车辆行驶速度智能控制系统体系研究
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摘要
道路交通安全是影响我国交通运输业可持续发展的关键因素之一,而车辆行驶速度过快是造成高速公路交通事故的重要原因,严重地威胁着人们生命和财产安全。当前,我国高速公路车速事故严重,1995-2004年,由于超速行驶共造成10.6万人死亡,直接财产损失达20亿多元。在高速公路上总是存在着因车辆行驶速度不当而造成的交通安全事故,如果能够对车辆行驶安全状态进行识别判断和智能控制,则可以大大降低整条道路的事故率。因此,论文结合实际需要,研究高速公路车辆安全行驶速度的智能控制系统体系。
目前,我国是以道路设计速度作为确定限速值的依据来进行车辆运行限速的,显然是简单化和不科学的;同时,在设置限速值时,往往不分大小车型、不分路段、不分气候条件等,一律采用统一的最高限速值的做法,显然是不合适的,缺乏实时性、动态性;另外,目标车辆的跟踪与车速信息管理技术的落后使得车速安全隐患得不到及时的发现和有效的控制。诸如问题严重影响着高速公路车辆运行安全。
本文系统总结国内外车速安全的研究和分析了车速安全的影响因素。对车辆安全行驶速度智能控制关键技术进行了研究,如:利用GPS技术、视频检测技术对目标车辆进行识别和实时跟踪,设计车速安全信息采集系统;利用GIS技术、数据融合处理技术以及人工智能等分析车速信息动态管理系统的建立方法;利用车速安全综合评价的方法确定车速安全限值,研究车速智能控制体系框架,以及设计车载车速智能预警系统。最后,通过ADMAS/car对车速限值进行验证分析,证实其可行性。
本文所研究的车辆行驶速度智能控制系统体系能实时动态的监控车辆运行速度,对提高高速公路车速安全具有重要的理论意义和应用指导价值。
Road traffic safety is one of the key factors that affect China's sustainable development of the transport industry. Vehicle speed is the main reason of the expressway traffic accident, threatening people's life and property safety seriously. At present, expressway traffic accident result of vehicle speed is trouble in our country, During 1995-2004 years, totally 10.6 myriad people have been dead because of over-speeding and the direct property loss reaches to over 2 billion yuan.
Expressway traffic accident result of vehicle speed is always exist .If we can carry on identifying , judging and the intelligence control to drive safe appearance to the car, the rate of traffic accident of the whole expressway will be significantly reduced. Therefore the study of vehicle speed intelligent control system is going necessary. Currently, the design speed of the road is as a basis for the limit of vehicle speed in our country, obviously which is simple and unscientific. At the same time, we often ignore the vehicle type, the road section, and the climatic conditions and so on when establishing the regulating value. We all use the unified highest regulating value, which obviously is inappropriate, lacking timeliness and dynamic. Moreover, the target vehicles' track and vehicle speed information management technology's backwardness enables the vehicle speed not to be able to obtain the prompt discovery and the effective control.
This article has systematically summarized the domestic and foreign vehicle speed security research and analyzed the factors of vehicle speed security. The article has conducted the research to the key technologies of intelligent control of vehicle security speed, for example: carrying on the recognition and the real-time track to the goal vehicles and designing vehicle speed security information acquisition system using the GPS technology and the video detection technology, analyzing methods of Vehicle speed information dynamic management system using the GIS technology, data fusion technique and artificial intelligence, using vehicle speed safe quality synthetic evaluation's method to determine vehicle speed security limiting value, studying the frame of vehicle speed intelligent control system, as well as designing vehicle carries the vehicle speed intelligence early warning system. Finally, the article has proved the feasibility of the intelligent control system of vehicle speed by analyzing ADMAS/car to the vehicle speed limiting value.
The intelligent control system of vehicle speed study of this article can real-time and dynamically monitor vehicle speed. It has important theory significance and application value to enhance the vehicle security speed.
