WiMAX系统中基于跨层设计的QoS保证机制研究
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摘要
基于IEEE 802.16标准的微波存取全球互通(WiMAX)是一种适用于无线城域网的新兴宽带接入技术,因其在接入效率、可扩展性、易安装性方面的优越特性,有望成为未来接入领域的主流技术之一。如何在时变无线环境中向众多用户提供高速高质的多媒体通信服务是WiMAX技术亟待解决的问题之一,通信环境的易变性和通信服务的多样性决定了采用跨层思想设计服务质量(QoS)保证机制的必要性。
本论文采用跨层思想对WiMAX系统的QoS保证机制进行了深入研究,主要包括四个方面：协议体系结构模型、联合控制策略、调度算法和自适应调制编码(AMC)传输模式选择算法。主要研究内容和创新性成果如下：
1.为解决传统无线网络分层结构在QoS保证方面面临的挑战性问题,在已有WiMAX基本分层结构基础上提出一种跨层架构。整个WiMAX协议体系结构模型被纵向划分为数据流递交子平面和QoS资源管理子平面：前者职能是遵循IEEE 802.16标准制定的规范,对多媒体通信服务流进行数据处理并实现逐层递交；后者职能是通过多种管理信令由低层到高层协调各管理模块运作,实施自适应地QOS联合控制。该架构结构简单,职能明确,是面向QoS保证的完全跨层架构,特别适用于实际工程设计中。
2.在建议的WiMAX跨层架构基础上,提出一种QoS联合控制策略,并给出了适用于该策略的各种算法。还提出了一种适用于QoS优先级控制策略的QoS性能优先算法。仿真表明,基于WiMAX跨层架构的QoS联合控制策略能够根据实际需求提供灵活的QOS保证,与采用加权轮转算法的第一类QOS联合控制策略相比,在相同的QoS违反率限定下,采用QoS性能优先算法的第二类QoS联合控制策略能够为更多的用户提供多媒体通信服务。
3.在建议的WiMAX跨层架构基础上,提出一种面向用户公平保证多媒体通信服务流QoS的二级调度算法。在QOS联合控制策略支持下,第一级调度实现QoS优先级控制,采用了已有的面向多媒体通信服务流QoS保证的QoS优先级算法,第二级调度实现子信道资源配置,采用了新提出的面向用户速率公平的调度算法。仿真表明,与多权重调度算法相比,该二级调度算法可在有效保证多媒体通信服务流满足各自不同QoS要求的同时更好地兼顾用户速率公平,并且在系统吞吐量、QoS业务流实际吞吐量和QoS违反率方面具有更好的低信噪比(SNR)特性,更适用于无线环境中。
4.在建议的WiMAX跨层架构基础上,提出一种SNR切换阈值区间可变式AMC传输模式选择算法。当基站向用户站发送各种多媒体通信服务流时,建议算法对AMC传输模式的选择不仅取决于物理层信道状态信息,还与高层多媒体通信服务流的目标误包率这一重要QoS需求参数有关。通过性能评估表明,与传统型和改进型AMC传输模式选择算法相比,建议算法能够在满足各类QoS业务流目标误包率的同时获得更高的系统有效数据传输速率。
Worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) based on IEEE 802.16 standards is a rising broadband wireless access technique for wireless metropolitan area networks. Due to its high performance of efficiency, flexibility and setting convenience, WiMAX will become one of the mainstream access technologies in the future. How to provide many subscribers with high speed and good quality of various multimedia communication services in time-varying wireless environment is one of the WiMAX technology problems needed to be solved urgently, and the volatility of communication conditions and diversity of communication services determine the necessity of adopting cross-layer ideology when designing quality of service (QoS) guarantee schemes.
