rural service industry, at the same time, which will help rural second and third industry strengthen the ability of absorbing the surplus rural labors. Through increase the reforming of rural glebe system will promote glebe to proper centralize, which will improve the productivity efficiency of glebe to reduce the recessive unemployment in rural. Energetically developing the rural education and ameliorating the rural labors' diathesis, which will lead them to grasp more knowledge of science -culture and increase their laboring craftsmanship. Doubtlessly, the rural labors will obtain more large employment space in rural areas. Enlarging the capital input in rural areas will help the rural areas have more funds to support the rural industries' development and promote the rural industries' ability to absorb more surplus rural labors. Strengthening the reform of all kinds of policy and measures is bound up with absorbing the surplus rural labors. Those reforming will stabilize those men who have obtained comparative sufficient working hours to securely produce and live. The harvest of interior-rural absorbing the surplus rural labors has been stabilized.
引文
1 阿瑟.刘易斯 《劳动力无限供给下的经济发展》 13页 1954午
2 阿瑟.刘易斯 《劳动力无限供给下的经济发展》 26页 1954年
3 蔡昉 《中国人口与劳动问题报告-城乡就业问题与对策》2002年 中国社会科技文献出版社。
5 黄宗智 三大历史性变迁的交汇与中国小规模农业的前景《中国社会科学》2007期 74-88页
6 张红宇 中国农地调整与使用权流转:几点评论 《管理世界》2002年第五期
7 方青 农村社会保障:回顾与前瞻 《中国农村观察》 2001年第3期
8 邹薇 张芬 农村地区收入差距与人力资本积累 《中国社会科学》2006年第2期
9 数据转引自 张玉林 中国教育不平等蓝皮书 《中国改革》2004.11
10 林毅夫 姚洋 刘明兴 《中国农村工业发展的因素》
[1]谭崇台.发展经济学的新发展[M]武汉大学出版社,1999
[2]蔡日方.中国人口流动方式与途径[M]社会科学出版社,2001
[3]秦庆武.中国“三农”问题的困境与出路[M]山东人民出版社,2004
[4]王培先.适当规模经营:我国农业现代化的微观基础 复旦大学2003届博士论文
[5]刘怀廉.剩余劳动力转移新论[M]中国经济出版社2004(8)
[6]农业部农村经济研究中心.中国农村研究报告2004[M]中国财政经济出版社
[7]阿瑟·刘易斯.二元经济论[M],北京经济学院出版社,1989
[8]冷晓明等.农业产业化概论[M]中国农业出版社1998
[9]黄季焜.21世纪的中国农业与农村发展[M]中国农业出版社2006
[10]林毅夫.再论制度、技术与中国农业发展[M]北京大学出版社2000
[11]蔡日方.民生经济学-“三农”与就业问题的解析[M]社会科学文献出版社2005
[12]马晓河.我国农村税费改革研究[M]中国计划出版社2002
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[21]李六石.略论我国农业规模化经营的制约机制[J]农业经济2005(1)
[22]周震虹等.农业产业化发展的理论依据[J]求索2005(4)
[23]蔡昉.劳动国迁移的两个过程及其制度障碍[J]社会学研究200l(4)
[24]赵旭强.农业规模化经营面临的矛盾及出路[J]经济问题2006(7)
[25]张智勇.西部农村剩余劳动力转移的产业选择[J]上海经济研究2002(11)
[26]杨润广.农业规模化经营是必由之路[J]中国国情国力2004(1)
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[31]杨小凯.改革面临的深层问题--关于土地制度改革[J]战略与管理2002.5
[32]苏少之.新中国关于新富农政策演变的历史考察[J]中南财经政法大学学报2007.1
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2 阿瑟.刘易斯 《劳动力无限供给下的经济发展》 26页 1954年
3 蔡昉 《中国人口与劳动问题报告-城乡就业问题与对策》2002年 中国社会科技文献出版社。
5 黄宗智 三大历史性变迁的交汇与中国小规模农业的前景《中国社会科学》2007期 74-88页
6 张红宇 中国农地调整与使用权流转:几点评论 《管理世界》2002年第五期
7 方青 农村社会保障:回顾与前瞻 《中国农村观察》 2001年第3期
8 邹薇 张芬 农村地区收入差距与人力资本积累 《中国社会科学》2006年第2期
9 数据转引自 张玉林 中国教育不平等蓝皮书 《中国改革》2004.11
10 林毅夫 姚洋 刘明兴 《中国农村工业发展的因素》
[1]谭崇台.发展经济学的新发展[M]武汉大学出版社,1999
[2]蔡日方.中国人口流动方式与途径[M]社会科学出版社,2001
[3]秦庆武.中国“三农”问题的困境与出路[M]山东人民出版社,2004
[4]王培先.适当规模经营:我国农业现代化的微观基础 复旦大学2003届博士论文
[5]刘怀廉.剩余劳动力转移新论[M]中国经济出版社2004(8)
[6]农业部农村经济研究中心.中国农村研究报告2004[M]中国财政经济出版社
[7]阿瑟·刘易斯.二元经济论[M],北京经济学院出版社,1989
[8]冷晓明等.农业产业化概论[M]中国农业出版社1998
[9]黄季焜.21世纪的中国农业与农村发展[M]中国农业出版社2006
[10]林毅夫.再论制度、技术与中国农业发展[M]北京大学出版社2000
[11]蔡日方.民生经济学-“三农”与就业问题的解析[M]社会科学文献出版社2005
[12]马晓河.我国农村税费改革研究[M]中国计划出版社2002
[13]向国成.小农经济效率改进论纲:超边际经济学之应用研究[J]社会科学战线2005(4)
[14]林毅夫.有关当前农村政策的几点意见[J]农业经济问题2003(6)
[15]张晓山.深化农村改革,促进农村发展[J]中国农村经济2003(1)
[16]温铁军.破解小农国家的困惑[J]学习月刊2004(7)
[17]朱巧玲.我国农村剩余劳动力转移的思路与对策[J]农村经济问题2003(1)
[18]管晓明.中国农村剩余劳动力转移的“二元悖论”[J]决策与信息2006(4)
[19]徐育才.农村劳动力转移:从“推拉模型”到“三力模型”的设想[J]学术研究2006(5)
[20]Lin,Justin Y.(1992)."Rural reforms and agricultural growth in China." American Economic Review,82(1)
[21]李六石.略论我国农业规模化经营的制约机制[J]农业经济2005(1)
[22]周震虹等.农业产业化发展的理论依据[J]求索2005(4)
[23]蔡昉.劳动国迁移的两个过程及其制度障碍[J]社会学研究200l(4)
[24]赵旭强.农业规模化经营面临的矛盾及出路[J]经济问题2006(7)
[25]张智勇.西部农村剩余劳动力转移的产业选择[J]上海经济研究2002(11)
[26]杨润广.农业规模化经营是必由之路[J]中国国情国力2004(1)
[27]石忆邵.农业产业化与农村城市化共生模式研究[J]经济理论与经济管理2001(10)
[28]申利侠.我国农业规模化经营与农民就业[J]经济问题1997(8)
[29]周其仁.机会与能力一中国农村劳动力的就业和流动[J]管理世界1997.5
[30]杨小凯.中国的经济改革[J]开放时代2001年8月号
[31]杨小凯.改革面临的深层问题--关于土地制度改革[J]战略与管理2002.5
[32]苏少之.新中国关于新富农政策演变的历史考察[J]中南财经政法大学学报2007.1
[33]王检贵.中国究竟还有多少农业剩余劳动力[J]中国社会科学2005.5
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