目前,我国是以道路设计速度作为确定限速值的依据来进行车辆运行限速的,显然是简单化和不科学的;同时,在设置限速值时,往往不分大小车型、不分路段、不分气候条件等,一律采用统一的最高限速值的做法,显然是不合适的,缺乏实时性、动态性;另外,目标车辆的跟踪与车速信息管理技术的落后使得车速安全隐患得不到及时的发现和有效的控制。诸如问题严重影响着高速公路车辆运行安全。
本文系统总结国内外车速安全的研究和分析了车速安全的影响因素。对车辆安全行驶速度智能控制关键技术进行了研究,如:利用GPS技术、视频检测技术对目标车辆进行识别和实时跟踪,设计车速安全信息采集系统;利用GIS技术、数据融合处理技术以及人工智能等分析车速信息动态管理系统的建立方法;利用车速安全综合评价的方法确定车速安全限值,研究车速智能控制体系框架,以及设计车载车速智能预警系统。最后,通过ADMAS/car对车速限值进行验证分析,证实其可行性。
本文所研究的车辆行驶速度智能控制系统体系能实时动态的监控车辆运行速度,对提高高速公路车速安全具有重要的理论意义和应用指导价值。
Road traffic safety is one of the key factors that affect China's sustainable development of the transport industry. Vehicle speed is the main reason of the expressway traffic accident, threatening people's life and property safety seriously. At present, expressway traffic accident result of vehicle speed is trouble in our country, During 1995-2004 years, totally 10.6 myriad people have been dead because of over-speeding and the direct property loss reaches to over 2 billion yuan.
Expressway traffic accident result of vehicle speed is always exist .If we can carry on identifying , judging and the intelligence control to drive safe appearance to the car, the rate of traffic accident of the whole expressway will be significantly reduced. Therefore the study of vehicle speed intelligent control system is going necessary. Currently, the design speed of the road is as a basis for the limit of vehicle speed in our country, obviously which is simple and unscientific. At the same time, we often ignore the vehicle type, the road section, and the climatic conditions and so on when establishing the regulating value. We all use the unified highest regulating value, which obviously is inappropriate, lacking timeliness and dynamic. Moreover, the target vehicles' track and vehicle speed information management technology's backwardness enables the vehicle speed not to be able to obtain the prompt discovery and the effective control.
This article has systematically summarized the domestic and foreign vehicle speed security research and analyzed the factors of vehicle speed security. The article has conducted the research to the key technologies of intelligent control of vehicle security speed, for example: carrying on the recognition and the real-time track to the goal vehicles and designing vehicle speed security information acquisition system using the GPS technology and the video detection technology, analyzing methods of Vehicle speed information dynamic management system using the GIS technology, data fusion technique and artificial intelligence, using vehicle speed safe quality synthetic evaluation's method to determine vehicle speed security limiting value, studying the frame of vehicle speed intelligent control system, as well as designing vehicle carries the vehicle speed intelligence early warning system. Finally, the article has proved the feasibility of the intelligent control system of vehicle speed by analyzing ADMAS/car to the vehicle speed limiting value.
The intelligent control system of vehicle speed study of this article can real-time and dynamically monitor vehicle speed. It has important theory significance and application value to enhance the vehicle security speed.
引文
[1] 周珺,李容.GPS/GIS 在智能交通系统中的应用[J].警察技术.2004(1):37-38
[2] 陆键,王震宇.智能运输系统在美国道路交通安全中的应用[J].关爱生命 预防事故---2006 北京国际智能交通论坛.2006.476-485
[3] 田玉国.美国道路交通事故预防的成功经验及其启示[J].关爱生命 预防事故-2006 北京国际智能交通论坛.2006.9-20
[4] 张振东,刘东.公路交通智能化管理及应用[J].安全与畅通---2004 北京国际智能交通论坛.2004.67-73
[5] 姜华平,唐勇,李磊.基于智能运输系统(ITS)的交通安全控制体系研究[J].中国安全科学学报.2003(7):35-38
[6] 于泉,任福田.山东省高速公路监控系统中主线可变限速值程序设计[J].公路交通科技,2004(4):83-89
[7] 牛学军,马社强.构建具有我国特色的智能化交通事故预防系统[J].安全与畅通---2004北京国际智能交通论坛. 2004,122-125
[8] 王文武,李迁生.高速公路安全管理[M].人民交通出版社,2001:44-45
[9] 陈小鸿,刘东.车速显示技术及其在法国的进展[J].上海公路,2005(1):57-61
[10] 裴玉龙,刘博航.道路交通管理信息系统的研究[J].第七次城市道路与交通工程学术交流会议.190-195
[11] 胡郁葱,钟慧玲,徐建闽.GIS 技术在高速公路数据库系统中的应用[J].公路交通科技.2001(5):71-74
[12] 刘小明,任福田.论道路交通安全[M].人民交通出版社, 2001
[13] George YANNIS, John GOLLAS, George KANELLAIDIS. A Comparative Analysis of the Potential of International Road Accident Data Files[J]. IATSS Research. 2000,124(2):111-120
[14] 于春全.北京市道路交通流实时动态信息系统的研究[J].道路交通与安全.2004(4).
