海藻提取物与Mn、Zn配施对生菜营养特性的影响
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摘要
本试验以生菜为试材,通过液培和土培试验,研究分析了两种海藻提取物与微量元素锰(Mn)、和锌(Zn)配施对生菜生长、光合特性、叶片酶活性、养分吸收及抗逆性的影响,旨在为海藻提取物与Mn、Zn合理配施的提供参考依据。主要研究结论如下:
(1)与CK比较,单施海藻提取物、Mn肥、Zn肥均可以促进种子萌发,种子发芽率分别提高9.50 %、17.00 %和7.51 %,发芽势分别提高112.90 %、73.80 %和69.50 %,发芽指数分别提高9.60 %、17.90 %和7.50 %。而海藻提取物与Mn肥或者Zn肥配施效果不显著,甚至会抑制种子发芽。在生菜幼苗生长阶段,施用海藻提取物能显著提高幼苗生长势,配施Zn肥或MnZn肥可进一步促进幼苗株高和干重的提高。在生菜整个生长期中,施用海藻提取物能显著促进生菜生长,提高植株的叶片数、茎粗、株高、根长和干重,配施MnZn肥或Zn肥可进一步显著促进生菜生长。
(2)施用海藻提取物可以显著促进生菜生长旺盛期对氮、磷、钾的吸收以及由根部向地上部的运移;随着生菜生长速度变缓,植株衰老,在施用海藻提取物基础上配施MnZn肥或Zn肥能更显著地促进后期生菜对氮的吸收和运移,但配施仅能促进生菜根部对磷、钾的吸收,并不能促进磷、钾向地上部的运移。
施用海藻提取物会抑制生菜生长旺盛期叶片对Mn、Zn的吸收,单施的含量为配施的2.06~1.64倍。海藻提取物与Zn肥配施,在生长后期可显著促进叶片对Zn的吸收,相对于单施Zn肥叶片中Zn含量提高23.95 %。
(3)在生菜生长过程中,施用Mn肥能使生菜叶片的叶绿素含量增高15.81~21.93 %。在生菜叶片缺锰状态下,施用海藻提取物或Zn肥均不能提高叶绿素含量;海藻提取物与Mn肥配施也不能显著提高叶绿素含量。施用Mn肥能促进生菜光合作用,并提高叶片的蒸腾速率和气孔导度,在此基础之上与海藻提取物配施效果更显著。
(4)水分及盐分胁迫条件下,施用海藻提取物可以使叶片保护酶系中SOD的活性提高10.79~66.13 %,使生菜抗逆性增强,施用海藻提取物的同时配施Mn肥或Zn肥效果更显著,使SOD的活性提高51.3~71.3 %。
(5)生菜生长至四叶期时浇施总量的1/3,然后生长中期浇施总量的2/3,可显著提高生菜叶片数、株高和干重,达25.08 %、18.36 %和23.59 %,还可显著促进生菜对N、K、Ca和Mn的吸收。施用海藻提取物,会抑制生菜对Zn、Cu和Mg的吸收。
Lettuce is chosen as the experimental material of the study, and effects of application of seaweed extract and microelement fertilizers of Mn and/or Zn on growth, photosynthesis feature, enzyme activity of leaf, nutrient absorption and resistance are analyzed, to aim at providing instructional reference for reasonable application of seaweed extract and microelement fertilizers of Mn and/or Zn, and for reasonable way to apply seaweed extract. The main results as follow:
(1) Comparing with treatment CK, applications of only seaweed extract, Mn or Zn all are showed that improviing seed sprouting, seed germination is increased 9.50 %, 17.00 % or 7.51 % respectively, germinative force is 112.90 %, 73.80 % or 69.50 % respectively, and germinative index is 9.60 %, 17.90 % or 7.50 %. But applications of seaweed extract and fertilizer of Mn or Zn are not significantly influence on seed , even restraining sprouting . During the early stages of lettuce growth, applying seaweed extract is showed to enhance significantly every index of growth. Using Zn fertilizer or Mn and Zn fertilizer is given the results of improvement of plant height and dry weight. During the whole stage of lettuce growth, applying seaweed extract enhances significantly growing of lettuce, and increases number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, root length and dry weight of plants. Using Zn fertilizer or Mn and Zn fertilizer significantly enhances every index of growth potential of lettuce.
