南海北部内潮与内孤立波特征的研究与模拟
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摘要
南海北部海域是一片海底地形崎岖、动力过程复杂的海域,也是内潮和内孤立波的频发海域。本文所用的资料主要取自南海北部锚定潜标、船载温度链和CTD的实测数据,并辅以同化卫星高度计的模式反推的潮汐调和常数的TPXO数据。同化模式结果反推的调和常数反映了南海北部的潮波系统,内潮的长时间观测数据成功描述了所在海区的内潮特征,温度链和船载ADCP的高分辨率数据非常幸运得捕捉到了一个强非线性大振幅内孤立波和一些弱非线性小振幅内波。
根据潜标上加载的ADCP的实测海流数据,分析了南海北部东沙群岛附近海域的正压潮和内潮随深度的变化特征,分季节讨论了余流的变化及2009年2-3月与一个中尺度涡的流速响应情况,并采用EOF分析方法研究了内潮的垂向结构和时间演变过程,发现各个EOF与内潮的模态结构有一定的对应关系。采用船载温度链的压力和温度数据分析和南海北部内孤立波的特征,提取了此强非线性内孤立波的振幅和周期,发现它引起的突发性强流,并发现其发生时刻与大潮的一致性。
采用MITgcm海洋模式,定性地模拟了内潮于倾斜海底地形和海槛地形下的变化发展过程,研究其波形在传播过程中的变化情况。
这些成果在一定程序上提示了南海北部的内潮和内孤立波的时空演变规律,对于内潮和内孤立波的特征研究方面有很大的推动作用,对于内潮和内孤立波的产生机制研究具有一定的辅助作用。
Northern South China Sea (SCS) is one of the most active areas for internal tides and solitary waves because of the rugged submarine topography and the complicated dynamic processes. The data used in the article is from the ADCP on submarine mooring system, the thermistor-chain hanged on the ship and the CTD, assisted with the tidal constituents of TPXO derived from the TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason altimeter data. The tidal system of northern SCS is figured out with the constituents of TPXO7.1. The characteristics of the internal tide are depicted with the long-term mooring measurements and a large nonlinear internal solitary wave and some weakly nonlinear internal waves.
Based on the in situ currents data from the ACDP on submarine mooring system, the characteristics of the barotropic and baroclinic tides are analyzed, especially the constituents of the internal tides varied with the depth. The residual currents are discussed in different seasons in the prototype layers. Abnormal residual currents from February to March in 2009 are studied, which are in response to a mesoscale eddy. The EOF deposition method is used to study the vertical structure and variation of the internal waves. The EOFs of them are related to the mode structure of internal waves.
The characteristics of internal solitary waves are analyzed based on a chain of instruments including temperature sensors, pressure sensors and temperature-pressure meters. The large amplitude and the period of a nonlinear internal solitary wave are obtained. The abrupt strong currents induced by the large solitary wave which are observed by ship-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profile.It is founded that the large solitary wave occurs roughly 2～3 days after spring tides.
The propagation of internal waves is simulated with MITgcm ocean model. The transformations of the wave shape and the variations of and the energy in the propagation over a slope and a sill are studied.
These results and knowledge of the internal tides and solitary waves partly reveal the rules of temporal and spatial evolution. The characteristics of them have important scientific values and may contribute to the understanding of the generation mechanism.
根据潜标上加载的ADCP的实测海流数据,分析了南海北部东沙群岛附近海域的正压潮和内潮随深度的变化特征,分季节讨论了余流的变化及2009年2-3月与一个中尺度涡的流速响应情况,并采用EOF分析方法研究了内潮的垂向结构和时间演变过程,发现各个EOF与内潮的模态结构有一定的对应关系。采用船载温度链的压力和温度数据分析和南海北部内孤立波的特征,提取了此强非线性内孤立波的振幅和周期,发现它引起的突发性强流,并发现其发生时刻与大潮的一致性。
采用MITgcm海洋模式,定性地模拟了内潮于倾斜海底地形和海槛地形下的变化发展过程,研究其波形在传播过程中的变化情况。
这些成果在一定程序上提示了南海北部的内潮和内孤立波的时空演变规律,对于内潮和内孤立波的特征研究方面有很大的推动作用,对于内潮和内孤立波的产生机制研究具有一定的辅助作用。
Northern South China Sea (SCS) is one of the most active areas for internal tides and solitary waves because of the rugged submarine topography and the complicated dynamic processes. The data used in the article is from the ADCP on submarine mooring system, the thermistor-chain hanged on the ship and the CTD, assisted with the tidal constituents of TPXO derived from the TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason altimeter data. The tidal system of northern SCS is figured out with the constituents of TPXO7.1. The characteristics of the internal tide are depicted with the long-term mooring measurements and a large nonlinear internal solitary wave and some weakly nonlinear internal waves.
Based on the in situ currents data from the ACDP on submarine mooring system, the characteristics of the barotropic and baroclinic tides are analyzed, especially the constituents of the internal tides varied with the depth. The residual currents are discussed in different seasons in the prototype layers. Abnormal residual currents from February to March in 2009 are studied, which are in response to a mesoscale eddy. The EOF deposition method is used to study the vertical structure and variation of the internal waves. The EOFs of them are related to the mode structure of internal waves.
The characteristics of internal solitary waves are analyzed based on a chain of instruments including temperature sensors, pressure sensors and temperature-pressure meters. The large amplitude and the period of a nonlinear internal solitary wave are obtained. The abrupt strong currents induced by the large solitary wave which are observed by ship-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profile.It is founded that the large solitary wave occurs roughly 2～3 days after spring tides.
The propagation of internal waves is simulated with MITgcm ocean model. The transformations of the wave shape and the variations of and the energy in the propagation over a slope and a sill are studied.
These results and knowledge of the internal tides and solitary waves partly reveal the rules of temporal and spatial evolution. The characteristics of them have important scientific values and may contribute to the understanding of the generation mechanism.
引文
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