[15] 胡明伟,缪立新,王耕非.北京市交通流数据采集、处理/分析和信息发布系统实际[J].公路交通科技.2003(2):77-80
[16] 杨兆升著.基础交通信息融合技术及其应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005.8
[17] 周珺,李容. GPS/GIS 在智能交通系统中的应用[J].警察技术.2004(1):37-38
[18] 郭晓敏,邢汉承,冉明,寇大海.基于 GPS 和 DR 的公路数据采集 GIS 系统[J].计算机仿真.2005(2):210-214
[19] HAGLUND M., ABERG L. Speed choice in relation to speed limit and influence from other drivers[J].Transportation Research Part F,2000,34:39-51.
[20] Solomon D. Accidents on main rural highways re1ated to speed,drivers,and vehicle [R]. Washington: Bureau of Public Roads, 1964
[21] Federal Highway Administration. Synthesis of Safety Research Related to Speed and Speed Limits[R]. Publication No. FH-WA-RD-98-154,1999
[22] FILDES B N,RUMBOLD G,LEENING A.Speed behavior and drivers attitude to speeding[R]. Sydney: Monash University, 1991
[23] BARUYA A. Speed-accident relationships on different kinds of European roads[R].London: Transportation Research Laboratory, 1998
[24] 杜博英.道路交通事故与车速建模[J].公路交通科技.2002(6):116-118
[25] National Highway Traffic Administration,Federal Highway Administration,Speeding and Highway Safety:The U.S.Department of Transportation's policy and Implementation strategy[R],Washington D.C.,February 1997
[26] Federal Highway Administration.Synthesis of Safety Research Related to Speed and Speed Limits[R]. Publication No.FH-WA-RD-98-154,1999
[27] 张锁,李杰,李连升.道路交通事故车速分析的探讨[J].交通标准化.2005.12
[28] 应朝阳译.美国运输部关于行车速度及速度限制的交通安全研究报告[J].公安交通科技窗.2005(2):17-26
[29] Roads and traffic authority. Speed Problem Definition and countermeasure Summary, Speed[R].Australia, 2000
[30] 高建平,郭忠印.高等级公路车速管理研究[J].中国安全科学学报.2004(4):64-67
[31] V Knowles, B Persaud, M Parker , Jr , G Wilde . Safety , Speed & Speed Management[R].Ottawa Ontario:Transport Canada,March1997
[32] 唐铮铮.限速、车速与安全[J].公路交通科技.2005,3(22):97-100
[33] 李学明.超速行驶与行车安全[J].汽车维修.2000(9):266
[34] 叶忠慧.高速公路上超速行驶的不安全因素分析[J].公路与汽运.2003(6):16-22
[35] 马俊.交通运输安全管理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998
[36] 张殿业.驾驶员适用性及可靠性[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.1996
[37] 高建平,柳本民.货车交通对高速公路安全性的影响[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版).2005,35(6):763-767
[38] 叶忠慧.高速公路上超速行驶的不安全因素分析[J].公路与汽运.2003(6):16-22
[39] 王夏黎.智能交通视频监视技术研究与应用[J].西北大学博士学位论文.2004
[40] 许树伯.层次分析法原理[M].天津:天津出版社,1988
[41] 刘思峰.灰色系统理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004
[42] 谢季坚,刘承平.模糊数学方法及其应用[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2000
[43] 于鹏晓.微型客车运动学/动力学仿真研究[D].南京理工大学硕士论文.2001
[44] 李军,邢俊文,覃文洁.ADAMS 实例教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002:130-132
[45] 郑凯,胡仁喜,陈鹿民.ADAMS 2005 机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[46] 刘瑞新,汪远征.Visual Basic 程序设计教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[2] 陆键,王震宇.智能运输系统在美国道路交通安全中的应用[J].关爱生命 预防事故---2006 北京国际智能交通论坛.2006.476-485
[3] 田玉国.美国道路交通事故预防的成功经验及其启示[J].关爱生命 预防事故-2006 北京国际智能交通论坛.2006.9-20
[4] 张振东,刘东.公路交通智能化管理及应用[J].安全与畅通---2004 北京国际智能交通论坛.2004.67-73
[5] 姜华平,唐勇,李磊.基于智能运输系统(ITS)的交通安全控制体系研究[J].中国安全科学学报.2003(7):35-38
[6] 于泉,任福田.山东省高速公路监控系统中主线可变限速值程序设计[J].公路交通科技,2004(4):83-89
[7] 牛学军,马社强.构建具有我国特色的智能化交通事故预防系统[J].安全与畅通---2004北京国际智能交通论坛. 2004,122-125
[8] 王文武,李迁生.高速公路安全管理[M].人民交通出版社,2001:44-45
[9] 陈小鸿,刘东.车速显示技术及其在法国的进展[J].上海公路,2005(1):57-61
[10] 裴玉龙,刘博航.道路交通管理信息系统的研究[J].第七次城市道路与交通工程学术交流会议.190-195
[11] 胡郁葱,钟慧玲,徐建闽.GIS 技术在高速公路数据库系统中的应用[J].公路交通科技.2001(5):71-74
[12] 刘小明,任福田.论道路交通安全[M].人民交通出版社, 2001
[13] George YANNIS, John GOLLAS, George KANELLAIDIS. A Comparative Analysis of the Potential of International Road Accident Data Files[J]. IATSS Research. 2000,124(2):111-120
[14] 于春全.北京市道路交通流实时动态信息系统的研究[J].道路交通与安全.2004(4).