(2)During exuberant growth period of lettuce, applying seaweed extract is studied to enhance significantly absorbing in nitrogen, phosphor and potassium, and transmitting from root to aerial part. And combinative applications of seaweed extract and microelement Mn or Zn are presented to have effects insignificantly; During later growth stage, with lettuces growing slower and slower and plants becoming old, using Zn fertilizer or Mn and Zn fertilizer significantly enhances absorbing and transmitting of nitrogen on the basis of applying seaweed extract, and improves absorbing in phosphor and potassium, but not transmitting them from root to aerial part. During exuberant growth period, there is a result of being restrained for absorbing of Mn and Zn in leaf by applying seaweed extract, the amount of Mn and Zn with only seaweed extract is presented to be 2.06~1.64 times higher than application of both seaweed extract and fertilizer of Mn or Zn. So the study gets the better result on applying respectively seaweed extract and Mn or Zn rather than on combinations. During later growth stage, the combinative application of seaweed extract and microelement Zn improves absorbing of Zn significantly, the amount of Zn in leaf is increased 23.95 % comparing with application of only seaweed extract.
(3)During the stage of lettuce growth, applying Mn fertilizer increases 15.81~21.93 % of content of chlorophyll in leaf. In the condition of shortage of Mn in leaves, applying seaweed extract or Zn fertilizer is presented to increase chlorophyll content; neither is applying seaweed extract and Mn. Applying Mn fertilizer increases photosynthesis of lettuces, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. On the basis, using seaweed extract effects more significantly.
(4)In the condition of adversity stress, applying seaweed extract increases 10.79~66.13 % for SOD activity in enzymatic system of leaves, and enhances stress resistance of lettuces. Simultaneously, adding Zn fertilizer or Mn with seaweed extract has obviously effects on increasing 51.33~71.32 % of SOD activity.
(5)Applying fertilizer way in which pouring a third of totals during the four-leaf period, then two thirds during the medium period of growth, and adding fertilizer generally obviously increase leave numbe, plant height, and dry weight by 25.08 %, 18.36 % and 23.59 % respectively, and absorbing of N, K, Ca and Mn is also been increased . Applying seaweed extract is showed to hamper absorbing in Zn, Cu and Mg.
(1)与CK比较,单施海藻提取物、Mn肥、Zn肥均可以促进种子萌发,种子发芽率分别提高9.50 %、17.00 %和7.51 %,发芽势分别提高112.90 %、73.80 %和69.50 %,发芽指数分别提高9.60 %、17.90 %和7.50 %。而海藻提取物与Mn肥或者Zn肥配施效果不显著,甚至会抑制种子发芽。在生菜幼苗生长阶段,施用海藻提取物能显著提高幼苗生长势,配施Zn肥或MnZn肥可进一步促进幼苗株高和干重的提高。在生菜整个生长期中,施用海藻提取物能显著促进生菜生长,提高植株的叶片数、茎粗、株高、根长和干重,配施MnZn肥或Zn肥可进一步显著促进生菜生长。
(2)施用海藻提取物可以显著促进生菜生长旺盛期对氮、磷、钾的吸收以及由根部向地上部的运移;随着生菜生长速度变缓,植株衰老,在施用海藻提取物基础上配施MnZn肥或Zn肥能更显著地促进后期生菜对氮的吸收和运移,但配施仅能促进生菜根部对磷、钾的吸收,并不能促进磷、钾向地上部的运移。
施用海藻提取物会抑制生菜生长旺盛期叶片对Mn、Zn的吸收,单施的含量为配施的2.06~1.64倍。海藻提取物与Zn肥配施,在生长后期可显著促进叶片对Zn的吸收,相对于单施Zn肥叶片中Zn含量提高23.95 %。
(3)在生菜生长过程中,施用Mn肥能使生菜叶片的叶绿素含量增高15.81~21.93 %。在生菜叶片缺锰状态下,施用海藻提取物或Zn肥均不能提高叶绿素含量;海藻提取物与Mn肥配施也不能显著提高叶绿素含量。施用Mn肥能促进生菜光合作用,并提高叶片的蒸腾速率和气孔导度,在此基础之上与海藻提取物配施效果更显著。
(4)水分及盐分胁迫条件下,施用海藻提取物可以使叶片保护酶系中SOD的活性提高10.79~66.13 %,使生菜抗逆性增强,施用海藻提取物的同时配施Mn肥或Zn肥效果更显著,使SOD的活性提高51.3~71.3 %。
(5)生菜生长至四叶期时浇施总量的1/3,然后生长中期浇施总量的2/3,可显著提高生菜叶片数、株高和干重,达25.08 %、18.36 %和23.59 %,还可显著促进生菜对N、K、Ca和Mn的吸收。施用海藻提取物,会抑制生菜对Zn、Cu和Mg的吸收。
Lettuce is chosen as the experimental material of the study, and effects of application of seaweed extract and microelement fertilizers of Mn and/or Zn on growth, photosynthesis feature, enzyme activity of leaf, nutrient absorption and resistance are analyzed, to aim at providing instructional reference for reasonable application of seaweed extract and microelement fertilizers of Mn and/or Zn, and for reasonable way to apply seaweed extract. The main results as follow:
(1) Comparing with treatment CK, applications of only seaweed extract, Mn or Zn all are showed that improviing seed sprouting, seed germination is increased 9.50 %, 17.00 % or 7.51 % respectively, germinative force is 112.90 %, 73.80 % or 69.50 % respectively, and germinative index is 9.60 %, 17.90 % or 7.50 %. But applications of seaweed extract and fertilizer of Mn or Zn are not significantly influence on seed , even restraining sprouting . During the early stages of lettuce growth, applying seaweed extract is showed to enhance significantly every index of growth. Using Zn fertilizer or Mn and Zn fertilizer is given the results of improvement of plant height and dry weight. During the whole stage of lettuce growth, applying seaweed extract enhances significantly growing of lettuce, and increases number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, root length and dry weight of plants. Using Zn fertilizer or Mn and Zn fertilizer significantly enhances every index of growth potential of lettuce.
(2)During exuberant growth period of lettuce, applying seaweed extract is studied to enhance significantly absorbing in nitrogen, phosphor and potassium, and transmitting from root to aerial part. And combinative applications of seaweed extract and microelement Mn or Zn are presented to have effects insignificantly; During later growth stage, with lettuces growing slower and slower and plants becoming old, using Zn fertilizer or Mn and Zn fertilizer significantly enhances absorbing and transmitting of nitrogen on the basis of applying seaweed extract, and improves absorbing in phosphor and potassium, but not transmitting them from root to aerial part. During exuberant growth period, there is a result of being restrained for absorbing of Mn and Zn in leaf by applying seaweed extract, the amount of Mn and Zn with only seaweed extract is presented to be 2.06~1.64 times higher than application of both seaweed extract and fertilizer of Mn or Zn. So the study gets the better result on applying respectively seaweed extract and Mn or Zn rather than on combinations. During later growth stage, the combinative application of seaweed extract and microelement Zn improves absorbing of Zn significantly, the amount of Zn in leaf is increased 23.95 % comparing with application of only seaweed extract.
(3)During the stage of lettuce growth, applying Mn fertilizer increases 15.81~21.93 % of content of chlorophyll in leaf. In the condition of shortage of Mn in leaves, applying seaweed extract or Zn fertilizer is presented to increase chlorophyll content; neither is applying seaweed extract and Mn. Applying Mn fertilizer increases photosynthesis of lettuces, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. On the basis, using seaweed extract effects more significantly.
(4)In the condition of adversity stress, applying seaweed extract increases 10.79~66.13 % for SOD activity in enzymatic system of leaves, and enhances stress resistance of lettuces. Simultaneously, adding Zn fertilizer or Mn with seaweed extract has obviously effects on increasing 51.33~71.32 % of SOD activity.
(5)Applying fertilizer way in which pouring a third of totals during the four-leaf period, then two thirds during the medium period of growth, and adding fertilizer generally obviously increase leave numbe, plant height, and dry weight by 25.08 %, 18.36 % and 23.59 % respectively, and absorbing of N, K, Ca and Mn is also been increased . Applying seaweed extract is showed to hamper absorbing in Zn, Cu and Mg.
引文
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2. 常硕其.锰对福鼎大白茶和储叶齐茶苗生长发育及茶叶品质的影响[硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南农业大学,2006.
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