In this dissertation, QoS guarantee schemes based on cross-layer design in WiMAX system is studied intensively in four aspects:protocol architecture model, joint control strategy, scheduling algorithm and adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) transmission mode selection algorithm. The main research contents and innovative results are listed as follows:
1. In order to solve challenge problems on QoS guarantee caused by the traditional layering structure of wireless networks, this dissertation proposed a cross-layer architecture based on the existing WiMAX layering structure. The whole protocol structure model was divided into two sub-planes vertically:one was data flow delivery sub-plane which could provide data processing and delivering layer-by-layer for multimedia communication service flows based on IEEE 802.16 standards, the other was QoS resource management sub-plane which could cooperate all manage modules from low protocol layer to high protocol layer by various manage signalings and implement QoS joint control adaptively. This proposed architecture is full cross-layer architecture for QoS guarantee with simple structure and clearly defined functions, and very suitable for practical engineering design.
2. Based on the proposed WiMAX cross-layer architecture, this dissertation provided a QoS joint control strategy and its proper algorithms. This dissertation also proposed a QoS performance priority algorithm for QoS priority control strategy. Simulation results show that the QoS joint control strategy based on the WiMAX cross-layer architecture can provide flexible QoS guarantees according to the practical requirements. On the constraints of the same QoS outage probability, the second QoS joint control strategy with QoS performance priority algorithm can provide multimedia communication services for more subscribers when compared with the first QoS joint control strategy with weighted round robin algorithm.
3. This dissertation proposed a subscriber fair oriented two-level scheduling algorithm for QoS guarantee which could be used in the proposed WiMAX cross-layer architecture. On the support of the QoS joint control strategy, the first level scheduler adopted the existing QoS priority algorithm for QoS guarantee of multimedia communication service flows and implemented QoS priority control. The second level scheduler adopted the proposed subscriber rate fair oriented scheduling algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed two-level algorithm can meet various QoS requirements of multimedia communication service flows well with better subscriber's rate fairness when compared with the multi-weight scheduling algorithm. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can obtain better performance in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region in terms of system throughput, QoS service traffic throughput and QoS outage probability, which is more suitable for wireless communication environment.
4. This dissertation proposed an AMC transmission mode selection algorithm with alterable SNR switch threshold intervals for the proposed WiMAX cross-layer architecture. When base station sent various multimedia communication service flows to subscriber station, the proposed algorithm made the decision of AMC transmission mode selection which was not only decided by channel state information from physical layer, but also related to an important QoS parameter, namely target packet error ratio provided by multimedia communication service flows from upper layer. Through performance evaluation, the results show that the proposed algorithm satisfies the target packet error ratio requirements of each class of multimedia service flow, and also obtains higher effective data transfer rate at the same time when compared with the traditional AMC transmission mode selection algorithm and its modified one.
本论文采用跨层思想对WiMAX系统的QoS保证机制进行了深入研究,主要包括四个方面：协议体系结构模型、联合控制策略、调度算法和自适应调制编码(AMC)传输模式选择算法。主要研究内容和创新性成果如下：
1.为解决传统无线网络分层结构在QoS保证方面面临的挑战性问题,在已有WiMAX基本分层结构基础上提出一种跨层架构。整个WiMAX协议体系结构模型被纵向划分为数据流递交子平面和QoS资源管理子平面：前者职能是遵循IEEE 802.16标准制定的规范,对多媒体通信服务流进行数据处理并实现逐层递交；后者职能是通过多种管理信令由低层到高层协调各管理模块运作,实施自适应地QOS联合控制。该架构结构简单,职能明确,是面向QoS保证的完全跨层架构,特别适用于实际工程设计中。
2.在建议的WiMAX跨层架构基础上,提出一种QoS联合控制策略,并给出了适用于该策略的各种算法。还提出了一种适用于QoS优先级控制策略的QoS性能优先算法。仿真表明,基于WiMAX跨层架构的QoS联合控制策略能够根据实际需求提供灵活的QOS保证,与采用加权轮转算法的第一类QOS联合控制策略相比,在相同的QoS违反率限定下,采用QoS性能优先算法的第二类QoS联合控制策略能够为更多的用户提供多媒体通信服务。
3.在建议的WiMAX跨层架构基础上,提出一种面向用户公平保证多媒体通信服务流QoS的二级调度算法。在QOS联合控制策略支持下,第一级调度实现QoS优先级控制,采用了已有的面向多媒体通信服务流QoS保证的QoS优先级算法,第二级调度实现子信道资源配置,采用了新提出的面向用户速率公平的调度算法。仿真表明,与多权重调度算法相比,该二级调度算法可在有效保证多媒体通信服务流满足各自不同QoS要求的同时更好地兼顾用户速率公平,并且在系统吞吐量、QoS业务流实际吞吐量和QoS违反率方面具有更好的低信噪比(SNR)特性,更适用于无线环境中。
4.在建议的WiMAX跨层架构基础上,提出一种SNR切换阈值区间可变式AMC传输模式选择算法。当基站向用户站发送各种多媒体通信服务流时,建议算法对AMC传输模式的选择不仅取决于物理层信道状态信息,还与高层多媒体通信服务流的目标误包率这一重要QoS需求参数有关。通过性能评估表明,与传统型和改进型AMC传输模式选择算法相比,建议算法能够在满足各类QoS业务流目标误包率的同时获得更高的系统有效数据传输速率。
Worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) based on IEEE 802.16 standards is a rising broadband wireless access technique for wireless metropolitan area networks. Due to its high performance of efficiency, flexibility and setting convenience, WiMAX will become one of the mainstream access technologies in the future. How to provide many subscribers with high speed and good quality of various multimedia communication services in time-varying wireless environment is one of the WiMAX technology problems needed to be solved urgently, and the volatility of communication conditions and diversity of communication services determine the necessity of adopting cross-layer ideology when designing quality of service (QoS) guarantee schemes.
In this dissertation, QoS guarantee schemes based on cross-layer design in WiMAX system is studied intensively in four aspects:protocol architecture model, joint control strategy, scheduling algorithm and adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) transmission mode selection algorithm. The main research contents and innovative results are listed as follows:
1. In order to solve challenge problems on QoS guarantee caused by the traditional layering structure of wireless networks, this dissertation proposed a cross-layer architecture based on the existing WiMAX layering structure. The whole protocol structure model was divided into two sub-planes vertically:one was data flow delivery sub-plane which could provide data processing and delivering layer-by-layer for multimedia communication service flows based on IEEE 802.16 standards, the other was QoS resource management sub-plane which could cooperate all manage modules from low protocol layer to high protocol layer by various manage signalings and implement QoS joint control adaptively. This proposed architecture is full cross-layer architecture for QoS guarantee with simple structure and clearly defined functions, and very suitable for practical engineering design.
2. Based on the proposed WiMAX cross-layer architecture, this dissertation provided a QoS joint control strategy and its proper algorithms. This dissertation also proposed a QoS performance priority algorithm for QoS priority control strategy. Simulation results show that the QoS joint control strategy based on the WiMAX cross-layer architecture can provide flexible QoS guarantees according to the practical requirements. On the constraints of the same QoS outage probability, the second QoS joint control strategy with QoS performance priority algorithm can provide multimedia communication services for more subscribers when compared with the first QoS joint control strategy with weighted round robin algorithm.
3. This dissertation proposed a subscriber fair oriented two-level scheduling algorithm for QoS guarantee which could be used in the proposed WiMAX cross-layer architecture. On the support of the QoS joint control strategy, the first level scheduler adopted the existing QoS priority algorithm for QoS guarantee of multimedia communication service flows and implemented QoS priority control. The second level scheduler adopted the proposed subscriber rate fair oriented scheduling algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed two-level algorithm can meet various QoS requirements of multimedia communication service flows well with better subscriber's rate fairness when compared with the multi-weight scheduling algorithm. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can obtain better performance in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region in terms of system throughput, QoS service traffic throughput and QoS outage probability, which is more suitable for wireless communication environment.
4. This dissertation proposed an AMC transmission mode selection algorithm with alterable SNR switch threshold intervals for the proposed WiMAX cross-layer architecture. When base station sent various multimedia communication service flows to subscriber station, the proposed algorithm made the decision of AMC transmission mode selection which was not only decided by channel state information from physical layer, but also related to an important QoS parameter, namely target packet error ratio provided by multimedia communication service flows from upper layer. Through performance evaluation, the results show that the proposed algorithm satisfies the target packet error ratio requirements of each class of multimedia service flow, and also obtains higher effective data transfer rate at the same time when compared with the traditional AMC transmission mode selection algorithm and its modified one.
引文
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