[15] 胡明伟,缪立新,王耕非.北京市交通流数据采集、处理/分析和信息发布系统实际[J].公路交通科技.2003(2):77-80
[16] 杨兆升著.基础交通信息融合技术及其应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005.8
[17] 周珺,李容. GPS/GIS 在智能交通系统中的应用[J].警察技术.2004(1):37-38
[18] 郭晓敏,邢汉承,冉明,寇大海.基于 GPS 和 DR 的公路数据采集 GIS 系统[J].计算机仿真.2005(2):210-214
[19] HAGLUND M., ABERG L. Speed choice in relation to speed limit and influence from other drivers[J].Transportation Research Part F,2000,34:39-51.
[20] Solomon D. Accidents on main rural highways re1ated to speed,drivers,and vehicle [R]. Washington: Bureau of Public Roads, 1964
[21] Federal Highway Administration. Synthesis of Safety Research Related to Speed and Speed Limits[R]. Publication No. FH-WA-RD-98-154,1999
[22] FILDES B N,RUMBOLD G,LEENING A.Speed behavior and drivers attitude to speeding[R]. Sydney: Monash University, 1991
[23] BARUYA A. Speed-accident relationships on different kinds of European roads[R].London: Transportation Research Laboratory, 1998
[24] 杜博英.道路交通事故与车速建模[J].公路交通科技.2002(6):116-118
[25] National Highway Traffic Administration,Federal Highway Administration,Speeding and Highway Safety:The U.S.Department of Transportation's policy and Implementation strategy[R],Washington D.C.,February 1997
[26] Federal Highway Administration.Synthesis of Safety Research Related to Speed and Speed Limits[R]. Publication No.FH-WA-RD-98-154,1999
[27] 张锁,李杰,李连升.道路交通事故车速分析的探讨[J].交通标准化.2005.12
[28] 应朝阳译.美国运输部关于行车速度及速度限制的交通安全研究报告[J].公安交通科技窗.2005(2):17-26
[29] Roads and traffic authority. Speed Problem Definition and countermeasure Summary, Speed[R].Australia, 2000
[30] 高建平,郭忠印.高等级公路车速管理研究[J].中国安全科学学报.2004(4):64-67
[31] V Knowles, B Persaud, M Parker , Jr , G Wilde . Safety , Speed & Speed Management[R].Ottawa Ontario:Transport Canada,March1997
[32] 唐铮铮.限速、车速与安全[J].公路交通科技.2005,3(22):97-100
[33] 李学明.超速行驶与行车安全[J].汽车维修.2000(9):266
[34] 叶忠慧.高速公路上超速行驶的不安全因素分析[J].公路与汽运.2003(6):16-22
[35] 马俊.交通运输安全管理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998
[36] 张殿业.驾驶员适用性及可靠性[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.1996
[37] 高建平,柳本民.货车交通对高速公路安全性的影响[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版).2005,35(6):763-767
[38] 叶忠慧.高速公路上超速行驶的不安全因素分析[J].公路与汽运.2003(6):16-22
[39] 王夏黎.智能交通视频监视技术研究与应用[J].西北大学博士学位论文.2004
[40] 许树伯.层次分析法原理[M].天津:天津出版社,1988
[41] 刘思峰.灰色系统理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004
[42] 谢季坚,刘承平.模糊数学方法及其应用[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2000
[43] 于鹏晓.微型客车运动学/动力学仿真研究[D].南京理工大学硕士论文.2001
[44] 李军,邢俊文,覃文洁.ADAMS 实例教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002:130-132
[45] 郑凯,胡仁喜,陈鹿民.ADAMS 2005 机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[46] 刘瑞新,汪远征.Visual Basic 程序设计教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001